指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指的临床疗效.方法 2007年10月至2009年8月利用指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指的患者10例,并进行了随访,采用客观的手指功能检查、指蹼形态观察以及患者主观满意度评价手术效果.结果 10例患者均获随访,随访时间4～25个月,平均15个月.各例指蹼外观均接近正常指蹼,并指分指后手指被动屈伸功能正常,外展度30°～45°.指蹼爬移率和再次矫形率均为0,患者家属对手术效果满意.结论 采用指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指,术后皮瓣成活率高,指蹼外观功能接近正常指蹼,再次矫形率低,皮瓣设计及手术操作相对简单,便于掌握.     

指背五边形皮瓣重建先天性并指指蹼

目的 介绍一种并指分指后不需植皮指蹼一期重建的方法.方法 10例先天性并指患儿,在相邻两个并指的近节指背侧设计五边形皮瓣,皮瓣顶角在两指间正常指蹼掌侧缘平面,两个侧角在两指侧背缘正常指蹼背侧缘平面,两个底角在掌指关节背侧中心.并指分指后,用形成的五边形皮瓣一期重建指蹼,共重建17个指蹼.结果 所有指蹼一期获得重建,指蹼区不需植皮,指背创面直接缝合.术后所有皮瓣均存活.随访4～25个月,平均15个月,指蹼外观和功能良好.结论 采用指背五边形皮瓣能够达到一期重建指蹼不需植皮的目的 ,且损伤小,手术简单.对于多指并指患者,可同时重建两个指蹼.     

不同构制的皮瓣一期修复多手指指背皮肤缺损

目的 探讨应用不同构制的皮瓣一期修复多个手指背皮肤或复合组织缺损的临床应用.方法 本组多个手指背皮肤缺损13例34指,采用多种不同构制的皮瓣移植修复,其中双足第二趾甲背皮瓣移植修复指甲指背皮肤缺损3例6指;单侧足背分叶皮瓣移植修复指背皮肤缺损2例4指,双侧足背分叶皮瓣移植修复指背皮肤缺损1例4指,双侧足背皮瓣带(踇)短伸肌腱移植修复指背皮肤伴伸肌腱缺损2例4指,双侧足背皮瓣带(踇)短伸肌腱和拇指背逆行岛状筋膜瓣移植修复指背和伸肌腱缺损1例3指,右侧足背三叶皮瓣加左侧足背皮瓣移植修复1例4指,手掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣移植2例6指,手指根部逆行岛状皮瓣移植1例3指.皮瓣面积2.0 cm×2.0 cm～8.0 cm×5.0 cm.结果 34个皮瓣全部成活.术后随访6～14个月(平均10个月)25指,皮瓣质地良好,手指外形和伸屈活动满意,其中19指吻合血管的皮瓣两点分辨觉9～15 mm,全部病例供区功能无明显影响.结论 构制不同组织瓣或复合皮瓣是治疗多个手指指背皮肤缺损较理想的方案.     

指背筋膜瓣或筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道8例14指应用指背筋膜瓣或筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损的临床治疗效果.方法 采用指背筋膜瓣方法修复3例3指,指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣移植5例11指,皮瓣面积：2.0 cm×2.0 cm～4.0 cm×3.0 cm.结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣质地及外形好,患指伸指功能得到重建,功能恢复满意,供区功能基本无影响.结论 指背筋膜瓣或筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣是修复手指指背皮肤缺损的较好方法.     

足部皮瓣治疗多指指背复合组织缺损

目的 介绍足部皮瓣治疗多指指背复合组织缺损的临床应用.方法 临床应用7例19指,均为2～4指指背复合组织缺损伤,并伴有伸肌腱缺损及指骨或指间关节外露,并指后指背创面大小为5.0 cm×1.5 cm～9.0 cm×2.5 cm.以(足母)趾腓侧、跖侧界线及第一、二跖骨间隙为轴线设计皮瓣,形状同并指后指背创面,面积稍大.皮瓣切取时携带大隐静脉、趾背静脉和第一跖背、跖底动脉及神经,分别与相应患指指背静脉及指固有动脉、神经吻合.保留趾短或趾长伸肌腱于皮瓣内,以修复指背缺失的伸肌腱.结果 术后皮瓣全部存活,皮瓣质地及外形好,皮瓣两点分辨觉为6～8mm.患指伸指功能得到重建,主、被动屈伸活动恢复满意.足部供区瘢痕轻微,功能良好,外形美观.结论 足背、趾蹼及(足母)趾腓侧复合皮瓣是治疗多指指背复合组织缺损较好的方案之一.     

指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损

目的 探讨指动脉背侧支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣一期修复同指端软组织缺损的临床应用.方法 2007年10月～2009年1月应用指背逆行岛状皮瓣为8例指端皮肤软组织缺损的患者进行指背逆行岛状皮瓣修复术.结果 所有患者创面一期愈合并获1～6个月随访,皮瓣均成活,色泽,质地与周围皮肤相似,无臃肿,无溃疡形成,患指屈伸功能正常.结论 该术式不需牺牲指固有动脉及神经 ,采用近节指背非功能面的皮肤为供区,不需二次手术,临床效果较好,值得临床推广.     

近节掌指背皮瓣修复指根部岛状皮瓣供区的临床应用

目的 探讨应用近节掌指背皮瓣修复指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣供区的手术方法.方法 对15例指端缺损的患指,应用指根部岛状皮瓣进行修复,同时应用近节掌指背皮瓣修复岛状皮瓣的供区.结果 术后30块皮瓣全部存活,随访时间5个月至2年,皮瓣外观及弹性好,患指无疼痛；岛状皮瓣静止两点分辨觉为7～8mm,掌指背皮瓣静止两点分辨觉为8～ 10mm.手功能按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:优13,良2例.皮瓣供区指蹼的大小、深度无影响,皮瓣修复后指蹼无瘢痕挛缩、外形隐蔽；指蹼最大外展达30°～40°,与健侧指蹼外展相似.结论 该术式操作简单,术后疗效满意,是对传统指根部岛状皮瓣供区修复方法的改进.     

吻合血管的脐旁皮瓣联合分叶带蒂皮瓣修复手部热压伤

目的探讨吻合血管的脐旁皮瓣联合分叶带蒂皮瓣修复手背及指背热压伤的方法。方法切取脐旁皮瓣,近端皮瓣血管蒂与手部鼻烟壶部桡动脉深支及其伴行静脉吻合,皮瓣远端分成四叶瓣并与腹部带蒂相连,以保证指背远侧皮瓣血供。一期分指,重建指蹼,修复手背热压伤。结果皮瓣完全成活,质地柔软,色泽均匀,随访5个月功能及外形均比较满意。结论吻合血管的脐旁皮瓣联合分叶带蒂皮瓣修复手背及指背热压伤,可一期分指,减少了手术次数和瘢痕形成,有利于手部功能及外形的恢复。     

游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复指背热压伤的临床应用

目的 报道游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复指背热压伤的临床应用及疗效.方法 对11例指背皮肤热压伤,应用游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复创面,术中将尺动脉腕上支与指固有动脉吻合.结果 11例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3～6个月,皮瓣质地、外观良好,两点辨别觉7～11mm,患指功能好.结论 应用游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复指背皮肤热压伤创面,血管解剖位置相对恒定,操作简单,术后皮瓣外形、质地满意,全手外形好.     

吻合神经的同指对侧指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复指侧方皮肤缺损

目的探讨吻合神经的同指对侧指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复指侧方皮肤缺损的手术方法及临床疗效。方法自2016年6月至2018年9月,苏州大学附属瑞华医院手外科对8例手指侧方皮肤缺损的患者采用同指对侧指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复创面,术中保护好指背神经并移植于皮瓣内,再将指背神经断端与创面远端的神经断端相吻合。结果本组8例(8指)患者的移植皮瓣及指背植皮均成活,5例术后出现水疱,经抽吸减张后皮瓣颜色恢复红润,供受区伤口均一期愈合。术后随访6～24个月,平均10个月,皮瓣外观及质地较好,无明显色素沉着,蒂部不臃肿;皮瓣感觉恢复良好,两点辨别觉为10～12 mm。供区瘢痕不明显,关节活动良好,指背皮肤无明显感觉障碍。结论采用吻合神经的同指对侧指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指侧方皮肤缺损可取得较满意的临床疗效。     

Dorsal pentagonal local flap: a new technique of web reconstruction for syndactyly without skin graft

Background  

Many techniques for web space reconstruction have been described over the years. However, few techniques are completely satisfactory in terms of cosmetic requirement and functional recovery due to scar contracture, web creep, or conspicuous scarring resulting from skin grafting or additional incisions on the dorsal palm. Based on the anatomy of the dorsal metacarpal artery, the authors describe a local pentagonal advancement flap including perforators of the dorsal metacarpal artery to optimize web reconstruction and facilitate direct closure in the syndactyly treatment.     

Syndactyly: can web creep be avoided?

Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital hand deformities but there still remains a high incidence of contractures and web creep after attempts at surgical correction using many assorted techniques. Little attention has been paid to the potential junctional scar in the aetiology of web creep. To remedy this, a technique is described which involves a dorsal flap and two palmar laterally-based flaps. This method not only breaks up the palmar junctional scar but also completely reconstructs the web, not just the floor. The procedure can be used in all varieties of syndactyly and has reduced the incidence of creep in a series of 49 webs.     

Dorsal pentagonal island flap: a technique of web reconstruction for syndactyly that facilitates direct closure.

Though many techniques have been described for the correction of syndactyly, current methods result in skin deficiency that requires skin grafting, especially at the finger bases. We discuss the technical aspects and document our experience with the dorsal pentagonal metacarpal island flap for reconstruction of the web commissure in a series of 12 patients (22 webs) with syndactyly of varying complexity. In appropriately selected cases, this technique can improve reconstruction of the web commissure, facilitating direct closure, minimising the need for skin grafts and offers the potential for continued growth. This reduces operative time significantly and simplifies post-operative wound care. In this series, all our cases healed primarily in two to three weeks with minimal donor site morbidity. There were no post-operative complications, although the prominent dorsal scar remains a concern. At an average follow-up of 33.7 months, no cases of contracture or web creep after correction were noted.     

Reconstruction of Syndactyly and Polysyndactyly of the Toes With a Dorsal Pentagonal Island Flap: A Technique That Allows Primary Skin Closure Without the Use of Skin Grafting

Syndactyly and polysyndactyly are common congenital conditions involving the foot, and surgery to reconstruct the toes may be indicated for cosmetic, psychological, and practical reasons. A dorsal flap is traditionally used for web space reconstruction, with skin grafts for the bases of the toes. Skin grafting has associated morbidity and can result in pigmentation mismatch. Single-stage direct closure with a specially designed flap has advantages including a reduction of morbidity from avoidance of skin grafting and shorter surgery. Four patients (6 feet) were included in the study. There were 2 cases of syndactyly and 2 cases of polysyndactyly. Bilateral involvement occurred in 2 patients. The average age was 18 months at time of first surgery. Direct closure was achieved with a dorsal pentagonal island flap with dorsal and plantar triangular flaps. The average duration of follow-up was 19.8 months. At final follow-up, all patients had acceptable web depth and pulp contour. The distance between the proximal interphalangeal joints of adjacent toes and the web slope of the reconstructed web space were acceptable. Complications included partial synechiae, cellulitis, and keloid formation. The dorsal pentagonal island flap is an acceptable technique in providing another means for single-stage reconstruction of the web space in syndactyly and polysyndactyly. Good functional and cosmetic outcomes can be expected. However, the potential complication of keloid formation can affect cosmesis and overall outcome, and must be understood by patients and parents.     

先天性并指畸形治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨先天性并指畸形的治疗体会,规范治疗方法,提高治愈率。方法对我院近两年收治的30例先天性并指畸形患者,采用游离植皮及皮瓣等6种手术方法进行分指。以掌背侧顺行推进皮瓣、掌背侧逆行岛状皮瓣、五角推进皮瓣、局部“V—Y—W”推进皮瓣及菱形皮瓣重建指蹼：以“Z”形和全厚皮片修复指体。结果本组24例总体治疗效果满意,其余6例行二次手术,其中植皮坏死3例,手指瘢痕屈曲挛缩2例,指蹼创面感染、继发瘢痕增生形成不全并指1例。结论并指的手术时机应选择在出生后6个月～2年,并指的手术设计应注重指蹼的重建,重建的方法应首选掌背侧顺行或逆行皮瓣转移术：指体修复应选择全厚皮片,以预防手指的屈曲挛缩。     

Correction of syndactyly using a dorsal separated V-Y advancement flap and a volar triangular flap in adults

Skin grafts and local flaps are conventional methods of repair for congenital syndactyly, but the results obtained are not always as functional and aesthetic as desired and frequently leave postoperative scars and residual syndactyly. In this article, we describe a new surgical technique for web reconstruction in the correction of simple, incomplete syndactyly. The technique consists of a dorsal separated V-Y advancement flap and a volar triangular flap to cover the newly created web space, thus avoiding skin graft in this space. In all, 15 web spaces in 10 patients were treated using this method. A follow-up period of 6 months to 2 years showed neither recurrence of the deformity nor web creep of any degree. The technique is rapid, safe, easily performed, and reproducible and requires a single surgical procedure. It uses donor tissue identical in color, texture, and thickness, which renders acceptable cosmesis in cases of simple, incomplete syndactyly, therefore, avoiding the use of skin grafts and resulting postoperative scar contracture in the web space.     

First web space post-burn contracture types: Contracture elimination methods

First web space adduction contractures are a common consequence of hand burns. Many reconstructive techniques are used and investigation for more effective methods continues. Effective hand reconstruction usually considers anatomy as its foundation. Based on the experience of over 500 web space contracture elimination cases, three anatomical types of thumb adduction contractures were identified: edge, medial and total. Edge contractures (80% of all thumb adduction contractures) are caused by a fold in which only one sheet is scarred, either the palmar or dorsal surface. The contraction is caused by a trapeze-shaped length deficiency of the scar sheet, which has a surface surplus in width. Reconstruction consists of surface deficiency compensation with trapezoid flap prepared from the non-scarred side and skin-fat tissues of the web space. In most cases, the small scar-fat trapezoid flaps should be prepared from the non-scarred side to cover the donor wounds on both sides of the main flap. Medial contractures (10% of thumb adduction contractures) are caused by the fold, both sheets of which are scarred and have trapeze-shaped surface deficiency in length and surplus in width. Both fold sheets are converted into one or several pairs of trapezoid scar-fat flaps by radial incisions. The oppositely located flaps are transposed towards each other. As a result of the counter flaps transposition, the contracture is eliminated; the web space's shape and depth are restored by the use of flaps alone or in combination with skin grafting. The trapeze-flap plasty is very simple and effective with the length gain of up to 100-200%. Neither flap loss nor re-contracture occurs. Total contractures (about 10% of all) have no fold. Reconstruction consists of the creation of the central zone of the first web space depth with the rectangular subdermal pedicle flap; the wounds on both sides of the flap are skin grafted. The flap sustains normal web depth and prevents the contracture recurrence and skin graft shrinkage.     

掌背侧菱形推进皮瓣在先天性并指治疗中的应用

目的 报告应用掌背侧菱形推进皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指畸形的疗效.方法 对5例先天性并指畸形患儿,分指后在患指掌背侧掌骨头间设计并切取掌背侧菱形推进皮瓣以重建指蹼.术后评价指标包括:手指功能情况,指蹼形态学观察和患儿家长的满意度.结果 皮瓣切取面积最大为2.0cm×0.9cm,最小1.5cm×0.6cm.术后所有皮瓣愈合良好,未出现淤血、边缘坏死等现象.术后随访时间为6～12个月,平均8.5个月,患指屈伸功能良好,重建指蹼深度、宽度合适,并形成较好的指蹼坡度,患儿家长对指蹼形态及术后手指功能均感满意.结论 在治疗先天性皮肤性并指分指术中,应用背侧菱形推进皮瓣重建指蹼,术式简单,外形美观,是一种理想的方法.