国内化学工程文献摘要

本文由因次分析入手,导得影响恒速段颗粒运动速度的无因次准数,并用实验数据进行关联,求得计算水平气力输送管恒速段颗粒运动速度的通用方程。然后根据垂直气力输送管恒速段压降计算通用关联式,通过理论分析,求得水平气力输送管恒速段压降理论计算式,     

粉体高浓度输送相图

根据以固体质量流速和固体装入量为参数的Zenz相图（即压降与表观气速的关系图）和洪江等人的模型[6]，对粗聚氯乙烯和细PVC颗粒的水平气力输送进行了合理的预测     

文丘里管收缩段高固气比气固两相流压降模型

为建立高固气比(10 kg/kg相似文献   

水平管气力输送的数值模拟研究

对气体相湍动能采用修正的k-ε二方程模型,颗粒相湍动动能采用颗粒动力学方法,考虑两相间的相互作用,发展建立了水平管气力输送的数学物理模型和计算方法.该模型能计算颗粒相压力、粘性系数、扩散系数、导热系数、颗粒温度等流体力学特性参数.用文献实验得到的压降和转捩速度验证了所建模型和计算方法的正确性.就水平管中圆柱坐标系下典型的三维悬浮气力输送过程进行了初步数值研究,得到了管道沿程压降、平均气体速度、平均颗粒速度和平均颗粒浓度的变化、以及输送方向上不同截面处的颗粒浓度分布.结果表明:在给定的输送条件下,颗粒在管中并不总是维持同样的悬浮状态,在入口和快速加速度段,悬浮颗粒易集中于管中心区域,从加速段到恒速段,悬浮颗粒逐渐向管底沉降;颗粒浓度在管截面上有两种分布状态.为进一步利用该法研究气力输送打下了基础.     

水平管加压密相煤粉气力输送数值模拟

针对加压密相气力输送,对现有的颗粒静摩擦力模型进行适当修正,并将其与颗粒动理学理论相结合,建立了可以描述加压密相气力输送的气固湍流流动状况的多相流模型。该模型充分考虑了颗粒间碰撞和摩擦力作用,以及气相和颗粒团湍流脉动之间的相互作用。采用该模型对水平管内加压密相气力输送进行了三维数值模拟研究,模拟得到了气相和固相的速度、浓度和湍流强度分布,以及压降梯度的变化规律,再现了颗粒沉积层的形成和运动的动态过程。并进行了加压密相煤粉气力输送试验研究,预测的压降梯度与试验测量结果相符合。     

宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相输送管道压降研究

采用Barth气力输送理论,通过实验在质量流率1 550—1 700 kg/h的输送范围内,研究了宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相输送的压降和表观气速的关系。结果表明:随着表观气速的增加,水平管道和竖直管道的压降都是先降低后升高,但竖直段的压降变化速度比水平段变化快,水平段的经济气速(4 m/s)小于竖直段的经济气速(7 m/s)。通过计算值与实验值比较,发现理论计算值与实验值偏差在30%以内,说明基于Barth附加压降法对宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相气力输送管阻力特性的计算具有较好的适应性。     

密相气力输送水泥粉体流动特性研究

论文建立了工业级别1∶1正压旋转供料器气力输送实验系统。在本实验系统上以两种不同水泥粉体为输送物料进行气力输送研究,通过改变输送管道内的气体速度得出了固体输送能力、平均固气质量比、固体平均速度及单位长度压力损失等参数的变化规律,为该类型气力输送水泥粉体提供依据。     

气力输送系统中输送气体压力的计算

在利用气力输送物料过程中，输送气体压力的计算是最重要的输送参数之一，是能否稳定，正常输送的关键。文中通过物料在气力输送系统中输送压降的计算，为气力输送系统的设计提供了依据。     

正压流态化气力输送粉煤灰流动参数变化研究

管道气力输送是利用压缩空气作为动力在管道内输送固体物料的一种常用的粉粒状颗粒输送方式[1]。目前这种输送方式已经广泛应用于电力、化工、建材、钢铁、食品等行业,正在逐渐成为一种较为通用的输运手段,占有越来越高的比重[2]。其中,上引式流态化仓泵式气力输送方式由于稳定性好、系统相对紧凑、成本较低等优点在固体粉状颗粒输送中应用广泛。固体输送能力、固体颗粒速度、压力损失等参数是气力输送系统重点关注的参数[3],也是需要在设计气力输送系统时必须考虑的问题[4-5]。     

不同流型下组合约束型提升管出口段固含率分布

在一套组合约束型提升管冷态实验装置上,研究了气力输送和快速流态化两种流型下,出口段局部固含率分布规律及不同操作条件对固含率的影响。结果表明:局部固含率径向分布整体上呈中心小、边壁大的分布特征,并随分布器开孔率和表观气速的降低而增大,随上部流化床层压降和颗粒循环强度的降低而减小;在快速流态化操作下,局部固含率曲线分布形式与常规提升管类似,而在气力输送状态下,临近出口区域局部固含率最大值通常不出现在边壁处,其位置随表观气速和分布器开孔率增加以及颗粒循环强度和上部流化床层压降降低而远离边壁;两种流型下局部固含率径向分布的均匀性均随表观气速及分布器开孔率的增加而升高,随颗粒循环强度及流化床层压降的增加而降低。     

An experimental study of energy-saving pneumatic conveying system in a horizontal pipeline with dune model

In order to reduce power consumption and conveying velocity, a pneumatic conveying system where a dune model is mounted in a pipeline is proposed in this paper. The experimental study focuses on the effect of the mounted dune model in the horizontal pneumatic conveying system in terms of pressure drop, power consumption and conveying velocity. The test pipeline consisted of a horizontal smooth acrylic tube with an inside diameter of 80 mm and a length of about 5 m. Polyethylene spherical particles with a density of 952 kg/m³ and diameters of 2.3 and 3.3 mm are used as conveying materials. The mean air velocity is varied from 9 to 16 m/s, and the solid mass flow rate is from 0.25 to 0.45 kg/s. Firstly, the effect of the dune model location on pneumatic conveying is experimentally studied. It is found that in the lower air velocity range, the pressure drop of the pneumatic conveying with a mounted dune model is lower than that of a conventional pneumatic conveying system. A lower conveying velocity and energy-saving conveying can be realized by installing a dune model in the conveying pipe. Especially the case of fixing the dune model on the bottom of the pipe at the inlet of particle feed is more effective. The particle flow patterns also show that the dune model reduces the deposition of particles. Then, the effect of different surface materials of the dune model is examined. By using a surface material of the dune model with a large coefficient of restitution, the pressure drop of conveying large particles is the lowest. When conveying relatively small particles, however, the pressure drop becomes the lowest by a small coefficient of restitution. The maximum reduction rates of the minimum velocity and power consumption by the dune model are about 19% and 34%, respectively.     

一种粉料的输送特性研究

利用自主研究设计的工业规模级气力输送装置,分析研究了一种粉料稀相气力输送的规律.通过在两条不同长度输送线上的大量系统实验,得出输送量、输送压力、气量、固气比、表观气速等输送参数间的相互关系,展现了该粉料输送的宏观规律.同时对气力输送设计计算最重要的参数“管道压降”进行分析讨论,整理拟合出该粉料不同输送量下的压降模型,并且其计算值与实际值吻合较好,对工程应用具有一定指导意义.     

工业级水平管粉煤气力输送的最小压降速度和稳定性

采用压缩空气作为输送介质,在工业级水平管(内径50 mm)上开展了粉煤密相气力输送实验研究。在实验获得最小压降速度基础上,通过电容层析成像系统观察到,随着表观气速降低而存在分层流、沙丘流、移动床流以及栓塞流4种流型。不同流型压力信号的概率密度分布和功率谱密度分析表明,压力信号的波动特征与流型紧密联系;由于流动形态的变化,存在由稳定输送过渡到不稳定输送的临界气速,且该速度小于最小压降速度。     

Visual analysis of particle bouncing and its effect on pressure drop in dilute phase pneumatic conveying

During the pneumatic conveying of plastic pellets, it has been observed that materials with similar physical characteristics may develop substantial difference in pressure drop, whose cause is not fully understood. This experimental study focused on the dynamic behavior of the particles during conveying and its influence on pressure drop.The bouncing of the particles during pneumatic conveying in dilute phase was visually analyzed by means of a high speed video camera. The experiments included two different plastic pellets of similar size and density but different modulus of elasticity. The conveying trials were carried out in a 0.052 m I.D. aluminum pipe conveying system approximately 35 m long. The loading was controlled by an airflow control valve and a variable speed drive rotary valve. For each material, a series of tests were performed creating a matrix of six solids rates for five different air velocities. During the conveying trials a high speed video camera was used to record the actual particle motion in a horizontal section with fully accelerated flow. The videos showed significant difference in bouncing between the soft and the hard pellets. The soft pellets showed very random and intense bouncing with strong rotation, which affected the rebound considerably. In fact, some particles bounced even backwards. On the other side, the hard pellets showed significantly less bouncing and rotation.In addition to the high speed videos, in each test the pressure drop was measured in the horizontal and vertical directions. As expected, a significant difference in pressure drop was recorded for the same conveying settings when using the different materials. The pressure drop showed a close relation to the bouncing of the particles, being much higher for the soft pellets.It can be concluded that the increased pressure drop, developed by the soft polyethylene pellets, is in part due to the multiple times the particles must be reaccelerated during their transit through the conveying system. Additionally, the reduction in the average particle velocity increases the drag force. All of this resulted in up to 3-fold increase in pressure drop across the conveying line compared to the hard polyethylene pellets that showed significantly less bouncing.     

Resistance Properties of a Bend in Dense‐Phase Pneumatic Conveying of Pulverized Coal under High Pressure

Experiments of high‐pressure dense‐phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal with different mean particle sizes using nitrogen were carried out in an experimental test facility with a conveying pressure of up to 4 MPa. The effects of three representative operating parameters (solids‐to‐gas mass flow ratio, conveying pressure, mean particle size) on the total pressure drop were examined. The pressure drops across the horizontal and vertical bends were analyzed by experimental and analytical calculation. The results show that the pressure drop due to gas friction is of much less significance, while the pressure drop due to the solids friction component of the total pressure drop dominates. There exists a relationship between the pressure drop due to solids kinetic energy loss and mass flux of solids.     

Study of the pressure drop of dense phase gas-solid flow through nozzle

Pressure drops are measured on different nozzles of various pipe sizes in dense phase pulverized coal pneumatic conveying. From the experimental results, we conclude that the effect of the gas phase nozzle pressure drop is negligible when comparing with the solid phase pressure drop in the experimental range. The main influence factors contributing to the nozzle pressure drop are gas and solid mass flow rate, solids loading ratio, and the diameters of the nozzle inlet and outlet. A new model was developed to predict the nozzle pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal based on the Barth's pneumatic conveying theory. The pressure drop predictions from the model are in good agreement with the experimental values. The model quantified the important influence factors of the nozzle pressure drop.     

HDPE装置新线粉料输送系统的技术改造

分析了高密度聚乙烯装置新建生产线粉料输送系统出现的袋式过滤器压差增大、输送风机进出口压差及电流较高等异常情况,其主要原因是该系统袋式过滤器过滤面积不足及粉料输送风机的进出口管线较长等。采用将袋式过滤器的滤袋换成褶皱袋,适当改造粉料输送风机的进出口管线等措施,提高了系统的高负荷稳定运行能力。     

工业级管道中粉煤浓相流动特性

分别以干燥空气和粉煤为输送载气和介质，在39 mm工业级水平不锈钢管内进行了浓相气固两相流动特性实验研究。高速摄像仪拍摄到的粉煤流型表明，浓相输送条件下存在分层流。在流化气和调节气协同作用下，工业级管道中的粉煤浓相输送规律与此两路气流流量密切相关，并获得了39 mm管径下的粉煤气力输送相图。与管径较小的20 mm水平不锈钢管输送结果的比较表明：较大管径条件下，输送压力对粉煤流率的影响更为显著，输送的经济气速相对较高；相同输送通量情况下，较大管径的输送单位管长压降低，且输送通量变化引起的单位管长压降变化也较为平缓。     

气力输送技术的若干新进展

对近年来气力输送技术在以下五个方面的最新进展,即:水平气力输送最小输送速度和料粒的起动机理、实验台数据的工程换算、倾斜管道布置、长距离输送及弯管的压力损失作了阐述.并对单个粒子的起始运动模型及起动所需的计算气速,作了详细的介绍与公式推导.     

Experimental study of the effect of inclination angle on the minimum conveying velocity and the underlying mechanisms

This work investigated the effect of inclination angle on the minimum conveying velocity and the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the pressure drop increased first and then decreased with the increasing inclination angle at the same mass flux and superficial gas velocity. The changing trend of minimum conveying velocity (u_min) and the pressure drop near it can be divided into two types by taking 45° as the boundary, which was consistent with the difference in flow regimes near u_min at different inclination angles based on results of high-speed photography and acoustic emission detection. Furthermore, the pressure drop was decomposed to investigate the underlying mechanism of the changing trend of u_min. Results showed that the changing trend of u_min was closely related to the particle velocity and the particle velocity obtained by high-speed photography was in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.