无甲醛柔软印花胶粘剂的研制

用环氧树脂以及丙烯酸酯单体通过乳液聚合制备了具有核壳结构的共聚物乳液。讨论了主要因素对乳液稳定性及产品性能的影响．结果表明,核壳型乳液最佳的合成条件是引发剂用量为0.4％、复合乳化剂的用量为4％、环氧树脂的用量为2％、核壳质量比为1／2.玻璃化温度分别为-30℃及-15℃,焙烘条件为140℃／5min.作为印花胶粘剂其弹性、手感、牢度等性能指标均达到了设计要求．     

核/壳型有机硅改性苯丙乳液印花粘合剂的合成及应用

以过硫酸钠(NaPS)为引发剂,苯乙烯(St)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为核单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸异辛酯(EHA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸(AA)为壳单体,采用种子乳液聚合法,制备了硬壳软核型苯丙乳液,对其进行有机硅改性,得到核壳型有机硅改性苯丙乳液(简称硅丙乳液),将其用作涂料印花粘合剂。研究了核壳单体质量比、丙烯酸用量、乙烯基硅油用量对乳液性能及印花性能的影响;并用热失重分析仪和透射电镜进行了表征。较佳配方为:核/壳单体质量比为6∶4,AA质量分数为2.5%,乙烯基硅油质量分数为10%～15%。该乳液的理化性能较好,耐热性优于核/壳苯丙乳液,将其用于涂料印花,改善了堵网性,印花织物的干、湿摩擦牢度,皂洗牢度,手感以及表观得色量可以达到工业用华润粘合剂的水平。     

高性能水性印花涂料的制备

以丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、环氧树脂和乳化剂分别制备核、壳预乳化剂,然后通过种子乳液聚合法制备了具有核壳结构的聚合乳液。以环氧树脂E-44和有机硅氧烷KH-570对聚合乳液进行改性,制备了印花涂料用乳液。研究了乳化剂和核壳单体的配比以及不同改性剂用量对乳液稳定性和成膜性能的影响。结果表明,制备乳液的较佳条件为:复合乳化剂[m(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶m(非离子型乳化剂OS-15)=1∶3]的质量分数为4%,核单体组成为m(MA)∶m(EA)∶m(BA)=1∶1∶3、质量分数为30%～40%,壳单体组成为m(MA)∶m(EA)∶m(BA)=2∶1∶1,改性剂环氧树脂E-44和有机硅氧烷KH-570的用量分别为2%和6%。当烘焙工艺条件为140℃/3min时,制得的印花涂料涂膜在弹性、手感、牢度等性能指标方面均达到了设计要求。     

无甲醛耐晒固色剂QJ-02的研制

二乙烯三胺在110℃下与氯化铵反应，其产物在120℃时与双氰胺反应，调节pH值=7．5～8，加入环氧氯丙烷，经醋酸酸化合成了QJ—02无甲醛耐晒固色剂。在应用时加入壳聚糖，使棉染色织物的耐晒牢度得到明显提高。与传统的固色剂相比，干、湿摩擦牢度提高了2级，皂洗牢度提高了0．5～1级，耐晒牢度提高0．5～1级，达到了5级，染色织物的色光没有变化。     

苯丙乳液的合成及水性防锈涂料的制备研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯为主单体，甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸为交联单体，磷酸酯PAM-200为功能单体合成了一种具有核壳结构的交联苯丙乳液。研究了乳化剂的用量和配比、交联单体用量以及磷酸酯功能单体的用量对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。当乳化剂用量为单体总量的1．5％，核层为DSB（0．5％）／SE-10N（0．5％），壳层为SE-10N（0．5％）；交联单体用量为所在层单体总量的3％，磷酸酯功能单体用量为壳层单体总量的4％时，乳液及其涂膜具有较好的综合性能。该乳液配制的水性防锈涂料与普通苯丙乳液相比具有更优异的防锈性能，在3％的盐水中浸泡400h漆膜无起泡生锈现象。     

1种涂料印花粘合剂的合成与应用

以丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯和丙烯腈作为共聚单体制备了TF-320自交联型涂料印花粘合剂,适宜的合成工艺参数为：交联单体A为单体总质量的3％。4％：分别g／,单体质量3％-4％的十二烷基磺酸钠和AE09（质量比为1：3）为复合乳化剂、0．5％～0．8％的过硫酸铵为引发剂,分别以总体系质量O．1％的磷酸二氢钠为缓冲剂、0．05％的正十二硫醇为调节剂,反应温度在80℃,采用连续滴加单体和引发剂的方法,滴加时间控制在2．0～3．0h。在此条件下所得产品可以给予织物优异的牢度、较高的得色量和柔软的手感,印花织物的干、湿摩擦牢度均达到或超过某市场主流产品。     

中空聚合物乳胶粒的制备

研究了在制备中空聚合物乳胶粒过程中，甲基丙烯酸用量、乳化剂用量对最终中空乳胶粒粒径、空径的影响。实验结果表明，甲基丙烯酸用量为单体量的30％，乳化剂在核层以及壳层制备过程中用量分别为单体量的0．15％和0．2％时，能得到粒径均一、空径最大的中空乳胶粒。     

Fe3O4@TiO2核壳材料的制备及光催化性能研究

以Fe_3O_4为核合成了具备光催化活性和磁性的Fe3O4@mTiO_2核壳结构复合材料,并研究其光催化性能。在Fe3O4纳米颗粒表面包覆TiO_2壳层,改变钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)用量调控TiO_2壳层厚度,结果显示,当TBOT用量为0.35 g时可获得具有最佳壳层厚度的Fe3O4@Ti O2核-壳材料。随后,利用水热法将无定型TiO_2转变为锐钛矿型TiO_2,获得了具有高比表面积和光催化活性Fe3O4@Ti O2核壳材料,并以亚甲基蓝作为模型分子评估其光催化性能。     

指接材双组分胶粘剂的研制

研制了指接材双组分胶粘剂。研究了丙烯酸用量、引发剂用量和多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯用量对乳液剪切强度的影响,同时还研究了引发剂用量和保温时间与乳液转化率的关系。结果表明:当丙烯酸用量为3％、过硫酸铵为0．5％、保温时间为40min、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯为14％时,乳液的干／湿态剪切强度分别为11．2MPa和6．3MPa。     

核壳型无甲醛涂料印花粘合剂乳液的合成与应用性能

选择新型的交联单体代替N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备核壳型环保粘合剂.TEM观察到粘合剂乳液粒子具有明显的核壳结构.分析结果表明:粘合剂乳液固含量约30%,粒子粒径分布均一,粒径150 nm左右,且粒径随交联单体的用量增加而逐渐变大.采用丙烯酸羟丙酯交联单体的反应活性较高,容易形成凝胶物.其用于棉织物涂料印花时摩擦牢度、刷洗牢度、皂洗牢度和手感都良好,与所对照的商品粘合剂差别较小.     

An investigation of NO/CO reaction over perovskite-type oxide La0.8Ce0.2B0.4Mn0.6O3 (B = Cu or Ag) catalysts synthesized by reverse microemulsion

The perovskite-type oxides La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ and La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ prepared by reverse microemulsion and sol–gel methods (denoted as R and S, respectively), have been investigated on their catalytic performance for the (NO + CO) reaction, and characterized by means of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD measurements proved the presence of the perovskite phase with a considerable amount of CeO₂ phase and the formation of CeO₂ phase was restrained with the reverse microemulsion method. TEM investigations revealed that the La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-R nanoparticles were uniform spheres in shape with diameters ranging from 40 to 50 nm, whereas an aggregation of particles was found for the La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-S catalyst. The activity of NO reduction with CO decreased in the order of La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-R > La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-S > La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-R > La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-S. In NO-TPD experiments, the principal desorbed species detected in the effluent was NO with a trace amount of O₂ and N₂O, suggesting that the non-dissociated adsorption of NO on the surface of the perovskite-type oxides was dominant. The XPS results revealed that Ce⁴⁺ and Cu⁺ was the predominant oxidation state for Ce and Cu components in La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ and La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ catalysts. The existence of Cu⁺ ions and its redox reaction (Cu⁺ ↔ Cu²⁺) would benefit the NO adsorption and reduction by CO.     

核桃青皮醇提物对棉织物染色性能的研究

为解决天然染料核桃青皮染色色调单一的问题,以颜色特征值和染色牢度为指标,通过单因素和正交实验优化了影响染色效果的温度、时间、pH值及核桃青皮色素染液的质量浓度等因素,比较了单金属盐的不同媒染方法和双金属盐复配对纯棉织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,核桃青皮色素染色的优化条件为：温度90oC、质量浓度71.40 g/L、染浴pH=4.0、时间140 min。核桃青皮提取液染色棉织物色谱的范围广,耐摩擦牢度好;耐皂洗牢度上单金属盐媒染是后媒＞前媒＞同浴＞直接染色,双金属盐复配及Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Al3+、Cr6+等单金属盐媒染的耐皂洗色牢度均能达到3级以上。X-射线衍射分析表明棉织物内部结构未受影响,Fe3+、Fe2+、Cr6+、Sr2+、Na+和K+等单金属盐和Fe2+/Cu2+、Fe2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Sn2+、Al3+/Cr6+、Cr6+/Ti4+和Cr6+/Sn2+等双金属盐媒染后的棉织物紫外线防护能力增强。     

催化氧化法制备硬质氧化蜡

实验制备的氧化蜡具有与天然巴西棕榈蜡相近的性能。考察了反应温度、反应时间、空气流速、蜡的选择和用量、催化剂用量等因素对氧化蜡质量的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度150～160℃,激发温度180～185℃,反应时间6～8 h,空气流速0.4 m3/h,石蜡用量65.0%,聚乙烯蜡用量20.0%,硬脂酸用量10.0%,氢氧化钙用量2.5%～3.0%,催化剂用量0.02%～0.05%,DTBP用量0.6%～1.0%。得到的产品具有较高的酸值、皂化值和较佳的针入度值。     

可溶无水石膏Ⅲ对半水石膏水化过程的影响

研究了可溶无水石膏Ⅲ(AⅢ)对半水石膏水化过程的影响。采用常规分析方法、XRD和扫描电镜对半水石膏原料、水化过程和石膏产品进行分析和表征。结果表明:新粉AⅢ活性高,水化速度快,导致添加减水剂时几乎未见减水增强效果。陈化粉添加加速剂YT,当添加量在0.1%~0.2%时,石膏制品2h的强度增加22%,24 h的强度增加20%~30%;添加FDN减水剂,当掺量在0.2%时,水膏比从0.7 m L/g降低至0.6 m L/g(降低了14.2%),减水效果明显。     

多壁纳米碳管复合电催化氧电极的研究

采用多壁纳米碳管(MWNTs)与La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8复合催化剂制备复合催化剂氧电极,研究了它的电化学特性。发现MWNTs对氧还原具有明显的催化作用,电极中单独采用MWNTs为催化剂时,氧电极工作电流密度可达200 mA/cm2(-0.6 V Hg/HgO参比电极)。结果表明,采用正交实验法获得了复合催化剂的最佳配比为:0.1 gMWNTs+0.02 g La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8+0.5 mL PTFE+0.1 g ZnO,在最佳配比条件下,氧电极工作电流密度可达317mA/cm2(-0.6 V Hg/HgO参比电极),其交换电流密度为144.1 mA/cm2;MWNTs与La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8催化剂具有催化性能的叠加特性,明显优于单一催化剂氧电极;MWNTs与不同类型的钙钛石组成复合催化剂时,La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.8与La0.6Ca0.4CoO2.8性能接近,但明显优于La0.8Sr0.2MnO2.9。     

Sunflower oil used for frying: Combination of column,gas and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography for its evaluation

The alterations of a sunflower oil were evaluated by column, gas and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography after being used for deep-fat frying fifteen repeated and discontinuous times. Polar compounds increased significantly (6.2 ± 0.3% to 18.7 ± 0.8% in oil). Linoleic acid decreased (53.8 ± 0.2 to 48.1 ± 0.8 mg/100 mg oil) while oleic acid remained unaltered after 15 fryings. Saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic, also remained unaltered. Triglyceride polymers (0.1 ± 0.0 to 2.4 ± 0.2 mg/100 mg oil), triglyceride dimers (1.0 ± 0.2 to 6.7 ± 0.3 mg/100 mg oil) and oxidized triglycerides (3.4 ± 0.2 to 7.6 ± 0.3 mg/100 mg oil) increased significantly in the oil used 15 times to fry potatoes. These thermoxidative compounds correlated well with the number of fryings (r=0.9864, r=0.9535 and r=0.9758, respectively). Diglyceride compounds remained unaltered, while free fatty acids increased from 0.4 ± 0.0 to 0.6 ± 0.0 mg/100 mg oil. Both of these, which are characteristic of hydrolytic alteration, did not correlate significantly (r=0.5985 and r=0.4261, respectively) with the number of fryings. These data suggest that a thermoxidative process, rather than a hydrolytic one, took place in this study.     

Effect of liquor ratio on the shade change and cross‐staining observed in the ISO 105‐C08 test†

The effect of liquor ratio on the amount of cross‐staining and shade change in the ISO 105‐C08 wash fastness test has been studied in order to improve the correlation between the results from the laboratory test and to those obtained in a domestic washing machine. It has been shown that the correlation obtained for cross‐staining but not shade change is improved when the liquor ratio is reduced below the 50;1 currently in use. A revised setting of 20;1 is recommended for an international ring test to confirm repeatability and reproducibility.     

晶核剂Cr2O3、Fe2O3对玻璃熔化性能的影响

高炉渣的主要成分与玻璃相似,采用熔融法以高炉渣为主要原料制备微晶玻璃(高炉渣配比为70%),以少量纯化学试剂调整基础玻璃成分,通过实验研究了晶核剂Cr2O3、Fe2O3对玻璃熔化性能的影响规律.结果表明:基础玻璃中加入0.5%~2.5%的Cr2O3作晶核剂时,随着Cr2O3加入量的增多,熔化温度呈现逐渐升高趋势,当向基础玻璃中加入1.0%~3.0%Fe2O3作晶核剂时,随着Fe2O3加入量的增多,熔化温度逐渐降低.将0.5%~2.5%Cr2O3、1.0%~3.0%Fe2O3按一定比例配合作为复合晶核剂,总量控制在3.5%,Cr2O3与Fe2O3对玻璃熔化性能的影响可以互相抵消.晶核剂Cr2O3、Fe2O3的引入,可明显降低玻璃的熔化性温度,为了保证玻璃液的顺利浇注成型,至少应将温度控制在1360 ℃以上.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸仲丁酯

研究了乙酸和仲丁醇在硫酸氢钠催化下的反应。考查了催化剂用量、反应时间、醇酸物质的量比及带水剂用量对乙酸酯化率的影响。结果表明 :当乙酸为 0 .2mol,仲丁醇为 0 .4mol,催化剂硫酸氢钠为 0 .6 g ,反应时间为 1.5h ,环己烷带水剂为 30ml时 ,乙酸酯化率在 99.3%以上。该催化剂具有催化效果好 ,使用量少 ,酯化率高 ,环境污染小 ,价格低廉易得等特点。     

Effect of a cationising agent on the conventional reactive dyeing of cotton

Cationisation of cotton is emerging as an effective tool that may help to solve the environmental problems associated with the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. The efficiency of the cationising agent CA200 has been investigated and was found to be more effective when compared with the usual method for reactive dyeing of cotton. Pretreatment of the cotton fabric with the cationising agent increases the rate of dyeing compared with the existing method of reactive dyeing. The colour yields, in terms of the Kubelka–Munk values as a function of the amount of dye fixed, showed that cationisation enhances the colour strength. It also improves the washing fastness, rubbing fastness and depth of shade. The positive environmental impact of this cationisation process is significant and the cationised cotton shows a similar fabric quality as with the normal dyeing process.