钴离子掺杂聚多巴胺/聚苯乙烯复合材料

为实现多巴胺的高效聚合,将Co~(2+)引入多巴胺反应体系中,Co~(2+)的催化作用实现了多巴胺的快速聚合。在聚苯乙烯(PS)微球上黏附聚多巴胺(PDA),与不加金属离子的反应相比,当添加的CoCl_2·6H_2O对多巴胺的物质的量分数为40%时,得到相同PDA含量的复合微球的反应时间可以从16 h缩短至1 h,并且复合微球中PDA以及Co含量随着CoCl_2·6H_2O添加量的增加以及反应时间的延长而增加。复合微球粉末经过热压得到的复合材料具有三维网络结构,Co~(2+)的加入使得PDA与PS具有更好的相容性。PDA·Co/PS复合材料的热性能和力学性能比PDA/PS有更多的提升。     

聚苯乙烯溶液接枝改性研究

研究了丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、聚苯乙烯(PS)的二甲苯溶液,以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂制备聚苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯接枝物的溶液接枝反应.讨论了接枝对聚苯乙烯性能的影响以及反应单体浓度、引发剂用量等因素对接枝率的影响.     

聚苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯乳液改性水泥砂浆的性能及微观结构分析

合成了聚苯乙烯(PS)接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)乳液(PS-g-PBA),并将其用于改性水泥砂浆,考察了PS-g-PBA乳液含量及PS与PBA的质量比对改性水泥砂浆的减水率、流动度、力学性能以及毛细孔吸水率的影响.结果表明,3种水泥改性剂的减水效果优异,减水率的极大值为56.7％,改性水泥砂浆的毛细孔吸水率下降明显,其...     

增韧剂BE/BA/PCC对聚苯乙烯力学性能的影响

研究了增韧剂BE/BA/PCC中非离子表面活性剂(BE)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)及纳米碳酸钙(PCC)的比例及其在苯乙烯聚合后期的添加量对生成的聚苯乙烯(PS)的力学性能的影响。发现增韧剂的原料质量比BE/BA/PCC为1∶4∶95,添加量为苯乙烯聚合物(改性PS树脂)的5%时,改性PS树脂的力学性能最好。     

PS/CF复合粉末激光选区烧结工艺研究

为提高聚苯乙烯粉末烧结件的强度,制备了聚苯乙烯/碳纤维(PS/CF)复合粉末,采用正交实验方法研究了不同工艺参数对PS/CF复合粉末SLS烧结件弯曲强度的影响,确定了最优工艺参数。结果表明,复合粉末试样的弯曲强度最高可达7.49 MPa,比纯PS粉提高2.88倍;弯曲强度随扫描速度和层厚的增大而减小,随预热温度的增加而增大;PS/CF复合粉末的最优工艺参数为扫描速度1 800 mm/s,预热温度85℃,层厚0.18 mm。     

聚苯乙烯/还原氧化石墨烯核壳微球的制备及性能表征

以阳离子聚苯乙烯微球(PS)为核,氧化石墨烯(GO)和PS之间通过静电和π-π作用力进行静电自组装,制备得到聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯核壳微球(PS/GO),然后采用氢碘酸(HI)进行还原得到聚苯乙烯/还原氧化石墨烯核壳微球(PS/rGO),采用XRD、SEM、TEM对PS/GO和PS/rGO进行了结构表征。探究了自组装过程条件,例如分散形式(搅拌或超声)、反应时间、GO质量浓度对核壳微球形貌的影响。对不同壳层还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)厚度的PS/rGO复合材料进行了导电性能和热稳定性测试,结果表明,改变壳层rGO的含量,会直接影响复合材料的导电和热性能。由于PS/rGO具有独特的核壳结构,其导电性能和热稳定性相比PS有所提高,电子电阻从PS的17.3Ω降到PS/rGO[m(PS)∶m(rGO)=50∶1]的8.3Ω,PS/rGO的起始热分解温度提高近120℃。     

聚苯乙烯/还原氧化石墨烯核壳微球的制备及表征

以阳离子聚苯乙烯微球(PS)为核,氧化石墨烯(GO)和PS之间通过静电和π-π作用力进行静电自组装,制备得到聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯核壳微球(PS/GO),然后采用氢碘酸(HI)进行还原得到聚苯乙烯/还原氧化石墨烯核壳微球(PS/rGO),采用XRD、SEM、TEM对PS/GO和PS/rGO进行了结构表征。探究了自组装过程条件,例如分散形式(搅拌或超声)、反应时间、GO质量浓度对核壳微球形貌的影响。对不同壳层还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)厚度的PS/rGO复合材料进行了导电性能和热稳定性测试,结果表明,改变壳层rGO的含量,会直接影响复合材料的导电和热性能。由于PS/rGO具有独特的核壳结构,其导电性能和热稳定性相比PS有所提高,电子电阻从PS的17.3Ω降到PS/rGO[m(PS)∶m(rGO)=50∶1]的8.3Ω,PS/rGO的起始热分解温度提高近120℃。     

不同结构聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的熔体流动行为研究

分别将聚苯乙烯树脂(PS)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)和有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)通过熔融复合制备纳米黏土改性的复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)对复合材料的微观结构进行了分析,采用HAAKE流变仪和熔体流动速率仪研究了复合材料的熔体流动行为。结果表明,Na-MMT在与PS熔融复合前后,其片层间距没有发生变化,PS分子链没有插入蒙脱土片层之间,所形成的是一种填充型复合材料。OMMT在熔融复合后,片层间距显著增大,与PS分子链形成了插层复合结构。蒙脱土含量相同时,PS/Na-MMT复合体系的熔体流动性能比PS/OMMT体系更好。研究认为,熔融复合过程中PS分子链的断链和2种复合材料结构上的差异是影响2种材料流动性能的主要因素。     

聚苯乙烯/无机粒子(核/壳)复合微球的制备与研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚苯乙烯(PS)/无机粒子(核/壳)复合微球的制备方法,如化学沉积法、静电自组装法和化学镀法等,简述了PS/无机粒子(核/壳)复合微球的优异性能及其应用,展望了PS/无机粒子(核/壳)复合微球的发展前景。     

改性坡缕石/聚苯乙烯阻燃复合材料制备及性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备改性坡缕石/聚苯乙烯复合阻燃材料(Ps-hat)。结果表明,改性坡缕石的加入可有效改善聚苯乙烯的热稳定性、阻燃性能和力学性能。添加10%的改性坡缕石/聚苯乙烯复合阻燃材料(Ps-hat(10))的热释放速率为651W/g,总热释放量为42 060 J/g,较纯聚苯乙烯(PS)的热释放速率(763W/g)和总热释放量(48 320 J/g)均有明显下降;Ps-hat(10)在800℃下残炭剩余量16%,高于纯PS残碳剩余量;Ps-hat(10)比纯PS应力提高13.8%,具有较好的力学性能。     

Synthesis of polystyrene/poly(butyl acrylate) core–shell latex and its surface morphology

A polystyrene (PS)/poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) composite emulsion was produced by seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with PS seed particles which were prepared by emulsifier‐free polymerization of styrene with potassium persulfate (KPS) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 70°C for 24 h with stirring at 60 rpm and swelled with the BA monomer in an ethanol/water medium. The structure of the PS/PBA composite particles was confirmed by the presence of the characteristic absorption band attributed to PS and PBA from FTIR spectra. The particles for pure PS and PS/PBA with a low content of the BA monomer were almost spherical and regular. As the BA monomer content was increased, the particle size of the PS/PBA composite particles became larger, and more golf ball‐like particles were produced. The surface morphology of the PS/PBA composite particles was investigated by AFM and SEM. The T_g's attributed to PS and PBA in the PS/PBA composite particles were found at 110 and ?49°C, respectively. The thermal degradation of the pure PS and PS/PBA composite particles occurred in one and two steps, respectively. With an increasing amount of PBA, the initial thermal decomposition temperature increased. On the contrary the residual weight at 450°C decreased with an increasing amount of PBA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 595–601, 2003     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(butyl acrylate)/silica and poly(butyl acrylate)/silica/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite particles

Poly(butyl acrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBA/PMMA) core–shell particles embedded with nanometer‐sized silica particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of silica particles preabsorbed with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AIBA) initiator and subsequent MMA emulsion polymerization in the presence of PBA/silica composite particles. The morphologies of the resulting PBA/silica and PBA/silica/PMMA composite particles were characterized, which showed that AIBA could be absorbed effectively onto silica particles when the pH of the dispersion medium was greater than the isoelectric potential point of silica. The critical amount of AIBA added to have stable dispersion of silica particles increased as the pH of the dispersion medium increased. PBA/silica composite particles prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization using silica preabsorbed with AIBA showed higher silica absorption efficiency than did the PBA/silica composite particles prepared by direct mixing of PBA latex and silica dispersion or by emulsion polymerization in which AIBA was added after the mixing of BA and silica. The PBA/silica composite particles exhibited a raspberrylike morphology, with silica particles “adhered” to the surfaces of the PBA particles, whereas the PBA/silica/PMMA composite latex particles exhibited a sandwich morphology, with silica particles mainly at the interface between the PBA core and the PMMA shell. Subsequently, the PBA/silica/PMMA composite latex obtained had a narrow particle size distribution and good dispersion stability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3425–3432, 2006     

Morphology,thermal property,and mechanical property of core–shell latex polymers. I. Effect of heating and pressuring on PBA/PS linear composite polymer

In this work, butyl acrylate and styrene were used as monomers in the first stage and second stage of polymerization, respectively, and potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) was used as the initiator to synthesize the poly(butyl acrylate)–polystyrene (PBA/PS) composite latex by the method of two-stage soapless emulsion polymerization. The morphology of the latex particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that the composite latex particles had a core–shell structure. The particle-size distribution of the composite latex was very uniform. A thin layer of a PBA-graft-PS copolymer was formed in between the core (PBA) and shell (PS) regions, which thus increased the compatibility between the PBA and PS phases. The process of heating and pressuring influenced the morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the PBA/PS composite polymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 13–23, 1998     

Morphology of composite polymer emulsion particles consisting of two kinds of polymers between which ionic bonding intermolecular interaction operates

The morphology of particles (I) produced by seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene (S) and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (NaSS) with butyl acrylate (BA)-methacryloyloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (QDM) copolymer particles as seed was examined in comparison with poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA)-polystyrene (PS) composite polymer emulsion particles (II). In an electron microscopic observation, it was observed that II particles had an anomalous shape and the electron densities at different points in the particle were heterogeneous, whereas I particles had an almost spherical shape and the electron densities were homogeneous. The maximum tensile strength and toughnes were much larger in II than I. The dynamic mechanical studies indicate that II film had a macroheterogeneous structure consisting of PS-rich and PBA-rich phases, whereas I film had a microheterogeneous structure. These ressults suggest that there is an effect of intermolecular interaction between polymers of different kinds on the formation of heterogeneous structure in particles consisting of two kinds of polymers.     

羧酸盐/磺酸盐复合型WPU胶黏剂的制备与表征

在以丙酮法合成固含量约为50%的磺酸盐WPU乳液胶黏剂的研究基础上,以羧酸盐改性磺酸盐WPU乳液胶黏剂制备复合型胶黏剂,研究了羧酸盐改性对磺酸盐型WPU胶黏剂性能的影响。结果表明,当DMPA用量1.6%,A95用量1.8%,聚酯多元醇中n(PBA2000)/n(PBA3000)为4/6,多异氰酸酯中n(HDI)/n(IPDI)为4/6时,WPU乳液黏度适中,分散稳定,耐水性良好,力学性能及粘接性能优异。红外光谱分析表明,成功合成了复合型WPU;DSC分析表明复合型WPU熔融温度约为48.03 ℃,磺酸盐WPU熔融温度为45.52 ℃,复合型WPU成峰面积更大,结晶性能更优;TEM分析显示,两种WPU乳液粒子均呈球形,均匀分散,粒径分布分析显示复合型WPU乳液粒径分布较磺酸盐WPU乳液更宽;GPC分析表明两种WPU分子量接近,改性对相对分子质量的影响不大;TGA分析表明550 ℃时到达热分解终点,磺酸盐WPU耐热性能稍占优势;综合性能分析结果显示两种胶黏剂都显示出良好的耐热性,力学性能及粘接性能方面,复合型WPU乳液胶黏剂明显有较大提高,同时其性能相比传统方法合成的羧酸/磺酸盐WPU也有较大提高。     

Effects of compatibilizing agents in poly(n-butyl acrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite latexes

Graft copolymers with poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) backbones and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macromonomer side chains are used as compatibilizing agents for PBA/PMMA composite latexes. The composite latexes are prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of PBA particles. Graft copolymers were already incorporated into the PBA particles prior to using these particles as seed via miniemulsion (co)polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of the macromonomers. Comparison between size averages of composite and seed particles indicates no secondary nucleation of MMA during seeded emulsion polymerization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of composite particles show the dependence of particle morphologies with the amount of macromonomer (i.e., mole ratio of macromonomer to BA and molecular weight of macromonomer) in seed latex. The more uniform coverage with the higher amount of macromonomer suggests that graft copolymers decrease the interfacial tension between core and shell layers in the composite particles. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composite latex films indicates the existence of an interphase region between PBA and PMMA. The dynamic mechanical properties of these films are related to the morphology of the composite particles, the arrangement of phases in the films, and the volume of the interphase polymer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Grafting behavior of n-butyl acrylate onto poly(butadiene-co-styrene) latexes

The radical-induced grafting of n-butyl acrylate (BA) onto poly(butadiene-co-styrene) [(P(Bd-S)] latexes during seeded emulsion polymerization was studied. This P(Bd-S)/PBA rubber/rubber core/shell latex system exhibited unique grafting behavior as compared to other extensively studied rubber/glass core/shell latex systems, such as poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) [P(Bd-S)/PMMA], poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/polystyrene [P(Bd-S)/PS] and poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/poly(acrylonitrile)[P(Bd-S)/PAN]. These composite latexes were characterized by the formation of a highly grafted/crosslinked P(Bd-S)/PBA interphase zone generated during the seeded emulsion polymerization process. Although both of the individual core and shell polymers studied were “soft” themselves, the resulting P(Bd-S)/PBA composite latex particles were found to be rather “hard.” The formation of the interphase zone was studied by using techniques such as solvent extraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:511–523, 1997     

Facile method to prepare Pd/Polystyrene composite microspheres and investigation on their catalytic properties

Nano-sized Pd/polystyrene composite nanoparticles were prepared via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. The as-prepared composite particles were used as a catalyst for Suzuki reaction, and they showed excellent catalytic properties in the conversion and recyclability. First, polystyrene (PS) latex particles bearing carboxyl groups on the surfaces were synthesized via one-stage surfactant-free emulsion polymerization employing acrylic acid as the functional monomer. Thus, made the PS particles negatively charged and could attract positively charged Pd²⁺ ions. By adding PdCl₂ solution to this functional polystyrene emulsion, Pd²⁺ ions were attached to the surfaces and reduced to zero valent particles by the reducing agent, NaBH₄. Nano-sized Pd/PS composite particles could be synthesized via this facile method. The amount of the functional monomers, the Pd²⁺ content and the amount of the initiator played important roles to the final morphologies of the composite particles. The resulting composite microspheres were observed by TEM. Furthermore, catalytic properties of the as-prepared Pd/PS composite particles were studied via Suzuki reaction, and the results were characterized by FTIR and ¹H-NMR. The Pd/PS composite particles showed excellent conversion and could be recycled easily for reuse. After each round of Suzuki reaction, the Pd/PS composite particles could be separated just by filtration, the conversion still remained as high as 70.2?%, even when used 5 times.     

Effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of polystyrene and poly(butyl acrylate) core/shell polymers

The effects of particle size and polymer location (core or shell) on the mechanical properties of core/shell materials composed of polystyrene (PST) and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) made by a two-stage emulsion or microemulsion polymerization process are reported. Low-seed content (LSC) latexes were made by batch polymerization in microemulsions stabilized with DTAB in the presence of an organic salt (dibutyl phosphite). High-seed content (HSC) latexes were produced by microemulsion or emulsion polymerization in semi-continuous process. These latexes were subsequently used to form core/shell particles of PST/PBA or PBA/PST and their mechanical properties were examined and compared. Our results indicate that core/shell particle size and the location of the polymers have important effects on the mechanical properties.     

浓乳液双相聚合制备聚丙烯酸丁酯粒子及其对聚氯乙烯的改性研究

用浓乳液双相法合成PBA，通过在合成过程中添加不同用量的DVB交联剂和MMA硬单体调节PBA粒子的硬度及性能，研究了不同DVB及MMA加入量的PBA对PVC力学性能的影响。并通过复合材料断面微观形态分析验证了实验结果。结果表明：在BA单体中加入硬单体MMA和交联剂DVB均可提高PBA粒子的硬度，当MMA和DVB用量较大时，会导致粒子呈现刚性，不利于PBA对PVC改性；PBA粒子与硬质PVC共混后能较好地分散在PVC中，并能在提高材料冲击强度的同时，拉伸强度也有所改善；DVB和MMA的用量均为2mL时，PBA异形粒子对硬质PVC的改性效果最好。此配方PBA粒子与PVC相容性好、界面结合力强。