小儿癫痫的睡眠动态脑电图分析

目的：探讨睡眠期AEEG对癫痫的诊断意义、优点及诊断中的注意事项。方法：分析我们应用MB8000型AEEG仪监测到的836例癫痫患自然睡眠脑电图。结果：836例，正常106例(12．7％)，非特异性异常61例(7．3％)，痫样放电669例(80．0％)。结论：睡眠动态脑电图可反映睡眠结构和夜间异常放电的发作情况；同时AEEG可观察临床发作的全过程及发作时脑电图的演变过程，能更明确局限性癫痫诊断及定位，也可为全身性发作寻找致痫病灶。     

140例小儿癫癎与可疑癫癎的24h动态脑电图监测报告

目的：探讨小儿动态脑电图(AEEG)的睡眠时相与癫痢的关系及其对小儿癫痫病的诊断价值。方法：140例常规脑电图(EEG)无痫样放电患儿分别为临床诊断癫痫组和可疑癫痫组，进行24h AEEG监测，并观察觉醒期和睡眠期AEEG痫样放电的分布情况。结果：AEEG痫样放电发生率在临床诊断小儿癫痫组占55．9％，小儿可疑癫痫组占37．5％。痫样放电多见于NREMⅠ—Ⅱ期，并见有NREMⅠ—Ⅱ期明显延长，而NREMⅢ—Ⅳ期相对缩短。结论：小儿癫痫病痫样放电主要发生于NREMⅠ—Ⅱ期。AEEG可提高小儿癫痫病痫样放电的检出率，对小儿癫痫病的诊断有重要意义。     

24h-AEEG在可疑癫痫司法鉴定中的应用

目的:探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)在可疑癫痫违法司法精神医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法:对举荐的46例可疑癫痫犯罪人的24小时动态脑电图进行回顾分析。结果:46例中,痫样放电13例(28.3%),非特异性异常8例(17.4%),总异常率为45.7%;痫样放电出现清醒期3例(23.1%),睡眠期出现10例(76.9%),两期有显著性差异(P<0.01);部位多见于额、颞区局限性异常。结论:AEEG因监测时间长,对司法精神医学鉴定中可疑癫痫犯罪的鉴别诊断可提供重要的依据,但不作为责任能力的判定依据。     

动态脑电图对癫癎诊断的应用价值

目的:观察癫癎患者自然睡眠时相与癎样放电的关系,探讨脑电Holter 24 h监测即俗 称的动态脑电图(AEEG)在癫癎的诊断及分型中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析761例癫癎患者24 h AEEG监测资料,对发作间期清醒与睡眠期脑电图癎样放电的发作频率进行比较。结果:761例患者中 检出癎样放电553例,睡眠期检出495例(检出率89.5％),觉醒期检出309例(55.9％),癎样放电主要 出现于NREM睡眠Ⅰ-Ⅱ期;93例患者AEEG监测后发作类型得到了修正。结论:睡眠期癎样放电检 出率明显高于觉醒期,癫癎患者睡眠期癎样放电主要出现于NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期,AEEG有助于癫癎的诊 断及分型。     

儿童植物神经性癫痫动态脑电图分析

目的:探讨动态脑电图在儿童植物神经性癫痫诊断、鉴别诊断及减少误诊误治中的作用。方法:通过对246例临床诊断为植物神经性癫痫的病人进行REEG及AEEG描记,并进行对比分析。结果:本文AEEG正常162例(65.9％),异常84例(34.1％)。其中非特异性异常38例(15.4％),痫样放电46例(18.7％)。REEG院内检查111例,正常89例(80.2％),异常22例(19.8％)其中非特异性异常12例(10.8％),痫样放电10例(9.0％)。结论:AEEG可提高植物神经性癫痫的诊断阳性率及痫样波发放率。AEEG和REEG两组相比分别为X~2=7.52,P<0.01;X~2=11.46,P<0.001。均有显著性差异。同时显示AEEG可明显减少儿童植物神经性癫痫的误诊率。EEG是植物神经性癫痫诊断的重要标志之一,但要防止诊断扩大化造成的误诊误治。     

可疑癫痫患者的24h动态脑电图分析

目的：探讨24h动态脑电图（AEEG）对可疑癫痫的诊断价值。方法：对98例多次常规脑电图（REEG）检查未见异常,临床怀疑癫痫的患者进行24hAEEG监测,并观察觉醒期和睡眠期脑电图异常情况。结果：24hAEEG痫样放电发生率为44．9％,痢样放电多见于NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期,非特异性异常24．5％,多见于清醒期。结论：对多次REEG检查未见异常,临床怀疑癫痫的患者行24hAEEG检查,可提高痫样放电的检出率;对可疑癫痫的诊断有重要意义。     

85例癫痫儿童发作间期动态脑电图分析

目的：探讨动态脑电图（AEEG）对发作间期儿童癫痫的诊疗价值。方法：对85例癫痫儿童于发作间期监测24hAEEG并对其相关因素进行比较分析。结果：AEEG监测异常者74例（87．1％）,其中有痫样放电者49例（57．6％）;发作越频繁,AEEG痫样放电检出率越高（P〈0．01）;睡眠期痫样放电检出率显著高于清醒期（P〈0．01）。治疗后复查组较新诊断组癫痫儿童痫样放电显著减少（P〈0．05）。结论：发作间期AEEG监测有助于儿童癫痫的临床诊断及疗效评估     

Lennox—Gastaut综合征的动态脑电图监测

目的：了解Lennox—Gastaut综合征（LGS）的动态脑电图（AEEG）监测的作用。方法：对2002年10月-2007年10月经临床诊断和AEEG监测的28例LGS进行总结。结果：常规脑电图（REEG）正常8例（25．0％），异常20例（75．0％），临床发作4例。AEEG28例（100％）出现全导暴发高幅1．5—2．5Hz慢棘慢复合波，尖慢复合波，多棘慢复合波。清醒期2例（7．1％），睡眠期22例（78．6％），清醒期、睡眠期均有4例（14．3％）。临床发作16例（57．1％）。12例睡眠期出现双侧10～12Hz高幅快波节律。AEEG与REEG异常率无显著性差异，P〉0．05。发作率有显著性差异，P〈0．05。AEEG清醒期与睡眠期异常率相比有非常显著性差异，P〈0．001。结论：LGS综合征具有特定的脑电图表现，是构成综合征诊断的必要条件之一，睡眠中有10—12Hz快波节律，通常提示该病。进行睡眠中脑电图描记是必要的。而AEEG延长了描记时间，弥补了REEG的不足。并通过自然睡眠诱发提高了癫痫的阳性检出率。     

伴中央-颞区棘波的儿童良性癫(癎)动态脑电图监测的价值

目的:探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)监测对伴中央-颞区棘波的儿童良性癫(癎)(BECT)的价值.方法:使用MB 8000型8道AEEG仪对2005年1月至2007年10月监测的36例BECT患儿的AEEG结果进行分析.结果:发作间歇期常规脑电图(REEG)与AEEG(癎)样波相比差异有极显著意义,χ2=16.15,P<0.001.发作间歇期AEEG睡眠期(癎)样波与清醒期(癎)样波相比差异有显著意义,χ2=5.184,P<0.05.发作期一侧中央-颞区有(癎)样放电(尖、棘波)者26例(72.2 %),双侧中央-颞区有(癎)样放电者10例(27.8 %).结论:BECT是儿童最常见的原发性良性部分性癫(癎),是与睡眠密切相关的癫(癎),具有特殊的发作症状和EEG放电,AEEG睡眠期发作对BECT诊断的重要性更加突出,甚至起着决定性的作用.     

非惊厥性发作性症状的动态脑电图监测

目的:探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)在非惊厥性发作性症状诊断中的价值。方法:对361例临床上常见的非惊厥性发作性症状患者进行24小时AEEG监测,其中128例与自身的普通脑电图(REEG)对照。结果:128例患者的AEEG异常率(82.0％)、痫样放电检出率(60.0％)、临床发作出现率(34.4％),均明显高于REEG(30.5.、7.0％、0)。在361例患者中异常285例(78.9％),检出痫样放电163例(45.2％),而以短暂性意识丧失阳性率最高(54.2％)。根据临床发作与AEEG的关系,诊断癫痫163例,排除癫痫64例。结论:AEEG对非惊厥性发作性症状的诊断及鉴别有重要价值。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.