微弧氧化时间对二氧化钛薄膜微观结构与性能的影响

为提高钛表面原位生长TiO2薄膜层的光催化活性,在恒定电流下,研究了微弧氧化时间对所得膜层光催化活性的影响.利用XRD、SEM和分光光度计研究了氧化膜的相组成、微观结构和光降解效率.结果表明:随氧化时间的延长,涂层表面微孔孔径增加,粗糙度和膜厚变大,微孔数量减少;微弧氧化膜主要由金红石型TiO2和锐钛矿型TiO2组成,随氧化时间的延长,金红石相所占比例逐渐增大;膜层具有较高的光催化活性,该能力主要取决于膜内锐钛矿型TiO2的含量,且随着光照时间的延长而提高,并最终趋于稳定.     

氧化时间对Ti6Al4V微弧氧化膜结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

在磷酸盐体系中采用恒压微弧氧化工艺对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金进行微弧氧化,研究了不同氧化时间对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、硬度、粗糙度以及物相生成的影响,并对不同氧化时间的膜层耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：随着微弧氧化时间的延长,氧化膜表面微孔径增大,膜层厚度与表面硬度值先增加后又降低,膜层由金红石、锐钛矿及钙磷化合物组成,且主晶相为钙磷化合物,金红石及钙磷化合物含量均随微弧氧化时间的延长而增加;微弧氧化膜层表面Ca/P摩尔比值为1.56,接近人体羟基磷灰石比值,O/Ti原子比值为2.0,膜层表面主要组成为TiO₂;微弧氧化膜层腐蚀电位逐渐减小,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。     

交流脉冲参数对TC4钛合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的影响

为了研究交流脉冲占空比和频率对微弧氧化膜的影响.采用恒电流方式对TC4钛合金进行微弧氧化,用扫描电镜和X衍射仪分析膜层的表面形貌及相结构.结果表明:随占空比的增大,微弧氧化膜层的生长速率增大,金红石相TiO2相对含量增加;随频率的增大,微弧氧化膜层的生长速率减小,表面趋于平整,锐钛矿相和金红石相TiO2相对含量与处理频率无关.     

氧化时间对Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

在磷酸盐体系中采用恒压微弧氧化工艺对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金进行微弧氧化,研究了不同氧化时间对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、硬度、粗糙度以及物相生成的影响,并对不同氧化时间的膜层耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着微弧氧化时间的延长,氧化膜表面微孔径增大,膜层厚度与表面硬度值先增加后又降低,膜层由金红石、锐钛矿及钙磷化合物组成,且主晶相为钙磷化合物,金红石及钙磷化合物含量均随微弧氧化时间的延长而增加;微弧氧化膜层表面Ca/P摩尔比值为1.56,接近人体羟基磷灰石比值,O/Ti原子比值为2.0,膜层表面主要组成为Ti O2;微弧氧化膜层腐蚀电位逐渐减小,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。     

医用钛合金的微弧氧化膜层组织及其磨损性能

采用微弧氧化方法对医用钛合金表面进行改性,利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌和化学成分进行分析,通过小振幅往复摩擦磨损试验测量膜层的耐磨损性能.结果表明:钛合金经过微弧氧化表面处理后,所得膜层存在不同尺寸的放电微孔,氧化膜内层相对外层较为致密;膜层主要由大量金红石型TiO2相、非晶相SiO2及少量锐钛矿型TiO2相组成;与基体相比,微弧氧化膜层的初期摩擦因数从0.7降低至0.1,耐磨性提高.     

Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化/Cr2O3复合膜的生长特征与摩擦学性能

在电解液中加入Cr2O3微粒,以共生沉积方式在Ti6Al4V表面制备微弧氧化/Cr2O3复合膜。利用SEM、XRD、EDS等研究复合膜的生长规律及Cr2O3微粒的沉积方式,通过摩擦试验分析不同生长阶段的复合膜的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:在0~30min内,复合膜呈近线性增长,之后生长速率明显变缓,膜层表面也出现了大块Cr2O3团聚体。复合膜主要由金红石TiO2、锐钛矿TiO2及Cr2O3相组成。随氧化时间的延长,锐钛矿TiO2逐渐减少,金红石TiO2含量先增加后趋于稳定,而Cr2O3的衍射峰一直增强,复合膜的耐磨性也先增后降;氧化20min时,复合膜的耐磨性最好,摩擦系数最小,仅为0.05~0.2。在微弧氧化过程中,Cr2O3微粒或直接吸附在熔融态的氧化膜表面,或被捕捉、锁定到氧化膜的表面微孔中;也有部分Cr2O3微粒被高温放电产生的熔融物裹覆并一起遇冷凝固到氧化膜中。     

氧化时间对钛表面微弧氧化膜层的影响

采用恒电流微弧氧化技术,在钛表面制得含HA的TiO2陶瓷膜,考察了氧化时间对氧化膜微观形貌、膜厚、相结构及耐体液腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随氧化时间增长,膜层表面多孔形貌变化明显,膜层厚度呈先增后降的趋势。氧化时间延长,膜层相组成由金红石、锐钛矿为主变为以羟基磷灰石为主。模拟体液极化曲线分析表明,微弧氧化膜的钝化行为随氧化时间延长而优异,但氧化时间超过20 min后,增大氧化时间对钝化效果的影响不再明显。     

梯度多孔Ti的微弧氧化研究

在硫酸电解液中对致密Ti和梯度多孔Ti样品进行微弧氧化研究。分析了孔隙特性、电流密度和电解液组成对微弧氧化过程中起始电压、击穿电压、起弧时间、氧化膜形貌和厚度的影响,并测量了微弧氧化膜的物相组成。结果表明:与致密Ti样品相比,梯度多孔Ti样品的起始电压和击穿电压提高、起弧时间延长,氧化膜层厚度增加。随着电流密度的增加,梯度多孔Ti微弧氧化反应剧烈,表面膜层的微孔直径增大,孔洞变小,膜层表面粗糙度增加,膜层变厚。当在硫酸电解液中加入少量硝酸镧后,微弧氧化起始电压和击穿电压提高、起弧时间延长,表面氧化膜的平均孔径从200nm增加到2μm左右,膜层厚度从27.6μm增加到35.6μm,膜层表面粗糙度增加。XRD分析表明,微弧氧化膜主要由Ti、锐钛矿TiO2和金红石TiO2相组成,其中以锐钛矿TiO2为主。     

磷酸盐系溶液中钛合金微弧氧化涂层生长与组织结构

采用常流脉冲控制方式于(NaPO3)6-NaF-NaAlO2溶液中用微弧氧化法在Ti6Al4V表面制备了陶瓷化涂层, 研究了涂层的生长过程及组织结构变化.结果表明: 氧化过程中涂层的生长经历了由快到慢的过程, 在前10min涂层以较快速度生长(约3μm/min), 随着时间的延长涂层生长速度逐渐减慢; 生长过程中涂层表面微孔数目减少, 微孔孔径增大, 涂层表面气孔率增大; 涂层主要由二氧化钛的两种不同变体(锐钛矿及金红石)以及磷化物相AlPO4组成; 随着氧化的进行, 锐钛矿含量降低, 金红石含量增加, 氧化过程中发生了锐钛矿相到金红石相的相转变; 结晶AlPO4相是通过水合多聚磷酸铝在放电区附近发生高温热解反应而进入涂层.     

脉冲能量对钛合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜性能的影响研究

微弧氧化是一种在钛合金基体表面制备致密均匀超硬氧化陶瓷膜层的新方法。从脉冲频率和占空比入手,研究了单脉冲放电能量对钛合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜厚度、表面形貌的影响。结果表明:当占空比固定不变时,随着频率的增加,单脉冲放电能量不断减小,氧化膜的厚度逐渐降低,显微硬度呈降低趋势,氧化膜表面的放电微孔尺寸逐渐减小,微孔数量逐渐增多;当脉冲频率固定不变时,随着占空比的增大,单脉冲放电能量不断增大,氧化陶瓷膜厚度逐渐增大,显微硬度呈增加趋势,氧化膜表面的放电微孔尺寸逐渐增大,微孔数量逐渐减少,表面粗糙度值逐渐增加。     

Influence of prior internal oxidation on the oxidation of dilute Co-Cr alloys in oxygen

The influence of an initial preinternal oxidation treatment in Co/CoO on the subsequent oxidation behavior of a series of dilute Co-Cr alloys (containing 0–1.5 wt. % Cr) in 10⁵ and 10³ Pa oxygen at 1473–1623 Khas been investigated. Particular emphasis has been placed on determining the solubility and mobility of Cr³⁺ ions in CoO. Use has been made of subsequent annealing in argon .     

氧化时间对ZL205A铝合金微弧氧化膜层的影响

在硅酸钠体系溶液中,研究了不同氧化时间对ZL_20_5A铝合金表面微弧氧化层表面形貌、厚度、元素分布及相组成的影响。结果表明,随氧化时间的增加,氧化膜表面微孔数量减少、孔径增大,膜层厚度不断增大;膜层中的Al、Si元素略有变化,O、P元素变化并不明显;氧化膜主要由α-Al_2O_3和Mullite(Al_6Si_2O_(13))组成,随着氧化时间的增加,膜层中的α-Al_2O_3和Mullite相含量不断提高,Mullite相主要由阳极反应中生成的Si O_2及Al_2O_3共同作用而产生。     

氧化时间及铬含量对Fe-Cr钢高温氧化行为的影响

为了测定不同氧化时间以及铬含量对高温条件下钢材表面氧化铁皮组织和厚度的影响,将Fe-5Cr钢与Fe-10Cr钢在1000 ℃空气条件下氧化60~180 min,采用增重法绘制其氧化动力学曲线,并利用光学显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对氧化铁皮的断面形貌和物相进行研究。结果表明,两试验钢氧化初期为“气-固”反应,中后期为“气相-氧化铁皮-固相”反应。两试验钢氧化铁皮结构均由外氧化层、内氧化层和内氧化区域组成。当氧化时间为180 min时,Fe-10Cr钢检测到了内氧化物Cr₂O₃。空气中氧元素向内扩散与基体中铬元素发生反应生成内氧化物Cr₂O₃,再与氧化铁皮层中的FeO发生固相反应生成尖晶石结构产物FeCr₂O₄。随着氧化时间的增加,由于内氧化物Cr₂O₃不断受到内氧化层的包裹而转为外氧化,内外氧化的转变使得基体不断被腐蚀,氧化铁皮厚度不断增加。     

Kinetics on oxidation process of MgAlON spinel

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Accelerated oxidation,internal oxidation,intergranular oxidation,and pesting of intermetallic compounds

The compounds MoSi₂, NiAl, and NbAl₃ all form protective oxide films, particularly at high temperatures where the diffusion of Si or Al is more rapid and, for the case of MoSi₂, the transient oxides evaporate. However, at low temperatures, all three can undergo accelerated oxidation. The mechanisms of degradation are unique to the particular compound although there are some similarities. The accelerated oxidation of MoSi₂ occurs at temperatures below 600°C by the rapid growth of Mo oxides which prevent development of a continuous silica film. Internal or intergranular oxidation does not occur. If the specimen contains cracks or pores, the rapid oxidation in these defects leads to fracture of the specimen or pesting. The accelerated oxidation of NiAl occurs at temperatures below 1000°C at reduced oxygen partial pressures as the result of internal oxidation and rapid intergranular oxidation. The intergranular oxidation does not lead to pesting. Special circumstances are required for the accelerated oxidation of NiAl as it does not appear to occur in flowing gases unless sulfur is present. The accelerated oxidation of NbAl₃ also occurs at temperatures less than 1000°C and at reduced oxygen partial pressures and takes the form of intergranular oxidation of Al. The intergranular oxidation results in pesting of NbAl₃. The phenomena of accelerated oxidation, internal oxidation, intergranular oxidation, and pesting have not been investigated in detail for most other intermetallic compounds but one or more of these phenomena seems to afflict most aluminides and silicides.     

Comparison of classical oxidation and laser oxidation of a chromium PVD coating on a pure-iron substrate

The oxidation of a chromium PVD coating on pure iron by a continuous 5-kW CO₂ laser beam in pure oxygen at 700°C for 20 min was compared with classical furnace oxidation. Laser oxidation induces faster oxidation kinetics, especially at the beginning of oxidation, without modifying the oxide nature (Cr₂O₃) and morphology. Oxygen-isotopic-exchange tests show that oxygen grain-boundary diffusion does not depend on the oxidation conditions, at least after 12 min oxidation. The effec of the laser treatment is discussed with respect to oxide nucleation, metastable-oxide formation, and oxide-formation-entropy evolution. The oxidation kinetics follow a parabolic law, and the oxide-growth mechanism was attributed to countercurrent oxygen and chromium diffusion along grain boundaries. Oxygen diffusion occurred by oxygen interstitials. The oxidation constant calculated from grain-boundary diffusion in the chromia scale is smaller than the experimental oxidation constant, suggesting the presence of particular short circuits (e.g., microcracks).     

Micro-arc oxidation coatings on Mg-Li alloys

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was used for the surface modification of an Mg-5wt.%Li alloy. Ceramic coatings were in-situ fabricated on the Mg-Li alloy. The morphology feature,phase composition,and corrosion-resistance of the formed ceramic coatings were studied by SEM,XRD,and electrochemical methods,respectively. The results showed that the coatings produced in a sodium silicate solution system were composed of MgO and Mg2SiO4. The ceramic coating became thicker and the content of Mg2SiO4 phase increase...     

Effect of Cr on oxidation of Ni-xAl alloy

The oxidation of the Ni-10Cr-xAl（x=7%, 10%, molar fraction） alloys was studied at 1 100℃ under 0.1 MPa 02 and compared with that of the binary Ni-7Al and Ni-10Al alloys. The results show that the binary alloys form NiO external scales associated with an internal oxidation of Al. On the contrary, the ternary Ni-10Cr-7Al and Ni-10Cr-10Al form external alumina scale in contact with the alloy substrate. An addition of 10%Cr（molar fraction） into Ni-7Al and Ni-10A1 inhibits the internal oxidation of aluminum and considerably reduces the critical content of A1 needed to form exclusive alumina scales with respect to binary Ni-Al alloy, providing an example of third-element effect.     

Effect of boronizing on the oxidation of niobium

Niobium (Nb) and its alloys are used in various industrial applications including metal processing, nuclear power generation and manufacturing of metallic superconductors and rocket nozzles. Although it is resistant to corrosion in several liquid media, Nb has a high oxidation rate in environments such as air at temperatures above 400 °C. In this study, the effect of the boronizing surface treatment on the morphology and structure of the oxide scales developed over Nb at 800–1000 °C, in air, was investigated. As-received Nb samples were observed to lose weight at and above 800 °C by the cracking, spallation and decohesion of thick Nb₂O₅ scales. However, oxide scales developed over the boronized samples at the same temperatures were comparatively protective for the metal. Based on the oxidation test results and characterization of the products, it is concluded that the positive effect of the boronizing surface treatment is due to the development of oxidation products including a liquid phase containing boron compounds.