扩散型合金粉末的高密度烧结

对Fe-1．5Cr-2．0Ni-0．85Mo-1．7Cu和Fe-4．0Cr-3．0Ni-0．85Mo-1．7Cu两种扩散型合金粉末进行了研究,采用热锻烧结法获得了高的烧结密度,并与冷压法进行对比试验。试验结果表明,热锻烧结密度比冷压烧结密度有显著提高,密度可达7．7g/cm^3,近似完全致密材料的组织,硬度和耐磨性也有显著提高。     

钼包铁粉对Fe-2Cu-1Mo-0.8C合金显微组织、工艺性能和力学性能影响

分别采用元素混合粉和钼包铁粉将钼元素引入到Fe-2Cu-1Mo-0.8C成形混合料中,经压制烧结后得到烧结体,考察了两种钼元素引入方式对粉末工艺性能及烧结体显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,由钼包铁粉所制备的Fe-2Cu-1Mo-0.8C成形混合料松装密度和流动性都优于元素混合粉末,分别提高了0.22 g/cm3和2.14 s/50 g.经800 MPa压力压制后,由钼包铁粉制备的压坯密度为7.29 g/cm3,于1150℃烧结90 min后得到烧结体的密度为7.26 g/cm3.烧结体的显微组织以珠光体和铁素体为主,由钼包铁粉制备的烧结体组织更为致密,钼元素在烧结体中分布更均匀,其抗拉强度和硬度分别为533 MPa和98.2 HRB,由元素混合粉制备的烧结体的抗拉强度和硬度分别为501 MPa和93.5 HRB.     

粉末预合金化对金刚石工具胎体性能的影响

本文通过试验分析研究了铁基粉末预合金化对金刚石工具胎体硬度与抗弯强度的影响.结果表明:预合金粉末烧结温度较低,胎体在750 ℃即可得到高的烧结硬度,为106 HRB,在650 ℃～900 ℃的烧结温度区间内,硬度值变化仅小于4 HRB;而在相同的烧结温度下,相同组分的混合粉末的烧结硬度仅为94 HRB～98 HRB;当烧结温度低于800 ℃时,预合金粉末胎体抗弯强度低于混合粉末胎体;随着烧结温度的升高,二者差距缩小.预合金粉末胎体的最佳结烧结温度区间为750 ℃～850 ℃,在此范围内可得到讲最佳的硬度与抗弯强度匹配.     

烧结参数对温压Fe-2Ni-2Cu-1Mo-1C材料抗拉强度的影响

采用温压方法制备了高密度Fe-2Ni-2Cu-1Mo-1C材料,并研究了烧结温度和烧结时间对温压Fe-2Ni-2Cu-1Mo-1C材料烧结密度和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明:常规温压和模壁润滑温压的烧结密度和抗拉强度随烧结温度和时间的变化而变化,模壁润滑温压的烧结密度和抗拉强度均大于常规温压的;温压材料的抗拉强度为烧结温度和烧结时间的函数,常规温压和模壁润滑温压的抗拉强度随烧结温度和时间变化的线性回归方程(R为相关系数)分别为σb=575 211 153 6f(t,T),R=0.972和σb=595 208 688 3f(t,T),R=0.997。     

金刚石工具用Cu-10Sn-xNi合金的制备和性能表征

采用球磨法制备了4种不同Ni含量的Cu-10Sn-x Ni (x=15、30、45和60,质量分数,%)预合金粉末,分别经820、850和880℃热压烧结制备成合金块材,对预合金粉末和合金块材的微观组织和机械性能进行表征与检测。结果表明:球磨法制备的预合金粉末中出现了Cu3.8Ni相,当Ni含量增加到60%时,还出现了Ni3Sn相和非晶相。随Ni含量的增加和烧结温度的升高,烧结合金中Sn元素的偏析现象得到有效抑制,组织均匀性显著提高,同时合金的密度、抗弯强度和弯曲弹性模量均相应提升。但增加Ni含量对合金的硬度影响不大。880℃热压烧结制备的Cu-10Sn-60Ni合金具有最佳的综合性能,其硬度、抗弯强度和弯曲弹性模量分别100 HRB、1308 MPa和75.6 GPa。     

高能球磨对TiC钢结硬质合金孔隙度影响的研究

采用行星式球磨机对Fe-3.0Cr-3.0Mo-0.5Cu-0.5C-33TiC新型钢结硬质合金混合粉末进行高能球磨,对不同球磨时间粉末形貌及烧结后的合金组织进行观察,测定了烧结后合金的孔隙度。结果表明:球磨初期,粉末粒度迅速减小,粉末出现片状形貌,随着球磨时间增加,粉末粒度减小速度变缓,最后趋于稳定,片状形貌逐渐消失,不规则球形形貌颗粒增多。球磨过程中,在一定时间内,随着球磨时间的增加,混合粉末成分均匀性增加,合金组织细化,孔隙度显著降低。     

铬对铁基预合金粉末烧结组织和性能的影响

采用冷压烧结方法制备Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu-Cr系铁基粉末冶金材料,研究了铬对粉末烧结密度、微观组织特征及耐磨性能的影响,并借助于扫描电镜观察分析磨损形貌、探讨其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明,添加少量铬的Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu预合金粉末,在1120℃下烧结,可获得较高的烧结密度；微观组织硬度随铬量的增加而增加,表观硬度随密度的增加而增加。干滑动摩擦磨损率随磨损滑移距离的增加先增加而后逐渐降低,磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和氧化磨损。     

铬对铁基预合金粉末烧结组织和性能的影响

采用冷压烧结方法制备Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu-Cr系铁基粉末冶金材料，研究了铬对粉末烧结密度、微观组织特征及耐磨性能的影响，并借助于扫描电镜观察分析磨损形貌、探讨其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明，添加少量铬的Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu预合金粉末，在1120℃下烧结，可获得较高的烧结密度；微观组织硬度随铬量的增加而增加，表观硬度随密度的增加而增加。干滑动摩擦磨损率随磨损滑移距离的增加先增加而后逐渐降低，磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和氧化磨损。     

超细Mo-40Cu合金的制备及其性能北大核心CSCD

采用化学共沉淀—氢气还原法制备了高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu(质量分数)复合粉末,采用真空烧结法制备了Mo-Cu合金。研究了烧结温度和保温时间对合金力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明:高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu复合粉末的烧结活性较好,真空烧结到1300℃,保温时间2 h,可获得综合性能较好的Mo-Cu合金,样品的致密度、抗弯强度和硬度分别为94.7%、571 MPa和118.92 HV。     

超细Mo-40Cu合金的制备及其性能

采用化学共沉淀—氢气还原法制备了高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu(质量分数)复合粉末,采用真空烧结法制备了Mo-Cu合金。研究了烧结温度和保温时间对合金力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明:高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu复合粉末的烧结活性较好,真空烧结到1300℃,保温时间2 h,可获得综合性能较好的Mo-Cu合金,样品的致密度、抗弯强度和硬度分别为94.7%、571 MPa和118.92 HV。     

Fabrication of nano-crystalline W-Ni-Fe alloy with Mo and rare earth element additives

Three kinds of nano-crystalline high density alloys (86W-7Ni-3Fe-4Mo, 90W-4Ni-2Fe-4Mo and 90W4Ni-2Fe-3.8Mo-0.2RE) were fabricated by a technique combining lower temperature vacuum sintering with highenergy ball milling mechanical alloying. The crystalline size and microstructures of the specimens sintered at different sintering temperatures were examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that the optimal sintering temperature of 86W-7Ni-3Fe-4Mo, 90W-4Ni-2Fe-4Mo and 90W-4Ni-2Fe-3.8Mo-0.2RE alloys are 1 300 - 1 350℃. When they are sintered at 1 300℃ for 75 min， the hardness of three kinds of specimens can reach above HRC30, the relative density can reach above 96%, and 90W-4Ni-2Fe-3.8Mo-0.2RE alloy possesses the best integrated properties, its hardness is HRC35 and its relative density is 98%.     

高锰奥氏体不锈钢的晶界强化

研究了高锰奥氏体不锈钢不同状态下奥氏体晶粒尺寸对硬度的影响，给出了硬度与奥氏体晶粒尺寸的关系式。     

金刚石制品胎体用预合金粉的制备

采用共沉淀还原法制取金刚石制品胎体的铜基预合金粉末。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析其物相组成，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察其形貌特征。研究了共沉淀还原法制备预合金粉末的机理。将预合金粉末经过真空热压烧结后，测试了其基本力学性能。研究结果表明：用该法制取的预合金胎体粉末形貌较均匀、粒度较均一，成分组成达到了设计的要求。共沉淀还原法制备预合金粉末的机理为：各种金属盐在共沉淀反应过程中相互固溶形成了复合金属盐，复合金属盐再通过还原得到预合金粉末。与传统机械混合法制成的胎体材料相比，用该预合金粉制成的胎体材料，均匀性更好，力学性能明显优于传统机械混合法，相对密度达98．24％，硬度达100．4HRB，抗弯强度达1127．45MPa。     

Ir-based refractory superalloys by pulse electric current sintering (PECS) process (II prealloyed powder)

Five prealloyed powder samples prepared from binary Ir-based refractory superalloys were sintered at 1800 °C for 4 h by Pulse Electric Current Sintering (PECS). No metal loss was observed during sintering. The relative densities of the sintered specimens all exceeded 90% T.D. The best one was Ir-13% Hf with the density of 97.82% T.D. Phases detected in sintered samples were in accordance with the phase diagram as expected. Fractured surfaces were observed in two samples (Ir-13% Hf and Ir-15% Zr). Some improvements obtained by using prealloyed powders instead of elemental powders, which were investigated in the previous studies, were presented.     

Heat treatment effects on the corrosion resistance of some HVOF-sprayed metal alloy coatings

The present study evaluates the effects of a 600 °C, 1 h heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of three High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) flame-sprayed alloy coatings: a Co-28Mo-17Cr-3Si (similar to Tribaloy-800) coating, a Ni-20Cr-10W-9Mo-4Cu-1C-1B-1Fe (Diamalloy-4006) coating and a Ni-32Mo-16Cr-3Si-2Co (similar to Tribaloy-700) coating. Electrochemical polarization tests and free corrosion tests were performed in 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution. The corrodkote test (ASTM B380-97R02) was also performed, to evaluate the coatings qualitatively. The heat treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the Co-28Mo-17Cr-3Si coating and of the Ni-20Cr-10W-9Mo-4Cu-1C-1B-1Fe coating by enhancing their passivation ability. The precipitation of sub-micron sized secondary phases after the treatment may produce galvanic microcells at intralamellar scale, but the beneficial contribution provided by the healing of the very small but dangerous interlamellar defects (normally present in thermal spray coatings but not detectable using ordinary scanning electron microscopy) prevails. The effect on Ni-32Mo-16Cr-3Si-2Co coatings is more ambiguous: its sensitivity to crevice corrosion is worsened by the heat treatment.     

A comparison between the corrosion resistances of some HVOF-sprayed metal alloy coatings

This study compares the corrosion resistance of one Co-based alloy coating, namely Co-28Mo-17Cr-3Si (similar to Tribaloy-800), four Ni-based alloy coatings, namely Ni-17Cr-4Fe-4Si-3.5B-1C (Diamalloy-2001), Ni-20Cr-10W-9Mo-4Cu-1C-1B-1Fe (Diamalloy-4006), Ni-22Cr-9Mo-4Nb-5Fe (similar to Inconel-625), Ni-32Mo-16Cr-3Si-2Co (similar to Tribaloy-700), and a (WC-12Co)-33Ni-9Cr-3.5Fe-2Si-2B-0.5C cermet-Ni alloy blend coating. They were produced by liquid-fuelled HVOF spraying onto AISI1040 steel plates. Electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating was characterised as a reference material, to verify whether some HVOF coatings are suitable as an EHC replacement. The microstructure of the coatings was examined by SEM and XRD. Electrochemical polarization tests and free corrosion tests were performed in 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution; the corrodkote test (ASTM B380-97R02) was also performed, to rank coatings qualitatively.The lowest corrosion current densities (I_corr) were recorded for EHC and Tribaloy-700. The latter coating contained few secondary phases and little porosity; the damage was mainly due to corrosion activation along lamellae boundaries. Diamalloy-2001 exhibited the highest I_corr and was significantly damaged after the polarization test, as its multi-phase microstructure had triggered severe galvanic corrosion. During free corrosion in 0.1 M HCl, Tribaloy-700 and Diamalloy-4006 retained rather stable polarization resistance (R_p), whereas the R_p of EHC decreased significantly. Tribaloy-700 survived 40 h of corrodkote test with no apparent damage and EHC underwent limited pitting corrosion. All other coatings had visible corrosion. The Inconel-625 coating failed to protect the substrate after 20 h of testing, due to inadequate processing conditions.     

An XPS study of anodic behavior of amorphous nickel-phosphorus alloys containing chromium,molybdenum or tungsten in 1 m CHl

The surfaces of amorphous Ni-18P, Ni-IOCr-20P, Ni-9Mo-19P and Ni-5W-18P alloys immersed or anodically polarized in 1 M HCl solution were analyzed in connection with their corrosion and anodic behavior. All alloys were more corrosion-resistant than crystalline nickel metal because of formation of phosphate-containing surface films on the Ni-18P, Ni-9Mo-19P and Ni-5W-18P alloys and because of spontaneous passivation due to formation of passive hydrated chromium oxyhydroxide film on the Ni-10Cr-20P alloy. The latter alloy was stable up to the transpassive region of chromium although intrusion of phosphate in the film was responsible for the higher passive current density in comparison to the amorphous Fe-Cr-13P-7C alloy of the same chromium content. The formation of thick porous phosphate films containing nickel, and molybdenum or tungsten by anodic polarization was not effective in passivating the Ni-18P, Ni-9Mo-19P and Ni-5W-18P alloys, and they suffered pitting corrosion by anodic polarization.     

Role of chromium on mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Ni-Mo-Ti maraging steels

This experiment investigated the role of chromium in the mechanical properties of Fe-5Mn-9Ni-5Mo-1.5Ti maraging steels containing up to 3% chromium. Remarkable age-hardening responses were observed in the Fe-5Mn-9Ni-5Mo-1.5Ti and Cr-bcaring alloys. A ductile-brittle-ductile transition occurred in the Cr-bearing alloys during isothermal aging below 510°C. This was due to the segregation of titanium and manganese to prior austenite grain boundaries and their subsequent desegregation into the matrix. The addition of chromium to the base alloy considerably improved its ductility after aging at 520°C. From microstructure and AES analyses, it is suggested that chromium addition augments the volume fractions of (Fe,Mn)₂Mo and η-Ni₃Ti precipitates in the Fe-5Mn-9Ni-5Mo-Cr alloys, which act as sinks of manganese and titanium in the matrices. This resulted in the reduction of the alloying elements concentration in the matrix, which is followed by the reduction in the segregation level of the elements at prior austenite grain boundaries, and consequently enhanced intergranular fracture strength. The optimum combination of strength and ductility was obtained in the Fe-5Mn-9Ni-5Mo-3Cr-l.5Ti alloy aged at 520°C for 2 hr. and was σ_{0 2}=1721 MPa, σ_LS=1756 MPa. and ε,= 10.2%.     

Formation of Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni Nanocrystalline Alloy with Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Phase Transition and Microstructure

In this paper, microstructure characteristics and phase transitions of Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni nanocrystalline alloy are comprehensively studied during the mechanical alloying and hot pressing sintering processes. Corrosion resistance of the sintered Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni nanocrystalline alloy samples is further analyzed. During the mechanical alloying process, Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni nanocrystalline alloy powders mainly composed of metastable ferrite phase are obtained after mechanical alloying for 8, 16 and 24 h, respectively. In the subsequent hot pressing sintering process, the phase transitions(from ferrite to austenite) occur from 650 to 750 °C for Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni alloy powders milled for 24 h. When the sintering temperature is raised to 1050 °C for 1 h, the ferrite phase has transformed into austenite phase completely, and the obtained grain size of sintered Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni alloy is around 40 nm. Electrochemistry test of the sintered Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni alloy has been operated in 0.5 mol L~(-1) H_2SO_4 solution to show the corrosion resistance properties. Results show that the sintered Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni alloy exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, which is proved by higher self-corrosion potential, lower self-corrosion current density and larger capacitive reactance, compared with that of commercial 304 stainless steel.