极低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭转归的影响因素分析

目的分析极低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)转归的影响因素。方法以2012年1月至2014年12月收治的194例极低出生体重儿为研究对象,根据心脏超声检查及治疗转归情况分为无PDA组,PDA自然关闭组、药物关闭组、手术关闭组,分析其临床及超声心动图特征。结果 PDA自然关闭率58.7%。自然关闭组的出生胎龄、出生体重、小于胎龄儿比例均大于药物和手术关闭组,药物及手术关闭组的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率及肺表面活性物质(PS)应用比例高于自然关闭组(P0.05)。不同时间段自然关闭组的动脉导管直径均明显小于药物和手术关闭组(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析示出生胎龄、PS应用及48 h动脉导管直径与PDA转归显著相关。自然关闭组PDA分流类型均以关闭型为主,而药物及手术关闭组在48 h以肺高压型及进展型为主,在4 d、7 d时均以进展型为主。结论极低出生体重儿PDA自然关闭率较高,出生胎龄越小以及应用PS的患儿自然关闭率越低;动脉导管直径越大且分流类型为进展型或脉冲型的PDA不易自然关闭。     

布洛芬治疗极低出生体质量儿动脉导管未闭效果的相关因素北大核心CSCD

目的探讨布洛芬治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭（PDA）的相关影响因素。方法对2013年1月至2015年12月在河南省人民医院新生儿科住院且出生体质量〈1 500 g的1 236例早产儿进行分析。于出生7 d行床边超声心动图检查,对发生PDA的早产儿排除口服布洛芬的禁忌证者入组。实际进入调查376例。予口服/鼻饲布洛芬治疗后72 h再次床边超声心动图检查了解PDA的关闭率,分析引起布洛芬治疗PDA失败的高危因素。结果单因素分析显示,小胎龄、低出生体质量、宫内窘迫、出生窒息病史、呼吸窘迫综合征、感染、呼吸支持、导管直径、导管两端压差、导管水平峰值流速等是引起PDA药物治疗失败的高危因素（均P〈0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示,呼吸窘迫综合征、感染、呼吸支持、导管直径、导管两端压差、导管水平峰值流速等是PDA发生的独立高危因素,胎龄和出生体质量为保护性因素。结论关注引起早产儿PDA药物治疗失败的高危因素,早期防治PDA可提高早产儿的存活率和生存质量。     

吲哚美辛治疗极低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭及相关因素分析

2000年9月至2003年12月,新加坡竹脚妇幼医院（KK Women＇s and Children＇s Hospital）用吲哚美辛治疗139例（极低出生体重儿ELBW）婴儿动脉导管未闭（PDA）,现分析如下。     

超声心动图检测动脉导管未闭对极低出生体重儿左室舒张功能多普勒参数的影响

目的 探讨动脉导管未闭(PDA)对极低出生体重儿左室舒张功能多普 勒参数的影响。方法 对21例极低出生体重儿于生后12-18 d行超声心动图检 查,其中13例动脉导管仍开放者为观察组,8例动脉导管已关闭者为对照组,比较两 组间二尖瓣血流频谱左室舒张功能参数。结果 观察组心脏指数较对照组显著增 高,分别为(4．8±0．6)L／(min·m2)和(4．1±0．6)L／(min·m2),P=0．030;观察组 E峰峰值速度、A峰峰值速度分别为(62．2±9．3)cm／s和(59．6±7．8)cm／s较对照 组分别为(51．4±10．7)cm／s和(40．3±4．6)cm／s显著增加(P=0．025,P=0．000); 观察组E峰减速时间、左室等容舒张时间分别为(59．3±6．0)ms和(49．3±6．6)ms 较对照组分别为(84．8±6．5)ms和(59．0±3．8)ms显著缩短(P=0．000,P= 0．001);E、A峰峰值速度的比值较对照组显著减小(分别为1．05±0．14和1．27± 0．21,P=0．009),但两组比值均>1;舒张早期充盈分数无显著性差异。结论 PDA 导致左心室前负荷增加,使极低出生体重儿生后左室舒张功能成熟延迟,并可引起左 房压的显著升高。     

吲哚美辛治疗超低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭260例临床研究

目的 研究分析吲哚美辛治疗超低出生体重(ELBW)儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)的效果及其不良反应,以评估其在ELBW儿中的应用疗效和安全性.方法 对1998～2004年住院的260例确诊存在有PDA并应用吲哚美辛治疗的ELBW儿进行回顾性分析.结果 吲哚美辛治疗一个疗程后,PDA的关闭率为60.8%,两个疗程后为72.7%;最终总有效率为74.2%.需要外科手术结扎关闭为20.0%.吲哚美辛治疗中主要的不良反应包括血钠下降(25.4%)、轻微的出血倾向(22.5%)、少尿(15.4%);极少部分患儿在治疗过程中出现疑似坏死性小肠结肠炎(2.0%)和颅内出血加重至3、4级(1.7%).结论 即使在发育极其未成熟的ELBW儿中,治疗性地静脉应用吲哚美辛对PDA仍然有良好的效果,且有较好的安全性和较少的不良反应.     

超声心动图检测动脉导管未闭对极低出生体重儿左室舒张功能多普勒参数的影响

目的探讨动脉导管未闭(PDA)对极低出生体重儿左室舒张功能多普勒参数的影响.方法对21例极低出生体重儿于生后12～18 d行超声心动图检查,其中13例动脉导管仍开放者为观察组,8例动脉导管已关闭者为对照组,比较两组间二尖瓣血流频谱左室舒张功能参数.结果观察组心脏指数较对照组显著增高,分别为(4.8±0.6)L/(min·m2)和(4.1±0.6)L/(min·m2),P=0.030;观察组E峰峰值速度、A峰峰值速度分别为(62.2±9.3)cm/s和(59.6±7.8)cm/s较对照组分别为(51.4±10.7)cm/s和(40.3±4.6)cm/s显著增加(P=0.025,P=0.000);观察组E峰减速时间、左室等容舒张时间分别为(59.3±6.0)ms和(49.3±6.6)ms较对照组分别为(84.8±6.5)ms和(59.0±3.8)ms显著缩短(P=0.000,P=0.001);E、A峰峰值速度的比值较对照组显著减小(分别为1.05±0.14和1.27±0.21,P=0.009),但两组比值均＞1;舒张早期充盈分数无显著性差异.结论PDA导致左心室前负荷增加,使极低出生体重儿生后左室舒张功能成熟延迟,并可引起左房压的显著升高.     

极低出生体重早产儿行动脉导管未闭床旁手术的可行性分析

目的探讨极低出生体重(very low birth weight,VLBW)早产儿在新生儿重症监护室(neonatel intensive care unit,NICU)行床旁动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)结扎术的必要性及有效性。方法回顾性分析14例行动脉导管未闭手术的极低出生体重早产儿的临床资料,根据手术地点分为NICU组(8例)和OR(operating room,普通手术室)组(6例),对两组患儿的胎龄、出生体重、围产期情况、术后相关并发症、住院天数等临床资料进行比较分析。结果两组出生胎龄、出生体重、围产期情况等一般资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后均无切口感染发生,但NICU组术后低体温发生率明显低于OR组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 NICU床旁PDA结扎术可降低极低出生体重早产儿PDA手术后低体温发生率,具备一定临床可行性。     

生后早期床旁心脏超声预测极低出生体重儿动脉导管持续开放的研究(英文翻译)

目的 探讨出生早期床旁心脏超声预测极低出生体重儿（very low birth weight infant,VLBWI）动脉导管持续开放的价值。 方法 回顾性选取2020年3月至2021年6月收治的51例VLBWI为研究对象,入院时日龄≤3 d并且住院时间≥14 d。根据出生14 d及28 d动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus,PDA）直径大小分为3组：大PDA组（PDA直径≥2 mm）、小PDA组（PDA直径<2 mm）和PDA关闭组（PDA直径=0 mm）,比较3组间生后72 h的心脏超声参数。采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评估生后72 h心脏超声参数预测生后14 d和28 d动脉导管持续开放（PDA直径≥2 mm）的价值。 结果 生后14 d时,大PDA组有17例,小PDA组11例,PDA关闭组23例;生后28 d时,大PDA组有14例,小PDA组9例,PDA关闭组26例。3组患儿间胎龄、出生体重、肺泡表面活性物质应用及低血压发生率的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。生后72 h的PDA直径、左肺动脉舒张末期流速、左心室输出量、左心室输出量/上腔静脉血流与生后14 d及28 d时动脉导管持续开放有关（P<0.05）;左心房/主动脉根部直径与生后28 d时动脉导管持续开放有关（P<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,生后72 h PDA直径预测生后14 d及28 d动脉导管持续开放的曲线下面积最大,分别为0.841和0.927;其次是左肺动脉舒张末期流速,其曲线下面积分别为0.793和0.833。 结论 生后72 h的床旁心脏超声指标,尤其是PDA直径及左肺动脉舒张末期流速,可预测VLBWI生后14 d和28 d动脉导管持续开放,为后续PDA早期目标性治疗策略的实施提供依据。     

口服布洛芬治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭的疗效

目的观察口服布洛芬治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效及安全性。方法发生症状性PDA的早产儿22例,出生体质量(1426.59±355.74)g,胎龄(29.95±2.53)周。用口服布洛芬混悬滴剂治疗,布洛芬10 mg/kg,共3次,间隔24 h。用药期间监测心率、血压、氧饱和度、血糖、尿量、胆红素、电解质。治疗结束后复查肾功能、血常规、超声心动图、头颅B超。结果经治疗14例(63.63%)PDA关闭,疗效与出生体质量有关,出生体质量≥1500 g疗效好于出生体质量<1500 g(P<0.05)。3例(13.64%)在PDA关闭后发生再开放。13例(59.10%)患儿用药后出现一过性少尿[尿量<1 mL/(kg.h)],均发生于第1次给药后;治疗前肌酐和尿素水平与治疗后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。血小板治疗前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。10例(45.56%)发生喂养不耐受,经减少喂养量或暂停喂养后均好转。结论口服布洛芬治疗早产儿PDA有一定疗效,且安全,使用方便,但尚需进行早产儿药代动力学研究及临床对照研究以明确其疗效,制定有效治疗方案。     

极低体质量儿口服布洛芬预防动脉导管未闭疗效及安全性

目的研究预防性口服布洛芬对极低体质量儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效及不良反应。方法将98例极低体质量儿随机分为2组,A组35例给予预防性口服布洛芬治疗;B组63例,其中28例经B超诊断为PDA后予以布洛芬,另35例未给予药物。分别比较各组PDA的关闭率及脑室内出血发生情况,观察药物的不良反应和对肺部、肾脏、消化系统等的影响。结果A组33例(95%)关闭,B组50例关闭(79.4%),A组PDA闭合率明显高于B组(P<0.05)。A组平均通气时间、最高平均压、慢性肺疾病的发生率及平均住院时间显著低于B组。两组脑室内出血及肾脏和消化道的不良反应无显著差异。结论极低体质量PDA患儿预防性使用布洛芬疗效优于治疗性使用,且可以减少肺部并发症,但须注意对肾功能的监测。     

Timing of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants北大核心CSCD

Objective To study the effect of timing of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the prognosis of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods The medical data of VLBWI who underwent transthoracic ligation for PDA from June 2018 to May 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The infants were divided into early ligation group (≤21 days of age) and late ligation group (>21 days of age) based on the age of ligation. The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative clinical features, complications, and mortality. The risk factors for early surgical ligation were analyzed. Results A total of 72 VLBWI were enrolled, with 19 infants (26%) in the early ligation group and 53 infants (74%) in the late ligation group. There were significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, weight at operation, days of age at operation, rates of preoperative invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, incidence rate of pulmonary hemorrhage, incidence rate of hypotension, preoperative PDA internal diameter (mm/kg), intraoperative PDA external diameter (mm/kg), incidence rate of post-ligation cardiac syndrome, and duration of postoperative invasive mechanical ventilation between the two groups (P<0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary hemorrhage was an indication of early surgical ligation of PDA (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of post-operative complications and the mortality rate between the early ligation and late ligation groups. Conclusions Early surgical ligation may be performed for VLBWI who are experiencing pulmonary hemorrhage and hemodynamically significant PDA confirmed by cardiac ultrasound after birth. However, post-ligation cardiac syndrome should attract enough attention. In addition, early surgical ligation of PDA does not increase the risk of surgery-related and long-term complications or death, indicating that it is a safe and feasible treatment option. © 2022 Central South University. All right reserved.     

Prophylactic ibuprofen therapy of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of ibuprofen in the prophylaxis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very preterm neonates and at detecting eventual side-effects. A total of 46 preterm neonates with gestational age under 31 weeks were randomly assigned at 2 h of life: 23 to the prophylaxis group and 23 to the control group. The prophylaxis group received intravenous treatment with ibuprofen lysine (10 mg/kg), followed by 5 mg/kg after 24 h and 48 h. No placebo was given to the control group. No PDA was demonstrated at 72 h of life in 20 of the 23 babies in the ibuprofen group (87%) nor in 7 of the 23 control neonates (30.4%). All neonates with PDA received treatment with indomethacin. One neonate in the prophylaxis group and three in the control group underwent surgical ligation. Prophylaxis with ibuprofen was not associated with any significant side-effect except for food intolerance. Conclusion Ibuprofen prophylaxis seems to be efficient in closing patent ductus arteriosus and in reducing indomethacin treatment. No significant early side-effects were found due to ibuprofen. Received: 1 April 1999 / Accepted: 30 November 1999     

早产儿动脉导管开放的处理

动脉导管开放(PDA)是早产儿常见病症,导致早产儿血流动力学不稳定,严重者可危及生命,应积极处理.药物关闭PDA仍是最有效、方便和经济的治疗方法,吲哚美辛一直是内科保守治疗的主要用药,PDA关闭率为46%～89%,但吲哚美辛有效血药浓度安全范围较窄,且可导致肾功能障碍、颅内出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎和肠穿孔等不良反应.近年国外采用布洛芬治疗早产儿PDA,取得较好疗效,关闭率为73.0%～95.5%,且对肾脏、脑及消化道血流动力学影响显著减少.药物治疗无效且严重影响心肺功能者可选择手术治疗.     

Elevated urinary NT-proBNP after pharmacological closure of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants

Background

Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) complicates the clinical course of preterm infants and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. NT-proBNP is indicative of the effects of hsPDA on clinical and cardiac status of patients.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of urinary NT-proBNP and NT-proBNP/creatinine ratio in follow-up of hsPDA.

Study design

Urinary NT-proBNP and NT-proBNP/creatinine ratio (UNBCR) were measured and correlated with the presence of hsPDA. Measurements were performed in 92 neonates on postnatal days 14 and 28 by ELISA methodology. Of 92 neonates, 22 required therapeutic interventions.

Results

Infants treated for hsPDA showed significant higher levels of urinary NT-proBNP and UNBCR on postnatal day 14 whereas similar results were determined on postnatal day 28. Cut-off level of NT-proBNP was 567 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 71%.

Conclusion

Our data showed that NT-proBNP and UNBCR levels as non-invasive and powerful methods in preterm infants may help clinicians to determine the effects of hsPDA on clinical and cardiac status of the patients even with first measurement on day 14.     

口服消炎痛和布洛芬治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭的比较

目的：静脉注射消炎痛是早产儿动脉导管未闭的常规治疗方法,但治疗过程中常出现一些副作用,如少尿、消化道出血、脑血流灌注减少。近年来,静脉注射布洛芬已用于治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭。布洛芬治疗不会减少脑血流灌注,也不会影响胃肠道和肾脏的血流动力学。伊朗目前尚无消炎痛和布洛芬的静脉制剂供应。该研究旨在比较这两种药的口服制剂治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭的疗效和安全性。方法：36例胎龄小于34周经超声心动图确诊患有动脉导管未闭的早产儿被随机分为两组,每组18人。一组给予消炎痛口服,每次0.2 mg/kg,24 h给药 1 次,共3次。另一组给予布洛芬口服,共 3 次,间隔时间为24 h,首剂为 10 mg/kg,随后两次各 5 mg/kg。用药后观察导管闭合率、副作用、并发症及临床过程。结果：用药后布洛芬组18例患儿动脉导管都闭合（100％）,而消炎痛组18例中有15例患儿动脉导管闭合（83.3%）（P＞0.05）。两组疗效差异统计学无显著性意义。治疗前后两组的血清尿素氮和肌酐含量差异也无显著性意义。消炎痛组发生了3例（16.6%）坏死性小肠结肠炎,布洛芬组则无,差异有显著性意义 (P＜0.05)。治疗1个月后两组成活率均为 94%（17／18）。消炎痛组1例死于坏死性小肠结肠炎,布洛芬组1例死于败血症。结论：口服布洛芬治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭和口服消炎痛治疗一样有效,而且坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率较口服消炎痛治疗低。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（5）：399-403］     

Factors affecting successful closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus with indomethacin in extremely low birth weight infants

Background  The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is high in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Indomethacin has been widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of hemodynamically significant PDA. This retrospective study was undertaken to identify factors such as birth weight, gestational age, gender, fetal growth retardation, ductal size, timing of the first dose of indomethacin and side effects of indomethacin, which may affect the successful closure of the PDA with indomethacin in ELBW infants. Methods  A cohort of 139 ELBW infants who had received indomethacin treatment for PDA during a consecutive period of more than three years (September 2000 to December 2003) was retrospectively analyzed. Results  Administration of indomethacin was associated with closure of PDA in 108 (77.7%) of 139 ELBW infants, and only 19.4% of infants required surgical ligation of the ductus eventually. There was no significant relationship between closure of PDA with gestational age, gender, fetal growth retardation, and ductal size. A higher birth weight and early use of indomethacin after birth could significantly increase the closure rate of PDA (P<0.05). Side effects of indomethacin such as transient oliguria and hyponatremia during indomethacin therapy did not affect PDA closure. Conclusions  Indomethacin is effective for the treatment of PDA in ELBW infants. A higher rate of ductal closure is related to the increase of birth weight. PDA closure with indomethacin is age-related, and early administration of indomethacin could increase PDA closure and reduce the incidence of hyponatremia. There is no significant difference in major morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after early treatment. Early screening for hemodynamically significant PDA in ELBW infants and early treatment with indomethacin are recommended.