三芳胺类空穴传输材料的合成及光电性能

以3,5-二甲基苯胺为原料与苯磺酸钠反应合成了3,5-二甲基二苯胺,研究了反应温度、时间以及反应物配比对收率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。再以3,5-二甲基二苯胺与4,4'-二碘联苯通过Ullmann缩合反应合成了空穴传输材料N,N′-双(3,5-二甲基苯基)-N,N′-二苯基-1,1′-联苯-4,4′-二胺,产品收率为82.24%,经提纯,产品纯度可达99.31%。对该化合物进行的光电测试结果表明,其具有优异的空穴传输性能。     

三芳胺类空穴传输材料结构与性能的关系

合成了一种苯二胺型三芳胺和5种联苯二胺型三芳胺化合物,通过对它们的紫外吸收光谱和光电性能数据的分析,系统地研究了三芳胺类化合物结构对其紫外吸收光谱和光电性能的影响。研究结果表明,三芳胺化合物的结构类型、取代基的性质、个数和位置对其光电性能均有不同程度的影响。当化合物中含有吸电基时空穴传输效率较高。     

有机电致发光空穴传输材料的合成

有机电致发光中空穴传输材料对整个器件的性能有重要作用。系统地综述了空穴传输材料的研究现状,包括Ullmann偶合法、钯催化法、格氏反应、Suzuki偶合等。同时对合成的空穴传输材料的特性进行了简述。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池中D-A-D型空穴传输材料的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite Solar Cells, PSCs)作为一种新型太阳能电池,由于其短时间内快速提升的光电转换效率而获得了全世界范围内的广泛关注。空穴传输材料(Hole Transporting Materials, HTM)是钙钛矿太阳能电池的重要组成部分,因此,设计开发经济、高效、稳定的HTM对PSCs的发展具有重要意义。本文综述了2009年以来线型给体-受体-给体(Donor-Acceptor-Donor, D-A-D)结构有机小分子空穴传输材料在PSCs中的应用,详细介绍了各空穴传输材料分子结构对PSCs的光电转换效率和器件稳定性等性能的影响。在此基础上,对未来线型D-A-D型空穴传输材料的发展进行了展望。     

钙钛矿太阳能电池中D-A-D型空穴传输材料的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)由于具有快速提升的光电转换效率、制备成本低、可溶液加工等优点而获得了广泛关注.空穴传输材料(HTM)负责空穴抽取和防止电荷复合,可提高PSCs的效率和稳定性,是PSCs中的重要组成部分.线型给体-受体-给体(D-A-D)结构的有机小分子空穴传输材料的结构简单,合成难度低.另外,吸电子单元的引...     

空穴传输材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)作为一种新兴高效率光伏电池得到了飞速的发展。作为PSCs中的重要组成部分之一,空穴传输层(HTL)起到促进空穴传输和阻挡电子迁移的作用,同时也影响着器件的光电性能、稳定性和生产成本。因此,寻找成本低廉、空穴迁移率高的空穴传输材料就显得尤为重要。本文将空穴传输材料划分为有机和无机材料两大类,综述了其在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用,并重点介绍了基于这些空穴传输材料的电池的光伏性能。     

新型咔唑类空穴传输材料的合成与光电化学性能研究

以4,4’-二溴联苯为起始原料,经硝化、还原闭环、烷基化和Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应,合成了目标化合物,通过NMR、IR和MS表征了化合物的结构,经DSC-TG、UV、荧光光谱分析和循环伏安法研究了目标化合物的热稳定性、光学及电化学性能。     

有机光导体空穴传输材料的性能表征

用多种空穴传输材料制备了光导器件,测定了他们的光电特性。从界面传输势垒角度分析了传输材料的氧化还原电位对光导体量子效率的影响,并通过实验进行了验证。用分子力学方法计算了一些空穴传输材料的偶极矩,对同一系列的传输材料,理论计算的偶极矩与氧化还原电位相关。     

黑卟啉无掺杂空穴传输材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池上的应用

制备高空穴迁移率的空穴传输材料对钙钛矿太阳能电池的商业化应用具有重要意义.合成了一种热稳定性好、对可见光谱全吸收的黑卟啉分子5,10,15,20-四[3,5-二(叔丁基)苯基]-β,β'-四萘醌[6,7-g]锌卟啉(T1),通过UV-Vis、循环伏安、SEM、TGA考察了T1的光物理性质、电化学、热稳定性能及成膜性.结...     

无机空穴传输材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

钙钛矿太阳能电池具有光电转换效率高、结构简单、成本低廉、有大规模商业化应用潜力等优势,是近年来光伏领域的研究热点。空穴传输材料具有传输空穴和阻挡电子的双重作用,是影响钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的重要因素。本文介绍了空穴传输材料的作用方式和主要类别,总结了无机空穴传输材料的种类、特点及在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用,并分析了其对太阳能电池光电性能的影响。     

Sulfides as a new class of stable cost-effective materials compared to organic/inorganic hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received a remarkable attention compared to the other types of solar cells due to their high carrier mobility, low recombination rate, and rapid increase in terms of efficiency in short time. However, two essential parameters being stability and cost are still challenging with these kinds of solar cells. Hole transport materials (HTMs) play an important role in PSCs as they can be effective in the charge transportation, determining the device stability and having a large share of cell costs, and overall resulting in the enhancement of open-circuit voltage (V_oc), short-circuit current (J_sc), and fill factor (FF). In addition to the organic HTMs which are widely used in PSCs, various inorganic HTMs mainly divided into the oxide and sulfide subgroups, have been developed in order to improve both stability and cost of PSCs. Herein, we provide an overview of the diverse types of HTMs, from organic to inorganic, especially oxide and sulfide inorganic HTMs and investigate the physical properties, synthesis, and their applications in various PSCs for both mesoporous and planar structure in the hope of encouraging further research and the optimization of these materials.     

Dopant-free small molecule hole transport materials based on triphenylamine derivatives for perovskite solar cells

In the past decade, perovskite solar cells have become a promising candidate in the photovoltaic industry owing to their high power conversion efficiency that surpasses 25%. However, there are certain limitations that have hindered the development and full-scale practical application of these cells, including the high cost and degradation of perovskite caused by the dopants. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop dopant-free hole transport materials (HTMs). In recent years, HTMs based on triphenylamine (TPA-HTMs) are receiving growing interest owing to their high hole mobility, excellent film formation, and suitable energy levels. The literature here covers work relevant to TPA-HTMs in the last five years. They have been classified according to different core types. The correlations between performance and structure are summarized, and the future development trend of TPA-HTMs is highlighted.     

新型蒽基二胺类空穴传输材料的合成和性能研究

以9,10-二溴蒽和芳基二胺为原料,在叔丁醇钠、Pd(OAc)2/P(t-Bu)3催化体系下合成了4种蒽基二胺衍生物。研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂量比的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:以无水二甲苯为溶剂回流反应3 h,Pd(OAc)2∶P(t-Bu)3=1∶1.2(物质的量比),n(P(t-Bu)3)∶n(二溴蒽)为0.48%;元素分析、GC-MS1、HNMR等表征了结构;DSC(差示扫描量热仪)测定了其玻璃化转变温度和熔点,结果显示它们均具有良好的热稳定性。     

OLED材料中间体的纯化方法研究

采用蒸发结晶法即浓度梯度结晶法来纯化处理OLED材料,在处理过程中解决存在的问题:①如蒸发速度控制困难,传统的方法是加热蒸发溶剂或同时负压抽溶剂,蒸发速度得不到准确控制,若采用通氮气流来把溶剂蒸气带走,则可通过调节氮气流大小来控制蒸发速度;②晶体粘结现象,由于单一溶剂中析出的晶体下沉或漂浮在一起,容易结块;若采用混合溶剂,在蒸发过程中,溶剂密度会有改变,则可减小晶体之间的挤压力,减轻晶体粘结程度;③温度波动对晶体透明度和含量都有影响,采用恒温结晶可大大改善这种现象。实验证明,此纯化路线可行。     

Evolutionary computing approach for evaluating flory distribution curves in gel permeation chromatography: Study of the poly(1‐octene) system

We carried out deconvolution of the molecular weight distribution curves from gel permeation chromatography for polyolefins into individual active sites considering Flory distribution by an evolutionary‐computing‐based real‐coded genetic algorithm, a nonlinear multivariate optimization algorithm. We applied the deconvolution to homopolymers of 1‐octene synthesized using heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts with different amounts of hydrogen. The molecular weight distribution was deconvoluted in to five Flory distributions, which showed a sensitivity to hydrogen amounts. With no hydrogen presence, the peaks corresponding to high‐molecular‐weight fractions were intense. As the amount of hydrogen was increased, not only did the intensities of the high‐molecular‐weight peaks decrease, but also peaks corresponding to low‐molecular‐weight fractions were observed. The method allowed us to determine the active site distribution of the polymer molecular weight distribution obtained from gel permeation chromatography. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Pd(OAc)_2/P(t-Bu)_3催化合成空穴传输材料APB的研究

以二苯基联苯二胺(DPB)和9-溴蒽为原料,在叔丁醇钠强碱环境下,以Pd(OAc)2/P(t-Bu)3为催化剂合成了新型空穴传输材料N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-二蒽基-1,1’-联苯-4,4’-二胺(APB)。得到优化的催化反应条件为:以二甲苯为溶剂在130~138℃回流反应3 h,Pd(OAc)2∶P(t-Bu)3=1∶1.2(摩尔比),P(t-Bu)3/9-溴蒽=0.24%;经元素分析、GC-MS、1H NMR等表征了结构;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析结果显示其熔点为324℃,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis,characterization, and antimicrobial activity of acrylic copolymers

2,4‐Dichlorophenyl methacrylate (2,4‐DMA) and vinyl acetate (VAc) were copolymerized with different feed ratios using dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a solvent and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator at 70°C. The copolymers were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Copolymer compositions were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated by the Fineman–Ross method. Average molecular weight and polydispersity index were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the intrinsic viscosities of polymers were also discussed. Thermogravimetric analyses of polymers were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere. The homo‐ and copolymers were tested for their antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 895–900, 2003     

Some considerations on mechanical testing methods of rubbery materials using nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper discusses experimental test methods for the purpose of defining the nonlinear properties of rubbery materials used for finite element analysis. The typical tests are simple tension, simple compression and pure shear tests. It has been found in the simple tension test that a narrow strip specimen whose length is 10 times longer than the width can be used more appropriately than a dumbbell type specimen. In order to eliminate the effect of friction between the specimen and the platens in the compression test, a tapered platen is suggested. The effect of the tapered platens is verified by experimental and finite element analysis. In a shear test, it has been shown that the specimen width must be at least 10 times larger than the height of the specimen. The mechanical preconditioning has significant effects on the prediction of the behaviours of rubbery materials and components. The static stiffness of an automotive engine mount is calculated by nonlinear finite element analysis using the experimentally determined material properties and is compared with experimental results that take into account the mechanical preconditioning effect, resulting in a good correlation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Development of a fast drying hybrid lacquer in a low‐relative‐humidity environment based on kurome lacquer sap

Hybrid lacquers that dry quickly in a low‐relative‐humidity environment were synthesized with the repeated kurome lacquer process and an organic silicone compound. An investigation by gel permeation chromatography showed that fractions with different molecular weights showed a lower monomer concentration than the pure kurome lacquer. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the hybrid lacquers revealed that absorption due to the ether of the quinone olefin and/or dibenzofuran appeared around 1470 and 1080 cm^?1 and increased with the number of drying days. The gel fractions in the lacquer films increased according to the number of drying days, and this showed that the hybrid lacquers had higher gel fractions than the pure kurome lacquer in the initial stage of dryness. In addition, the drying mechanism of the hybrid lacquers was analyzed with an automatic drying time recorder and rigid‐body pendulum physical property testing measurements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1055–1061, 2005     

玻璃原料水分含量分析误差的实验研究

对玻璃原料的水分含量测定方法进行了试验,用数理统计法对试验误差进行了分析,提出了合理的分析误差标准,对于原料生产、商务贸易以及玻璃配料控制均具有指导意义.