Botulism in Poland in 2002

A total of 85 foodborne botulism were registered in Poland in 2002, with corresponding incidence 0.22 per 100,000 population. In rural areas were registered 67% of cases and in urban areas--33% (adequately--incidence 0.39 and 0.12). There were 53 outbreaks of one person noted, 11 outbreaks of two people, 2 outbreaks of three, and 1 outbreak of four people. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of botulinum toxin (58 cases; 68.2%). Out of them, home made conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat (23.5% of cases) and commercial produced sausages (20.0%) prevailed as vehicles. Five deaths (three men and two women) from foodborne botulism were registered in Poland in 2002.     

Botulism in Poland in 2003

A total number of 78 foodborne botulism cases were registered in Poland in 2003, (incidence rate 0.20 per 100 000 population), in rural areas--46 cases (incidence 0.31) and in urban areas--32 cases (incidence 0.14). There were noted 48 sporadic cases, 8 outbreaks of two persons and 1 outbreak of three, four and five people. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of botulinum toxin, especially home made bottling jars prepared from pork meat (24.4% of cases). Two deaths from foodborne botulism were registered.     

Botulism in Poland in 2000

A total of 72 cases of botulism were registered in Poland in 2000, with corresponding incidence 0.19 per 100,000 population. In the rural areas 56 (incidence 0.38), and in the urban areas 16 (incidence 0.07) cases were registered. In 2000, there were 46 outbreaks of one person, 7 outbreaks of two people, and 4 of three people noted. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of the botulinum toxin (41 cases; 56.9%). Of them, prevailed homemade conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat (18.1%). Home made sausages were associated with 13.9%, canned fish with 12.5%, sausages of commercial production--with 12.5%, and dishes from poultry with 11.1% cases. Two deaths from botulism were registered in Poland in 2000.     

Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2001

A total of 24,393 bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2001. The incidence was 63.1/100,000 population. S. Enteritidis was found in 93.4% of cases in outbreaks (in Poland 4 sick people and more) caused by Salmonella sp. The main vehicle of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks was food prepared from eggs (31.8% cases in outbreaks, 45.2% cases caused by Salmonella of animal's source). Private homes prevailed (47.9% of outbreaks, 62.6% of outbreaks caused by Salmonella) among the places of the ready made food production. Seven epidemics with more than 100 cases each, were registered. Ten deaths were noted in outbreaks in 2001 (1--in the result of salmonellosis of the animals's source and 9--after chemical poisoning).     

Botulism in 1998

Total 93 cases of botulism were registered in Poland in 1998. The morbidity amounted 0.24/100,000. In the rural regions were registered 61 (morbidity 0.41), and in the urban regions 32 (morbidity 0.13) cases. The morbidity of men (0.34) outnumbered the morbidity of women (0.15). In 1998 there were 57 outbreaks of one person noted, 8 outbreaks of two people, 4 of three people and 2 of four people. Among the vehicles of the botulinum toxin dishes from meat remained on the first position (50.5% of the cases) and in these numbers prevailed weeks of home production (18.3%). In 1998 were noted 4 deaths from botulism. In this number were 4 men (46, 57, 74 and 78 years old).     

Foodborne infections and intoxications in 1998

In total were registered 30,515 cases of bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications (salmonelloses of animal source, staphylococcal, botulism, other bacterial and caused by undetermined agents) in 1998. Morbidity amounted 78.9/100,000. In 399 outbreaks of collective illnesses (4 people and more) 8225 cases were registered altogether. S. Enteritidis caused 92.5% cases in outbreaks. The main vehicle of foodborne infections and intoxications in outbreaks was food prepared from raw materials of animal source, which caused 86.8% cases in outbreaks. Dishes from eggs brought about 45.5% of these cases. Among the places of the ready made food production, private homes prevailed (58.1% of the whole amount of outbreaks). Seven epidemics numbering above 100 cases each were registered in 1998.     

Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2000

The total number of 26,701 cases of bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2000. The incidence was 96.9/100,000 population. S. Enteritidis was found in 96.9% of cases in outbreaks caused by Salmonella sp. The main vehicle of foodborne infections and intoxications in outbreaks (in Poland defined as 4 and more sick people) was food prepared from eggs (44.4% cases in outbreaks, 54.4% cases caused by Salmonella). Private homes prevailed (56.1% of outbreaks) among the places of the ready made food production. Six epidemics with 100 and more cases each were registered. Four deaths were noted in outbreaks in 2000.     

Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2002

A total of 26,734 bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2002 (incidence 69.9/100,000 population). S. Enteritidis was found in 94.8% of collective outbreaks (in Poland 4 sick people and more) and 90.4% cases in outbreaks caused by Salmonella of animal's source. The main vehicle of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks in 2002 was food prepared from various raw materials (3 and more) of animal's source (35.6% cases in outbreaks) and the next--from eggs (20.9% cases in outbreaks). Private homes prevailed (47.1% outbreaks, 66.2% outbreaks caused by Salmonella) among the places of the ready made food production. Ten epidemics with 100 and more cases each, were registered. Six deaths were noted in outbreaks in 2002 (2--in the result of salmonellosis of the animal's source, 1--in the result of staphylococcal infection and 3--after chemical poisoning).     

Foodborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 2003

A total of 20 221 bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 2003 (incidence 52.9/100 000 population). These illnesses were less incident in 2003, compared both to 2002 figure (26 734 cases; incidence 69.9) and the median 1998-2001 (26 902 cases; incidence 69.6). Unlike bacterial infections, the incidence of viral foodborne infections increased in the recent years (2003--21.10 vs. 2002--17.30 and median 1998-2001 6.85). The parasitic foodborne infections did not change much during the recent years. A total of 78 cases of mushroom poisonings were reported (incidence 0.2) in 2003, compared to 66 cases in 2002 (incidence 0.17) and a median of 223 cases in 1998-2001 (incidence 0.6). The incidence of foodborne infections and intoxications was higher in the age group 0-4 years, compared to other age groups and in urban areas, compared to rural areas. A total of 230 foodborne and waterborne outbreaks involving 3816 cases were reported in 2003 (in Poland only outbreaks involving 4 persons or more were reported). The most prevalent etiological factors in outbreaks were Salmonella strains (63.6% of cases),Staphylococcus aureus (10.0% of cases) and Klebsiella strains (1.4% of cases). The most prevalent Salmonella strain were S. Enteritidis (89.3%) and S. Hadar (5.0%). The main vehicle of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks were meals prepared from various (> 2) raw materials of animal sources (29.2% of cases), egg meals (27.6%) and meats (7.2%). Of the places of food contamination, the most prevalent were own apartments (26.1% of outbreaks), food producing farms (10.6%), and restaurants (4.9%). One death was attributed to an outbreak of unknown etiology.     

Botulism in Poland in 1999

Total 97 cases of botulism were registered in 1999 in Poland with incidence 0.25/100,000. In the rural area were registered 61 (incidence 0.41/100,000), and in the urban regions 36 (incidence 0.15) cases. The incidence among men (0.32) outnumbered the incidence among women (0.18). In 1999 there were 68 outbreaks of one person noted, 6 outbreaks of two people, 3 of three people and 2 of four people. Dishes from meat were the main vehicle of the botulinum toxin (58 cases; 59.8%). In this number prevailed home made conserves (wecks) from pork meat (26.8%). No deaths were registered in 1999.     

Foodborne infections and poisonings in Poland in 1999

The total number of 27,103 cases of bacterial foodborne infections and intoxications were registered in 1999. The incidence was 70.1/100,000. 6,269 cases were registered in 336 outbreaks of collective illnesses (4 people and more). S. Enteritidis was found in 97.1% of cases in outbreaks caused by Salmonella spp. The main vehicle of foodborne infections and intoxications in outbreaks was food prepared from eggs (52.5% cases in outbreaks). Private homes prevailed (58.3% of outbreaks) among the places of the ready made food production. Five epidemics with more than 100 cases each were registered in 1999.     

1992～2001年食源性疾病暴发资料分析——国家食源性疾病监测网

目的　了解国家食源性疾病监测网覆盖地区人群食源性疾病爆发的发生状况。方法　对 13个监测地区 1992～ 2 0 0 1年食源性疾病爆发上报资料进行回顾性分析。结果　十年间共上报 5 770件食源性疾病暴发事件 ,涉及的患者人数达 16 2 995人。微生物引起的食源性疾病事件和涉及人数最多 ,分别占总体的38 5 %和 5 0 9%。副溶血性弧菌 (31 1% )是主要的病因物质。化学物引起的食源性疾病事件和涉及人数分别占总体的 37 5 %和 2 8 6 %。结论　应不断加强完善我国食源性疾病监测网络的建设。     

Poisoning caused by chemicals for plant protection in Poland in 2001

A total number of 220 cases of poisoning caused by chemicals for plant protection were registered in Poland in 2001 (incidence 0.57 per 100,000 population). The large number of cases occurred in one outbreak (104 cases; 47.3%). In this outbreak inhalation exposure took place in a school after spraying of HUKINOL AL (repelant for animals) by pupils. Course of disease in these cases was mild. Among remaining cases there were:--poisoning after intake of chemicals for plant protection (14.5% after suicidal intake, 21.4% after accidental intake, 1.4% after intake with fruits and one case--undetermined circumstances of intake);--poisoning after exposure at agricultural labour (10.0%); and--exposition in other or undetermined situation (2.3%). In 2001 were registered two outbreaks: above mentioned 104 cases and two cases (children) after intake of plums before lapse of a currency period. In total in 2001 eleven people died as a result of poisoning by chemicals for plant protection.     

Foodborne botulism in the Republic of Georgia

Foodborne botulism is a potentially fatal, paralytic illness that can cause large outbreaks. A possible increase in botulism incidence during 2001 in the Republic of Georgia prompted this study. We reviewed surveillance data and abstracted records of patients with botulism who were hospitalized from 1980 to 2002. During this period, 879 botulism cases were detected. The median annual incidence increased from 0.3 per 100,000 during 1980 to 1990 to 0.9 per 100,000 during 1991 to 2002. For 706 botulism patients hospitalized from 1980 to 2002, 80% of their cases were attributed to home-preserved vegetables. Surveillance evaluation verified that botulism incidence varied greatly by region. Georgia has the highest nationally reported rate of foodborne botulism in the world. A strategy addressing individual behaviors in the home is needed to improve food safety; developing this strategy requires a deeper understanding of why botulism has increased and varies by region.     

Foodborne Botulism in Canada, 1985–2005

During 1985–2005, a total of 91 laboratory-confirmed outbreaks of foodborne botulism occurred in Canada; these outbreaks involved 205 cases and 11 deaths. Of the outbreaks, 75 (86.2%) were caused by Clostridium botulinum type E, followed by types A (7, 8.1%) and B (5, 5.7%). Approximately 85% of the outbreaks occurred in Alaska Native communities, particularly the Inuit of Nunavik in northern Quebec and the First Nations population of the Pacific coast of British Columbia. These populations were predominantly exposed to type E botulinum toxin through the consumption of traditionally prepared marine mammal and fish products. Two botulism outbreaks were attributed to commercial ready-to-eat meat products and 3 to foods served in restaurants; several cases were attributed to non-Native home-prepared foods. Three affected pregnant women delivered healthy infants. Improvements in botulism case identification and early treatment have resulted in a reduction in the case-fatality rate in Canada.     

2014 - 2018年苏州市食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析

目的 分析2014 - 2018年苏州市食源性疾病暴发事件的特征,为预防和控制苏州市食源性疾病暴发事件的发生提供科学决策。方法 对2014 - 2018年苏州各地电子上报和补报的食源性疾病暴发事件进行统计学分析。结果 2014 - 2018年5年苏州市暴发的食源性疾病事件217起,发病人数3 858例,无死亡病例。事件年均发生率3.04起/百万人,发病率5人/10万人,每起事件平均发病人数18人。5月、8月和7月是食源性疾病暴发的高峰期。致病因子查明率83.87%（182/217）。由微生物引起的暴发事件和发病人数最多,比例为69.59%（151/271）,发病人数占发病总人数的76.83%（2 964/3 858）,致病因子主要是副溶血性弧菌,比例达51.61%（112/217）。家庭是食源性疾病暴发的主要场所,占总起数的37.79%。暴发事件原因食品查明率61.75%（134/217）,以水产品最多见。暴发事故中查明的引发原因主要是加工不当52.07%。结论 通过本文分析,相关部门可以根据不同类别食源性疾病暴发事件发生特点,在重点月份、重点场所等做好食品安全监管、预警、教育等工作。     

2003年中国食源性疾病暴发的监测资料分析

目的持续监测国家食源性疾病监测网覆盖地区人群食源性疾病发生状况。方法对2003年监测地区13个省上报食源性疾病资料进行回顾性分析。结果2003年共上报802起食源性疾病事件,涉及患者人数达17462人。微生物引起的食源性疾病事件和涉及人数最多,分别占总体的46·4%和60·4%,其中副溶血性弧菌(40·1%)是主要致病菌。化学物引起的食源性疾病事件和涉及人数分别占总体的24·1%和13·9%。结论应不断完善中国食源性疾病监测网络建设,作为监测食源性疾病的重要平台。     

Impact of guidelines in investigating foodborne disease outbreaks services in Lazio region, Italy

Epidemiological investigation of foodborne disease outbreaks helps us to better define the risks, hazards and vehicles involved. In 1997 guidelines on epidemiological methods for investigating these outbreaks were implemented in the Lazio Region. Methods used in investigating the 410 foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the 1996-2000 period were analysed to evaluate the impact of the guide lines on health services. Specific food attack-rates (epidemiological methods) were calculated more frequently in outbreaks with setting of mass catering with many exposed people (46% of these outbreaks) than in outbreaks in home setting with few exposed people (13% of these cases). Inversely, in smaller outbreaks the proportion of cases with detected aetiology (microbiological method) was higher (66%) than in larger ones (43%). For foodborne disease outbreaks with at least 30 people exposed epidemiological methods of investigating showed temporal trend in the period 1996-2000: the epidemics in which attack rates were calculated increased from 50% to 83%, those in which epidemic curve was drawn increased from 17% to 79%, and those in which food specific attack rates were calculated increased from 33% to 58%. The hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) was performed only in 18.3% of the cases. In conclusion, the guide lines resulted in a wider application of epidemiological methods in large outbreaks with a well defined exposure resulting in an improved detection of vehicles of foodborne diseases. Epidemiological methods possibly are not adequate to investigate smaller foodborne outbreaks.     

2010—2019年云南省昭通市食源性疾病暴发情况分析

目的 了解2010—2019年云南省昭通市食源性疾病暴发情况,为昭通市预防和控制食源性疾病暴发提供决策依据.方法 对食源性疾病暴发监测系统中2010—2019年度报告的昭通市食源性疾病暴发进行描述性分析.结果 昭通市2010—2019年报告食源性疾病暴发82起,累计发病2060人,死亡40人;2016年暴发数最多,共1...