吸热型碳氢燃料在银、镧改性混合分子筛上的裂解研究

为进一步提高吸热型碳氢燃料的吸热能效，考察了吸热型碳氢燃料NNJ－150在USHY和HZSM－5混合分子筛以及银、镧改性混合分子筛催化剂上的催化裂解。结果表明，在Ag-LaUSY Ag-LaZSM-5(75:25)混合分子筛催化NNJ－150裂解反应中，低碳烯烃选择性较高，催化剂寿命较长。采用此催化剂，能较好满足吸热型碳氢燃料裂解的需要。     

吸热碳氢燃料裂解镧改性混合型催化剂的研究

制备了吸热型碳氢燃料NNJ-150和镧离子交换改性的USY、ZSM-5分子重申及混合分子筛，考察了NNJ-150在USHY、HZSM-5和两者混合物以及镧改性单分子筛和混合分子筛催化剂上的裂解反应。结果表明，ZSM-5分子筛中添加镧，对NNJ-150的单分子裂解反应有明显影响；混合分子两种分子筛之间存在协同作用，低温（500℃）下，LaUSY LaZSM-5（75：25）混合分子筛对低碳烯烃的选择性较高（41.48％），催化剂寿命较长（35min以上），能有效提高吸热型碳氢燃料NNJ-150的吸热能效。     

银、镧改性混合型吸热碳氢燃料裂解分子筛催化剂的研究

为提高吸热型碳氢燃料的吸热能效,制备了吸热型碳氢燃料NNJ-150和银、镧 离子交换改性USY,ZSM-5分子筛及混合分子筛,考察了NNJ-150在USHY,HZSM-5和 二者混合物以及银、镧改性混合分子筛催化剂上的裂解情况。结果表明,NNJ-150 在Ag-LaUSY + Ag-LaZSM-5（75：25）混合分子筛上裂解时,低碳烯烃选择性较高 （600 ℃,47.92%）,催化剂寿命较长(35 min以上）,催化性能比较稳定,可满 足冷却高超音速飞行器的要求。     

吸热型碳氢燃料裂解催化剂结焦研究

建立了一套可以同时进行吸热型碳氢燃料催化裂解研究和催化剂结焦评价的装置。选用SAPO－34、HZSM－5以及USY型不同孔径的分子筛催化剂对自行研制的吸热型碳氢燃料S－1进行催化裂解反应，采用注氧烧焦的方法考察了改变反应温度、反应时间等实验条件对催化剂结焦性能的影响，结果发现，当温度达到700℃时，三种催化剂都有最大的结焦量，而USY型分子筛高达55μL/mg。同时还考察了作为结焦母体的小分子烯烃在裂解产物中的分布与催化剂结焦的关系，对燃料S－1在三种分子筛上裂解结焦的规律有了初步的了解，从而为筛选适用于吸热型碳氢燃料催化裂解的催化剂提供了有力的依据。     

HZSM-5沸石分子筛上苯酚与甲醇的烷基化反应

 在n（PhOH）／n（CH3OH）＝1,WGSV＝0．5h－1,T＝673K的反应条件下,研究了HZSM－5,HZSM－23和改性HZSM－5分子筛上苯酚与甲醇烷基化反应的规律．结果表明,分子筛外表面的酸中心对苯酚烷基化反应的贡献较大．用4－甲基喹啉使分子筛外表面的酸中心中毒后,影响反应产物选择性的主要因素是分子筛的孔径．孔径较小的HZSM－23分子筛对提高芳香醚的选择性,抑制二甲酚的生成和提高对甲酚的选择性有利．间甲酚和二甲酚可以在HZSM－5沸石的孔道内生成,但在HZSM－23的孔道内受到抑制．用P2O5,MgO和Sb2O3对HZSM－5改性都可以提高芳香醚的选择性,降低甲酚和二甲酚的选择性．随着氧化物负载量的增加,邻甲酚选择性升高．适度的氧化物改性可以提高对甲酚的选择性,改性效果为Sb2O3＞P2O5＞MgO．     

La／HZSM—5催化剂上丙烷的芳构化反应研究

采用浸渍法和离子交换法制备了La/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,用于丙烷芳构化反应,利用XRD,SPS,FT－IR,NH3－TPD技术考察了La对HZSM－5分子筛结构和表面酸性的影响,引入La后能显著提高HZSM－5的丙烷芳构化活性,其中由离子交换法得到的催化剂效果最佳,在反应温度550度,空速600h^-1条件下,丙烷转化率和芳烃选择性分别达到94．58％,68．99％,在La/HZSM-5中分子筛结晶度下降,B酸中心减少,L酸中心增多,离子交换法制备的催化剂比浸渍法催化剂的这种变化更显著,同时更有利于La3 进入分子筛孔道内,并与分子筛产生强相互作用,新增加的L酸中心可能是芳构化反应的活性中心。     

分子筛性质对Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应的影响

 通过改变合成条件与合成体系，考察了不同硅源合成的HZSM－5分子筛对Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应性能的影响．结果表明，用水玻璃合成的HZSM－5分子筛负载Mo后，其催化性能优于用硅溶胶合成的分子筛．1HMASNMR测定结果表明，前者的Br¨onsted酸 浓度较后者大．通过改变合成条件，减小HZSM－5分子筛的粒度，可以提高催化剂在甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应中的稳定性．     

水热处理对纳米HZSM－5沸石酸性质及其降低汽油烯烃性能的影响

 采用水蒸气和碱性氨水蒸气在500℃下对纳米HZSM－5沸石催化剂进行了水热处理改性，并用XRD，IR，NH3－TPD和XRF对催化剂进行了表征．以降低FCC汽油（≤70℃馏分）烯烃含量为探针反应，考察了不同水热处理介质对催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响．结果表明，经不同介质水热处理后，纳米HZSM－5沸石中约10％的Al2O3被脱除，总酸量降低，导致积炭失活的强酸中心明显减少；不同水热处理介质对催化剂的总酸量没有明显影响，而对酸中心类型分布的影响较大．水热处理改性使催化剂活性的稳定性明显改善，初始活性降低．同时，水热处理改性降低了催化剂对芳构化反应的催化活性，提高了对异构化反应的催化活性．采用氨水（0．5mol／L）蒸气处理的纳米HZSM－5催化剂其降烯烃催化活性更为稳定．在给定的反应条件下，FCC汽油的烯烃含量（φ）由65．9％降低到约26％，产物中烯烃、芳烃（主要是C7～C9芳烃）和烷烃含量分别保持在25％，19％和55％左右，辛烷值基本不变．     

改性HZSM－5催化剂上4－甲基联苯与甲醇的甲基化反应性能

 采用浸渍法制备了一系列金属氧化物（MgO，CaO，SrO，BaO，ZnO，La2O3和CeO2）改性的HZSM－5催化剂，以4－甲基联苯与甲醇的烷基化为探针反应，在固定床反应器上考察了其催化性能．结果表明，在MgO改性的HZSM－5催化剂上，目的产物4，4′－二甲基联苯的选择性最高，可达80％，而在未改性的HZSM－5上仅为13％．金属氧化物改性对4，4′－二甲基联苯的选择性均有提高，其大小顺序为：MgO＞SrO≈ZnO≈CaO≈La2O3＞BaO＞CeO2．另外，还详细研究了MgO改性条件（如MgO浸渍量，改性剂的阴离子种类，改性方法）的影响．结果表明，MgO浸渍量为5．6％时较为合适．     

用于甲烷脱氢芳构化反应Mo基催化剂的研究

 通过对分子筛载体HZSM－5进行精密前处理，然后浸渍钼酸铵溶液和添加微量助剂Fe，分别制得催化剂Mo／HZSM－5（t）和Fe－Mo／HZSM－5（t），考察了它们对甲烷脱氢芳构化反应的催化性能．结果表明，在Mo／HZSM－5（t）催化剂上，反应5h后，甲烷的转化率可达11．4％，苯收率高于6．2％，在反应30h后，甲烷的转化率可达8．8％，苯收率高于5．3％，催化剂显示出较高的稳定性．微量助剂Fe的添加在保持催化剂稳定性的前提下进一步改善了催化剂的活性，使甲烷的转化率相对于Mo／HZSM－5（t）上的提高了18％，苯收率提高了52％．XRD和TPO测试表明活性组分Mo和助剂Fe高度分散于载体上或进入载体孔道中，载体的精密前处理及Fe的添加提高了催化剂的抗积炭能力，使得催化剂稳定性显著提高．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.