藜蒿提取物抑菌作用的初步研究

采用榨汁、水提、醇提等 3种不同的方法 ,提取藜蒿中的抗菌有效成分。测定了各种提取物对 14种食品腐败菌的最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC) ,结果表明 :1.藜蒿汁的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 5% ,大肠杆菌为 2 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 50 % ,面包酵母为 5% ;2 .藜蒿水提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 .5% ,大肠杆菌为 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 5% ,面包酵母为 10 % ;3.黎蒿醇提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌均为 5% ,蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、面包酵母、黄曲霉均为 10 % ,产朊酵母、裂殖酵母、异常汉逊酵母、白地霉、桔青霉、镰刀霉均为 2 0 %     

黄花蒿的组织培养

TissueCultureofArtemisiaannuaLUOGui－Fen;HUHong;DUANJin－Yu(KunmingInstituteofBotany,TheChineseAcademyofSciences,kunming650204)1．植物名称黄花蒿（Artmisiaannua）。2材料类别种子、幼嫩顶芽及侧芽。3培养条件（1）种子：在低倍解剖镜下挑选饱满粒（种皮有光泽,呈黄灰色）。在75％酒精中过一下,置于1‰升汞中浸泡5min,然后用无菌水冲洗数次后播于无激素的MS培养基中。（2）幼芽：取幼嫩植株上的项芽及侧芽,经自来水冲洗后在75％酒精中消毒30S,再放入1％。升汞中10～15min,然后用无菌水冲洗数次后,接于MS＋6－…     

广西黄花蒿类型调查研究

本文报道广西黄花蒿类型调查结果。１）生长在石山上的黄花蒿类型植株长势比生长在平地、路边、土坡、房前屋后的类型差,且产量也较低。２）同一分布区内,生长在石山的黄花蒿类型,有效成分（青蒿素）含量明显高于生长在平地、路边的类型,前者比后者含量提高００３％～０２８％。     

黄花蒿生物学特性研究

本文报道在广西桂北地区人工裁培的黄花蒿的生物学特性包括物候期、生长特性、开花结果习性、抗逆性等的观察结果     

湖北产黄花蒿精油化学成分研究

湖北产黄花蒿鲜花香气强烈、独特。用气相色谱／质谱／计算机联用技术,气相色谱ＫＯＶＡＴＳ保留指数以及标样叠加等方法从其精油中鉴定了４７个化合物,占精油总量的９９．０８％,其中蒿酮、１,８－桉叶油素,樟脑,烯、β－蒎烯、丁香烯、后２甲－基－６－甲撑－３－辛二烯－２－醇、香桧烯、异龙脑为主要成分。     

黄花蒿繁殖技术研究

本文报道黄花蒿繁殖试验研究结果。种子繁殖于３月上旬以火土＋肥泥为播种基质可获得７１００％～９３３８％的发芽率;扦插繁殖于７～８月份采用顶部枝条作插穗,以火土为基质进行扦插可获得８６００％～９６００％的成活率。     

黄花蒿组织培养研究

目的：筛选黄花蒿组织培养的配方,以寻求黄花蒿生长的最佳自然条件。方法：在MS基本培养基中添加不同激素,制备不同培养配方,筛选黄花蒿愈伤组织诱导与分化的最适培养基配方。结果与结论：诱导黄花蒿愈伤组织形成的最佳培养基配方为MS＋6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）（2．0mg／L）＋激动素（KT）（2．0mg／L）;诱导黄花蒿愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基配方为MS＋6-BA（1．0mg／L）＋吲哚乙酸（IAA）（1．0mg／L）。叶片诱导愈伤组织出愈时间最慢,出愈率较低,但其愈伤组织为胚性愈伤组织,后期愈伤组织的分化率、出苗率都很高,且不易产生褐变;带腋芽的茎段诱导愈伤组织形成最快,但分化率不及叶片愈伤组织,易褐变,适于快速转入生根培养基中直接用于快繁;花序基本不形成肉眼可见愈伤组织,直接形成幼苗。     

加工方法对黄花蒿提取青蒿素含量的影响

通过对采收后的黄花蒿植株进行适当的处理及干燥温度和贮藏时间对比试验,采用HPLC法测定,探讨提高青蒿素含量的加工新方法。结果表明:整株立式阴晾一定时间后晒干的处理随着阴晾时间的增加青蒿素含量呈抛物线状变化,4～5d最高,达显著水平,之后逐渐下降;随着干燥温度的升高青蒿素含量呈下降趋势,40℃时叶片青蒿素含量较高;随着贮藏时间的延长青蒿素含量逐渐下降,贮藏100 d后下降明显。采收后整株立式阴晾4～5 d后再晒干方法能提高黄花蒿叶片的青蒿素含量。40℃的干燥温度能使叶片中青蒿素含量损耗较少。黄花蒿叶片的保质贮藏时间约90 d。     

武陵山区黄花蒿生长发育规律研究

为了解武陵山区黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)的生长特性,对其生长发育规律进行了研究。结果表明,黄花蒿的生长发育可划分为苗期、分枝初期、分枝盛期、蕾期、花期、种子成熟期。叶面积在分枝盛期增长最快,叶面积指数随着枝叶的生长呈直线上升。种子成熟期叶面积比呈总体降低的趋势。净同化率变化较小,分别在苗期和花期出现了两个小高峰。相对生长率变化较大,作物生长率在苗期和种子成熟期较低,分枝盛期较高。整个生长期干物质积累规律呈S曲线。6月下旬至8月下旬,黄花蒿生长进入分枝盛期,干物质积累速率加快,叶片产量迅速增加,此时期是黄花蒿叶片增产的关键时期,应注重氮磷钾肥的平衡施用。     

黄花蒿对4种受体植物的化感作用研究

采用室内生物测定法,以小麦、燕麦、黄瓜和萝卜为受体,研究了黄花蒿对受体植物的化感作用,结果显示:黄花蒿水浸提液对小麦、燕麦的化感综合效应(SE)为56.29、57.17;其地上部淋溶物对小麦和黄瓜表现为抑制作用,对燕麦和萝卜表现为促进作用;其茎叶挥发物对4种受体植物根长生长有较强的抑制作用;其残体分解物前10d对受体有很强的抑制作用,根系分泌物对小麦和燕麦抑制作用较强,对萝卜和黄瓜表现为促进作用。结果表明,黄花蒿5种不同途径来源的化感物质对4种受体植物都有不同程度的化感作用,且黄花蒿主要是通过地上部淋溶、挥发向环境中释放化感物质,其次是通过根系分泌物对授体植物产生化感作用。     

Chemical Characterization of Different Extracts from Artemisia annua and Their Antioxidant,Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae Family) is an important plant in Asia that has been used for treating different diseases, including fever due to malaria, wounds, tubercolisis, scabues, pain, convulsions, diabetes, and inflammation. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of different polarity extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70 %) and water) from A. annua against the burden of inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in colon tissue exposed to LPS. In parallel, chemical composition, antiradical, and enzyme inhibition effects against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases were evaluated. The water extract contained the highest content of the total phenolic with 34.59 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, while the hexane had the highest content of the total flavonoid (20.06 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract). In antioxidant assays, the polar extracts (ethanol, ethanol/water and water) exhibited stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities when compared to non-polar extracts. The hexane extract showed the best AChE, tyrosinase and glucosidase inhibitory effects. All extracts revealed effective anti-inflammatory agents, as demonstrated by the blunting effects on COX-2 and TNFα gene expression. These effects seemed to be not related to the only phenolic content. However, it is worthy of interest to highlight how the higher potency against LPS-induced gene expression was shown by the water extract ; thus suggesting a potential phytotherapy application in the management of clinical symptoms related to inflammatory colon diseases, although future in vivo studies are needed to confirm such in vitro and ex vivo observations.     

Activity of Artemisia annua and artemisinin derivatives,in prostate carcinoma

BackgroundArtemisia annua L, artemisinin and artesunate reveal profound activity not only against malaria, but also against cancer in vivo and clinical trials. Longitudinal observations on the efficacy of A. annua in patients are, however missing as of yet.MethodsClinical diagnosis was performed by imaging techniques (MRT, scintigraphy, SPECT/CT) and blood examinations of standard parameters from clinical chemistry. Immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor material was performed to determine the expression of several biomarkers (cycloxygenase-2 (COX2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), Ki-67, MYC, oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 (LOX1), p53, P-glycoprotein, transferrin receptor (TFR, CD71), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (CD31)). The immunohistochemical expression has been compared with the microarray-based mRNA expression of these markers in two prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC-3, DU-145).ResultsA patient with prostate carcinoma (pT3bN1M1, Gleason score 8 (4+4)) presented with a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level >800 µg/l. After short-term treatment with bacalitumide (50 mg/d for 14 days) and long-term oral treatment with A. annua capsules (continuously 5 × 50 mg/d), the PSA level dropped down to 0.98 µg/l. MRT, scintigraphy and SPECT/CT verified tumor remission. Seven months later, PSA and ostase levels increased, indicating tumor recurrence and skeletal metastases. Substituting A. annua capsules by artesunate injections (2 × 150 mg twice weekly i.v.) did not prohibit tumor recurrence. PSA and ostase levels rose to 1245 µg/l and 434 U/l, respectively, and MRT revealed progressive skeletal metastases, indicating that the tumor acquired resistance. The high expression of MYC, TFR, and VEGFC in the patient biopsy corresponded with high expression of these markers in the artemisinin-sensitive PC-3 cells compared to artemisinin-resistant DU-145 cells.ConclusionLong-term treatment with A. annua capsules combined with short-term bicalitumide treatment resulted in considerable regression of advanced metastasized prostate carcinoma. Controlled clinical trials are required to evaluate the clinical benefit of A. annua in prostate cancer.     

Biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua

The isotope ratios (³H:¹⁴C) in arteannuin B and artemisinin biosynthesized in Artemisia annua from [4R-³H₁,2-¹⁴C]-, [5-³H₂,2-¹⁴C]- and [2-³H₂,2-¹⁴C](3RS)- mevalonate have revealed that two specific 1,2-hydride shifts take place during the oxidation and lactonization of the germacrane skeleton to yield dihydrocostunolide. The gem-methyls of DMAPP retain their identity until the final steps of artemisinin biosynthesis. Arteannuin B is considered to be a late precursor of artemisinin and the following biosynthetic sequence is suggested: farnesylpyrophosphate → germacrane skeleton → dihydrocostunolide → cadinanolide → arteannuin B → artemisinin.     

Chemical Composition and Antipathogenic Activity of Artemisia annua Essential Oil from Romania

The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from Romanian Artemisia annua aerial parts was characterized by GC/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 94.64% of the total oil composition. The main components were camphor (17.74%), α‐pinene (9.66%), germacrene D (7.55%), 1,8‐cineole (7.24%), trans‐β‐caryophyllene (7.02%), and artemisia ketone (6.26%). The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was evaluated by determining the following parameters: minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC), and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Moreover, the soluble virulence factors were quantified with different biochemical substrates incorporated in the culture media. The reference and resistant, clinical strains proved to be susceptible to the A. annua oil, with MICs ranging from 0.51 to 16.33 mg/ml. The tested essential oil also showed good antibiofilm activity, inhibiting both the initial stage of the microbial cell adhesion to the inert substratum and the preformed mature biofilm. When used at subinhibitory concentrations, the essential oil proved to inhibit the phenotypic expression of five soluble virulence factors (hemolysins, gelatinase, DNase, lipases, and lecithinases). Briefly, the present results showed that the A. annua essential oil contained antimicrobial compounds with selective activity on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains as well as on yeast strains and which also interfere with the expression of cell‐associated and soluble virulence factors.     

赤楠叶不同极性提取物体外抗菌活性比较研究

对经过不同极性提取剂处理的赤楠叶提取物进行抗菌实验,结果表明：极性较大的提取剂所获得的提取物有较强的抗菌活性,其中水提物、水提醇沉物和醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、普通变形杆菌、八叠球菌等均有较强的抑菌活性,以水提物尤为突出。     

玉竹的不同溶剂提取物中化学成分的GC-MS对比分析

建立了采用气相色谱-质谱技术分析压竹的不同溶剂提取物中化学成分的方法.分别用石油醚、正己烷和乙酸乙酯浸泡萃取玉竹,然后将萃取液于25℃、0.015 MPa下减压蒸馏浓缩,并对石油醚和正己烷的浓缩提取物进行了GC-MS对比分析.实验结果表明,石油醚提取物中含有11种芳香族化合物和13种其它组分,它们占总出峰面积的81.33%,其中,甲苯和1,2-二甲苯为主要成分,含量分别达到了9.38%和13.38%.正己烷提取物中含有37.03%的柠檬油精(D-limonene),而石油醚提取物中未发现此柠檬油精(D-limonene),在正己烷提取物中确认了19种化合物,它们占总出峰面积的95.99%.乙酸乙酯不适合直接做浸泡萃取玉竹精油的提取溶剂.     

药用植物黄花蒿内生菌的研究进展

黄花蒿作为治疗疟疾最有效的中草药植物,同时还具有其他多种药用和农业生产价值。与其密切相关的内生菌资源已是目前研究的一大热点。总结整理了黄花蒿内生菌的研究现状,其应用主要集中在抗肿瘤抗氧化活性、抑菌活性、促进青蒿素的合成等方面。