胶陀螺光敏毒性成分

食用未经碱处理过的胶陀螺子实体,会出现嘴巴肿胀、暴露在日光下的皮肤灼痛等过敏症状,一直以来困扰着长白山当地居民对这一美食的需求。本文旨在找到胶陀螺Bulgaria inquinans中光敏活性成分。将胶陀螺子实体粉末用丙酮回流提取,浓缩得到浸膏,加吐温-80溶解后灌胃昆明种小鼠,进行光敏活性试验。把出现光敏反应的小鼠处死后,取下红肿的小鼠耳朵用甲醇索式提取得活性组分,进行薄层色谱层析和柱层析,得到一种活性单体化合物,经核磁共振和电子轰击质谱波谱综合解析鉴定该化合物为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)。结果表明DiBP就是引起胶陀螺光敏中毒反应的活性成分,且经碱水降解后毒性降低。     

胶陀螺的化学成分及药理作用研究概况

胶陀螺[Bulgaria inquinans(Pers.)Fr.]作为一种长白山地区食药兼用的真菌,在夏、秋季节常见于蒙古栎的倒木及树桩上。文中将近年来国内外对胶陀螺的化学成分和药理作用的研究进行了综述,现已从胶陀螺中分离得到了苯并[j]荧蒽类、azaphilone类、醌类、甾类、萜类、苯丙素类等50多种化合物;在药理活性方面,胶陀螺具有抑菌、抗癌、光敏、抗疟疾、抗氧化、止痒、杀虫、抗血瘀等活性,而其中胶陀螺的光敏活性作为其特有的作用一直被关注,并已确定了光敏活性的有效组分。     

小桐子枝叶提取物对蚜虫的毒杀活性

以水、乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚为溶剂,采用冷浸法对小桐子(Jatropha curcas L. )枝叶进行了粗提并采用喷雾法测定了各粗提物对豌豆长管蚜[Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)]和桃蚜[Myzus persicae (Sulzer)]的毒力,从中筛选出毒力最高的粗提物进行进一步的活性组分分离及毒杀活性测定.结果显示,随溶剂极性的减小,小桐子枝叶不同溶剂粗提物的提取率降低,其中水和乙醇粗提物的提取率较高,分别为18.76%和11.94%;6种溶剂粗提物对豌豆长管蚜和桃蚜都具有一定的毒力,其中,乙醇粗提物的毒力显著高于其他溶剂粗提物,LC50分别为2.693 3和2.565 6 g·L-1.乙醇粗提物的水、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚萃取物均对桃蚜有一定的毒杀活性,其中石油醚萃取物的萃取率最高(74.27%),对桃蚜的毒杀活性均显著高于其他溶剂萃取物,8 g·L-1石油醚萃取物对桃蚜的24 h校正死亡率高达94.5%.研究结果表明,小桐子枝叶的灭蚜活性组分存在于其乙醇粗提物的低极性组分中.根据实验结果初步确定了小桐子枝叶灭蚜活性组分的提取流程.     

小桐子提取物除草活性的生物测定

为全面了解小桐子(Jatropha curcas L. )提取物的除草活性,以萝卜(Raphanus sativus L. )、苋(Amaranthus tricolor L. )、苏丹草[Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf]和黑麦草(Lolium perenne L. )为实验材料,对小桐子果壳和枝叶的水、乙醇(体积分数95%)、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚粗提物的除草活性进行了生物测定,并从中筛选出抑制作用最强的水粗提物进行进一步的活性组分分离及其除草活性的生物测定.测定结果显示,小桐子果壳和枝叶的6种溶剂提取物(10 g·L~(-1))对供试的4种植物幼苗的根长和茎高均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中水粗提物和乙醇(体积分数95%)粗提物的抑制作用较强,且水粗提物对供试的4种植物幼苗的根长和茎高的抑制作用均在75%以上,显著高于其他溶剂粗提物(P<0.05);石油醚粗提物的抑制作用最小,均在10%以下.小桐子果壳和枝叶水粗提物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物(10 g·L~(-1))对萝卜和苏丹草幼苗的根长和茎高均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中水、正丁醇和乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑制作用显著高于氯仿和石油醚萃取物,抑制率均在70%以上;水萃取物的抑制作用最强,抑制率均在80%以上;石油醚萃取物的抑制作用最小,抑制率均在10%以下.研究结果表明,小桐子果壳和枝叶的水粗提物具有一定的除草活性,其有效成分为极性较大的组分.     

灵香草净油化学成分分析及杀虫活性组分的应用研究

对灵香草净油成分进行GC-MS-DS分析,共分离得到104个色谱峰,鉴定出66个化学成分,其中6个化学成分为首次报道,净油主要成分为脂肪酸。分别用灵香草原材料粉末及乙酸乙酯、95%乙醇等不同溶剂的提取液,对跳蚤进行了味杀、触杀试验,试验结果表明:其活性组分在乙酸乙酯提取液中。把该提取液稀释到5%时,对动物体表的跳蚤有较好的杀灭效果。     

桦褐孔菌活性物质的提取工艺及体外抗糖尿病活性

对桦褐孔菌活性物质的提取工艺及其体外抗糖尿病活性进行研究。桦褐孔菌子实体用乙醇浸提后,乙醇粗提物用不同有机溶剂萃取,醇提残渣再以热水浸提,用标准曲线法测定活性组分中活性成分的含量,并检测活性物质对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除效果以及对关键糖代谢酶α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果表明:4种活性组分(乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、水相和粗多糖)对羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)都有较强的清除作用,其中乙酸乙酯组分的活性最高,乙醇粗提物萃取组分对α-淀粉酶有抑制活性,而粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制作用;桦褐孔菌具有抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性,其活性与活性物质种类及其含量具有相关性。     

徐闻普哥滨珊瑚土曲霉XWC21-10代谢产物活性及其活性物质的研究

为了开发利用海洋活性天然产物,对分离自普哥滨珊瑚的1株土曲霉XWC21-10次级代谢产物的活性及其活性成分进行初步研究。结果表明,该菌株发酵液的4种萃取物对6种指示菌均有明显的抑菌活性,说明具有广谱抑菌作用;菌丝体氯仿萃取物和发酵液乙酸乙酯萃取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)抑制作用最为明显,抑制率分别达到(79.37±1.53)%,(67.04±1.96)%。对具有明显活性的乙酸乙酯萃取物经硅胶柱层析分离得到11个级分。活性跟踪检测组分6、7、8、11活性较好,组分6、7成分相似,其主要含有还原性物质、高级醇、甾类等化合物;而级分11仅含有共轭基团化合物,成分相对简单。因此,该菌代谢产物具有良好的抑菌和抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,活性物质还有待进一步的纯化和确定,该研究可为开发抑菌剂和治疗早老性痴呆症提供基础。     

一株寄生油松毛虫的白僵菌毒素化学成分

[目的]从一株寄生于油松毛虫(Dentrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)越冬幼虫上的高毒力卵孢白僵菌(Beauveria tenella)的发酵液中,分离纯化出对油松毛虫幼虫具有杀虫活性的毒素物质.[方法]对这株白僵菌进行了液体培养,用乙酸乙酯对发酵液进行萃取,然后对粗提物进行了硅胶色谱分离,利用GC/MS对第6组物质进行化学成分分析.[结果]其发酵液的乙酸乙酯粗提物对油松毛虫具有杀虫活性(校正死亡率42.52%)对粗提物进行了硅胶色谱分离,共得到6组物质,其中第6组物质对油松毛虫的校正致死率达80.26%.利用GC/MS对第6组物质进行化学成分分析,得知其包括17个组分,其中相对含量大于10%的有:2-哌啶酮占14.02%,2.香豆满酮占47.10%,六氢化-吡咯环[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮占21.05%.用其中的2-哌啶酮和2-香豆满酮分别作杀虫试验,油松毛虫的校正死亡率分别为83.32%和91.61%.[结论]2-哌啶酮和2-香豆满酮是该白僵菌菌株的代谢毒素物质.     

大豆荚壳杀根结线虫成分的分离及其对抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用液-液分配萃取方法,从大豆荚壳甲醇提取物中分离获得石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水的萃取物,测定了其对南方根结线虫J2的毒杀活性,结果表明正丁醇萃取物比其它4种萃取物有更高的杀虫活性,24和48 h对线虫校正死亡率分别为57.76%和67.72%.将正丁醇萃取物通过硅胶柱层析和薄层层析,得到8个组分,通过杀虫活性试验,得到组分2和7为主要的杀虫活性组分,24和48 h对线虫校正死亡率分别为65.93%、66.65%和69.25%、68.51%.进一步就组分2和7对J2抗氧化酶活性的影响进行了研究,结果表明两种组分对谷胱甘肽转硫酶和过氧化氢酶活性都有一定的抑制作用,其中两种组分对过氧化氢酶活性的抑制效果差异不显著,组分7对谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性具有显著的抑制效果,24和48 h的抑制率分别可达72.36%和50.21%.说明大豆荚壳的杀线虫活性成分可能通过影响虫体内的氧化代谢,使线虫体内氧化和抗氧化作用失衡,最终导致线虫死亡.     

小桐子果壳提取物杀虫活性的生物测定

以水、乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚为溶剂,采用冷浸法对小桐子果壳进行粗提,并分别测定各粗提物对豌豆长管蚜和菜青虫的毒力,从中筛选出毒力最强的粗提物进一步对菜青虫进行作用方式的测定.6种溶剂粗提物对豌豆长管蚜和菜青虫的毒力测试结果表明:三氯甲烷提取物和乙醇提取物的活性显著高于其它溶剂提取物,且两种提取物对豌豆长管...     

Antinociceptive activity of Sesbania sesban (Linn) wood extracts, a preliminary study

The wood of the plant Sesbania sesban, is reported to have antinociceptive activity. To validate its folk use in the treatment of pain, wood was extracted successively with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water to produce respective extracts. The extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg, ip) were screened for antinociceptive activity using hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts showed significant and dose-dependent activity in both the tests. In order to find out the involvement of opioid receptors, effect of naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc) on the action of extracts was checked in hot plate test. Petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts showed significant and dose dependant antinociceptive activity. The antinociceptive action of the extracts was blocked by naloxone, suggesting involvement of opioid receptors in the action.     

乳孔硫磺菌的化学成分和抗氧化活性

对乳孔硫磺菌子实体不同极性提取物进行了DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力的测定,并对氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取物进行了分离纯化。结果表明,乳孔硫磺菌的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物均有一定的抗氧化活性,各提取物对两种自由基的清除能力均表现为甲醇提取物＞乙酸乙酯提取物＞氯仿提取物＞石油醚提取物,甲醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率最高可达到93.78%;对ABTS自由基的清除率最高可达到62.06%;从氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别是：(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇（1）,阿里红酸 A（2）,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇（3）,啤酒甾醇（4）,硫色多孔菌酸（5）,(4E,8E)-N-d-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl-1-O-β-d-glycopyranosyl- 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine（6）,麦角甾醇（7）,N-(2′-羟基二十四碳酰基)-1,3,4-三羟基-2-氨基-十八烷（8）,烟酸（9）和齿孔酸（10）。其中,化合物2、6、8和9为首次从硫磺菌属真菌中分离得到。     

Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from Bauhinia monandra

Bauhinia monandra Kurz. is used in Brazil for the treatment of diabetes. Since this activity may be correlated with the presence of antioxidant compounds, leaf extracts of B. monandra were evaluated for their radical scavenging capacity (RSC). An ethanolic extract was taken up in aqueous methanol and partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate to yield three organic extracts together with remaining aqueous extract. The RSC was determined spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were the most appropriate as sources of antioxidant compounds as shown by their inhibition concentration (IC50) and inhibition percentage (IP) values. The antioxidant activity of such extracts was attributed to the presence of three compounds of different polarities (flavonoids and steroids). The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited an IC50 of approximately 2 mg/g DPPH and IP values in the range of 60-65%. The results indicate that the extracts of B. monandra have a very potent antioxidant activity, compared with the pure catechins used as positive controls and with other plant extracts.     

In vitro antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiproliferative studies of four different extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus,Gynura procumbens and Ficus deltoidea

BackgroundMedicinal plants are important source of drugs with pharmacological activities. Therefore, there is always rising demands to discover more therapeutic agents from various species. Orthosiphon stamineus, Gynura procumbens and Ficus deltoidea are high valued medicinal plants of Malaysia contain rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The aims of the present study were to evaluate anti-oxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative effects on A549, HePG2 and MCF7 cell lines of four different extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus, Gynura procumbens and Ficus deltoidea.MethodologyThe leaves of all selected plants were extracted with methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol separately with simple cold maceration. Antioxidant activity of all crude extracts were quantitatively measured against DPPH and Ferric Reducing Assay. Antimicrobial evaluation was done by Microdilution and MTT assay and antipoliferative activity of all extracts of selected plant were evaluated against A549, HePG2 and MCF7 cell lines.ResultsResults showed that methanol extract exhibited highest percentage free radical scavenging activity of almost all extracts of selected plants. Antimicrobials results showed chloroform and methanol extracts of O. stamineus extract were the two most active extracts against resistant MRSA but not S. aureus. Only methanol extract of G. procumbens showed antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. Chloroform and methanol extracts of F. deltoidea elicited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus but not MRSA. Antiproliferative activity against three tested cell lines results showed that ethyl acetate extract of O. stamineus showed good effect whereas methanol extract of F. deltoidea and G. procumbens exhibited good antiproliferative activity.ConclusionsThe results of the present investigation demonstrated significant variations in the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects of different solvent extracts. These data could be helpful in isolation of pure potent compounds with good biological activities from the extracts of plants.     

Anti-herpes simplex virus component isolated from Maclura cochinchinensis.

The powerful anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity of Maclura cochinchinensis in vitro prompted us to carry out biologically-guided separation of the active component(s). Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exhibited anti-HSV-2 activity at EC50 values of 38.5 micrograms/ml and 50.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. Although petroleum ether extract was inactive, a chloroform extract was too toxic to the test cell culture to perform the test. Biologically-guided chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract yielded compound A, identified as morin using a spectroscopic method. Morin exhibited anti-HSV-2 activity at an EC50 value of 53.5 micrograms/ml. Morin pentaacetate was synthetized, but was inactive. This result suggested that free hydroxyl groups are required for anti-HSV-activity, as demonstrated previously for the antiviral activity of other flavonoids.     

黑刺菝葜根提取物的抑菌活性研究

以常见6种细菌和5种真菌为供试菌。采用滤纸片水平扩散法。对黑刺菝葜根的4种溶剂提取物和剩余水相大孔吸附树脂5种乙醇梯度洗脱物共9种提取物进行了室内抗菌生物活性测试,并对其主要的化学成分-常规的抗菌活性物质黄酮和甾体皂苷类化合物进行了定量测定。结果表明：黑刺菝葜根剩余水相大孔吸附树脂100％乙醇的洗脱物表现出极强的广谱性抗菌活性,80％乙醇的洗脱物对绿木霉、大肠杆菌显示出极强抑菌力;黑刺菝葜根的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌显示较强的抗性;根的石油醚提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌等有较强的抑制作用;根中所含的常规抑菌活性成分黄酮的含量为2．83％;甾体皂苷元的含量为4．55％。     

怀山药醇提取物抗DPPH自由基活性研究

将怀山药乙醇提取物采用溶剂萃取的方法,分成极性不同的五个部分,并首次用DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)方法测定各部分的抗自由基活性,发现乙酸乙酯萃取部分活性最强,氯仿萃取部分次之,再其次是正丁醇和水溶性部分。乙酸乙酯和氯仿萃取部分较强的抗自由基活性主要归因于其中所含的多酚类成分。同时利用薄层层析(TLC)、紫外光谱(UV)、^13C核磁共振(NMR)技术及显色反应对酚性成分进行了定性检验,并用Folin-Denis法测定了各萃取部位中酚性成分含量,发现抗自由基活性与萃取物中多酚性成分含量有一定的相关性。因而在评价怀山药质量时,其中所含的酚性成分不应忽视。     

三叶蔓荆子提取物对小菜蛾的拒食活性

室内测定了三叶蔓荆子(Vitex trifolia(L.))叶片提取物对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)3龄幼虫的拒食活性。非选择性试验结果表明,三叶蔓荆子的不同溶剂(乙酸乙酯、石油醚、氯仿和乙醇)提取物对小菜蛾均有一定的拒食作用。4种提取物对小菜蛾的毒力顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物>石油醚提取物>氯仿提取物>乙醇提取物。选择性试验表明,乙酸乙酯提取物对小菜蛾24、48h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为2 520、3240mg.L-1。室内盆栽试验结果表明,施用乙酸乙酯提取物(10000mg.L-1)3d后甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)植株上3龄小菜蛾的虫口减退率可达72.76%。