中国实验快堆主冷却系统建模与仿真研究

中国实验快堆(CEFR)是钠冷快中子反应堆,其一、二回路的运行特性对反应堆的安全运行具有重要的影响。使用JTopmeret软件建立CEFR一、二回路主冷却系统和蒸汽发生器(SG)的仿真模型,用于计算系统任意一点的流量、压力、温度等运行参数。在稳态及瞬态工况下,系统主要参数仿真值与设计值的误差均小于2%,满足系统仿真的精度要求。     

CEFR非对称运行工况的研究

为研究中国实验快堆（CEFR）非对称运行工况,通过快堆系统安全分析程序OASIS及堆芯子通道分析程序COBRA对CEFR单环路运行时堆内的温度以及流量进行了计算。结果表明,CEFR在单环路运行,完好环路一、二次钠泵转速为500 r/min,且事故环路一次钠泵逆止阀开启时,堆芯最多开启在14%的功率水平,以确保反应堆处于安全状态。     

扩散型氢计系统在中国实验快堆的实际应用研究

在快堆运行中,钠泄漏是快堆核电厂运行的一大安全隐患,特别是二回路蒸汽发生器换热管破损引起的钠水反应将对反应堆的安全运行造成极大的损害。本文通过对中国实验快堆(CEFR)蒸汽发生器氢计系统在不同工况下的在线监测响应特性的研究分析,掌握氢计的实际运行特性,并对氢计系统在实际应用中存在的问题给出相应的解决措施及建议,优化CEFR氢计系统运行维护技术,对于保证氢计系统可靠运行,及时发现蒸汽发生器换热管的微小泄漏,防止蒸汽发生器中、大泄漏事故的发生,优化工程应用,确保反应堆运行安全,具有重要意义。     

中国实验快堆堆芯围桶开孔对正常运行工况影响的分析

堆芯围桶开孔是中国实验快堆(CEFR)事故余热排出系统的重要组成部分之一,是保证该系统形成自然循环排出反应堆事故后剩余发热的关键环节。本文应用通用计算流体力学软件CFX对CEFR堆芯围桶开孔对反应堆正常运行工况的影响进行了模拟,计算了在正常工况运行时,CEFR的反射组件与屏蔽组件热功率对堆芯围桶开孔附近温度场以及流场的影响,给出了堆芯围桶开孔区域的三维温度场、三维流场以及压力分布矢量图。结果表明,目前的设计在满足事故余热排出的要求同时,对反应堆正常运行工况的影响是可以接受的。     

CEFR事故余热排放系统管道热应变测量及结果分析

中国实验快堆(CEFR)以钠作为冷却剂。事故余热排放系统是CEFR快堆的专设安全设施,在反应堆出现地震、系统供电全部中断、全部蒸汽发生器给水中断的事故工况时,将堆芯余热通过空气冷却器非能动地排放到最终热阱。CEFR事故余热排出系统设计温度为550℃,运行温度最高为516℃,全部为双层管道,管道内运行介质为高温的液态金属钠。通过对事故余热排放系统进行热应变测量和数据分析,掌握系统管道的应力应变情况和监测系统运行状态的应力变化。     

CEFR蒸汽发生器给水调节系统的设计与调试

蒸汽发生器给水调节系统是中国实验快堆（CEFR）重要的控制系统,需要实现自动控制。根据该系统的控制需求针对性地设计了一套给水调节控制方案,并在CEFR实堆功率运行工况下验证了该控制方案。堆上试验结果表明,该控制方案能够在各种设计工况下维持蒸汽发生器出口钠温稳定,具备抑制反应堆其他参数干扰的能力。本研究通过CEFR蒸汽发生器给水调节系统的设计与调试工作,实现了CEFR蒸汽发生器给水调节系统的自动化控制。     

中国实验快堆堆容器冷却系统全厂断电工况温度场分析

堆容器冷却系统是中国实验快堆(CEFR)-回路系统中的重要辅助系统之一,用于在各种工况下对反应堆堆容器进行冷却.本文利用国际通用的计算流体力学软件STAR-CD对CEFR堆容器冷却系统进行三维数值模拟,得到了在全厂断电事故发展过程中堆容器冷却系统的温度场和流场的瞬态分析结果,为相应部件的力学分析以及其它工况的分析提供了数据,对快堆优化设计和安全分析提供了重要的理论支持.     

中国实验快堆动态模拟系统的建立：用于系统安全分析和仿真研究

ＯＡＳＩＳ是一个快堆系统安全分析程序,它既可用来分析整个快中子反应堆各系统的稳态与各种瞬态特性,也可用来模拟反应堆控制与调节系统,从而可对中国实验快堆的各种运行工况和事故工况进行宏观分析和研究。ＯＡＳＩＳ程序前身是已经应用于法国超凤凰的反应堆和凤凰反应堆安全分析的ＤＹＮ２Ｂ程序。     

CEFR热传输及发电能力分析

针对中国实验快堆（CEFR）发电能力问题,对CEFR 3条回路的输热能力及热电转换能力进行建模并分析计算,通过40%额定功率发电工况下的试验数据验证了所建模型的正确性。依据CEFR的实际情况,提出优化运行工况的改进措施,其效果得到了汽轮发电机组厂家数据的验证,并结合输热能力验证模型模拟CEFR满功率下的热传输及发电能力。结果表明：基于优化后的运行工况,CEFR热传输系统和热电转换系统可达到设计要求。     

中国实验快堆2018年度运行年报

正中国实验快堆(CEFR)热功率为65 MW,试验发电功率为20 MW,首炉燃料使用UO2,采用堆本体池式结构和钠-钠-水三回路热传输系统,并首次设立独立的非能动事故余热排出系统。2018年反应堆处于冷停堆运行状态,继续进行大修遗留工作及大修调试工作,完成系统恢复与功能鉴定,完成3次开堆前检查和常规岛热态运行,对开堆强相关项进行处理和验证,实现冷停堆运行工况下的全厂安全稳定运行。     

Sorption methods of separating barium and radium,aluminum and gallum,and zirconium and hafnium

Chromatographic methods of separating elements with very similar properties have now been developed. However, a number of these methods are difficult to use industrially as their throughput is low. The efficiency of chromatographic separation methods could be increased considerably by using appropriate complex formers, which decrease the effective concentration of the ions being separated, and,in the first approximation, this is equivalent to a decrease in the amount of elements being separated. The difference in the formation constants of the complex compounds increases the separation coefficient. By investigating chromatographic separation with the use of various complex formers, we found the optimal conditions for separating barium and radium, zirconium and hafnium, and aluminum and gallium. The throughput of these methods, with respect to the macroelement was 15–60 kg/hr per m² of column cross section.     

医源性电离辐射损伤及其生物医学防护

随着核与辐射技术在医学检查、诊断和治疗领域运用的增加,世界范围受照人群不断增多,医源性辐射已成为人类最主要的人工辐射来源之一。医疗机构和个人在选择利用放射手段获取诊断和治疗利益的同时,需要注意和防护伴随的辐射损伤效应。本文介绍了医源性辐射及其危害、机体组织的辐射损伤特性和类型、辐射生物效应分子及效应调节研究的进展,简要概述目前临床已经使用或最具应用潜力的辐射防护策略。     

Distribution and Fixation of Cesium and Strontium in Zeolite A and Chabazite

The selective removal and fixation of Cs and Sr have been studied in zeolite A and chabazite. Cesium ion was preferentially distributed into chabazite with a high distribution coefficient (K _Cs>10³ cm³·g^?1) in the presence of NaCl (10^?1 mol·dm^?3). The K _Sr values for zeolite A attained about 10³ cm³·g^?1 in the pH range of 8～10, and they gradually decreased with an decrease in pH.

The initial rate of Cs adsorption was fairly fast in chabazite, and the adsorption ratio reached almost 100% within a few hours. The adsorption ratio of Sr in binderless A zeolite reached almost 100% after 15 h. The adsorption of Cs and Sr on these zeolites was followed by Langmuir-type isotherm. Cesium forms of these zeolites recrystallized to pollucite (CsAlSi₂O₆) above 900°C for zeolite A and above 1,200°C for chabazite. As for Sr forms, these zeolites changed to SrAl₂Si₂O₆ above 900°C.

These recrystallized phases were suitable hosts for the immobilization of Cs and Sr in the nuclear waste solutions.     

清洁解控和退役若干动向与新发展

对国际辐射防护协会第 1 0届大会 ( IRPA-1 0 )涉及的清洁解控和退役问题作了论述 ,包括排除、豁免、清洁解控和废物最少化 ;退役工程技术的发展 ,包括去污技术、切割解体技术、探测技术 ;介绍了一个研究堆退役例子和加速器退役 ;最后 ,还论及了退役中受关注的一些问题 ,如 :石墨废物、混凝土废物、重水堆退役的氚防护、退役时间和退役废物量等。     

Plastic and dissipated work and stored energy

This paper depicts one theoretical and experimental method to take into account the energy phenomena, associated with the elasto—plastic deformation process, during the elaboration of behaviour laws. The energy balance definition is examined in order to relate the stored energy of cold work to the hardening state variables. Two experimental approaches are used to study the evolution of the energy balance. The first one uses microcalorimetric technique and the second infrared technique. Several industrial metallic materials are studied by both approaches. Energy data are used to control the validity domain of the classical behaviour laws and to elaborate new more appropriate ones. Therefore, the hardening parameters cannot be identified with the thermodynamical forces. The use of energy considerations allows the definition of new thermodynamical forces and state variables, in the case of isotropic or kinematical hardening.     

全国核与辐射安全监管信息系统的研究和建议

文章简要介绍了全国核与辐射安全监管信息系统的前期规划建设情况,包括基本建设内容、系统总体架构、以及工作中发现的影响和制约工作开展的主要问题,并提出了建议。     

Development and diversity and defense-in-depth application of ABWR feedwater pump and controller model

This work developed an advanced boiling water reactor (ABWR) feedwater pump and controller model, which was incorporated into Personal Computer Transient Analyzer (PCTran)-ABWR, a nuclear power plant simulation code. The feedwater pump model includes three turbine-driven feedwater pumps and one motor-driven feedwater pump. The feedwater controller includes a one-element/three-element water level controller and a specific feedwater speed controller for each feedwater pump. The performance tests, including step change of dome pressure, feedwater pumps transfer, inadvertent closure of all turbine control valves, and one feedwater pump trip at 100% power, demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic response of stand-alone model and incorporated model. Furthermore, a diversity and defense-in-depth analysis is performed to demonstrate the feasibility for motor-driven feedwater pump as an emergency core cooling system (ECCS) automatic diverse back-up. In Lungmen nuclear power plant (NPP), a diverse manual initiation means for the high pressure core flooder (HPCF) loop C is designed as the back-up of digitalized engineered safety features actuation system (ESFAS). If the motor-driven feedwater pump (MDFWP) can be an automatic digital diverse back-up for ESFAS, Lungmen NPP would be more robust to defend against software common-cause failure (CCF).     

Construction and operational experience with small and medium power reactors and expected improvements

Past experience with small and medium power reactors (SMPRs) in the areas of construction and operation is examined in this paper. Current development of SMPRs focuses on passive safety features; larger design and safety margins; reduction of construction periods through simplification, modularization and increased shop fabrication.