ApoB100／ApoA1比值对老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的预测作用

目的探讨ApoB100／ApoAl比值对于老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者在经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI）治疗后心血管事件的预测价值。方法人选2009年9月至2012年5月在广东省人民医院住院首次确诊为冠心病并行支架植入的年龄大于或等于65岁的患者271例为研究对象。根据载脂蛋白（apoprotein,Apo）B100／ApoAl比值的平均值（0．76）分为高比值组（n=127）和低比值组（n=144）;根据低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（10wdensitylipoproteincholesterol,LDL—C）浓度（2．06mmol／L）是否达标,分为达标组（n=213）和非达标组（n=58）;根据血运是否完全重建分为完全重建组（n=158）和不完全重建组（n=113）。术后均按要求进行冠心病二级预防．阿司匹林及氯吡格雷双联抗血小板药物服用一年,常规服用他汀类降脂药物,进行一年的电话随访。分析患者心血管事件（死亡、卒中、再血管化、再住院）的发生情况,根据年龄、脂蛋白（a）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（highdensitylipoproteincholesterol,HDL—C）、LDL．C、ApoB100、ApoAl、ApoB100／ApoAl、LDL—C／HDL—C、总胆固醇／HDL．C、non—HDL—C的水平分为高低两组,作为自变量,心血管事件的总体发生情况以及各个亚组为因变量,进行Logistic回归分析。结果在再血管化方面,ApoB100／ApoAl高比值组的发生率高于低比值组,两者问比较差异有统计学意义（11．02％VS．2．78％,P〈O．01）。在不完全血运重建患者中,ApoBl00／ApoAl高比值组再血管化发生率高于低比值组,差异有统计学意义（16．39％口53．85％,P=0．036）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,总体心血管事件的发生和各单个事件的发生与年龄、脂蛋白（a）、HDL．C、LDL—C、ApoB100、ApoAl、ApoB100／ApoAl、LDL—C／HDL—C、总胆固醇／HDL—C、non—HDL—C无统计学的相关性。结论Ap08100／ApoAl作为一个脂蛋白相关的指标,在预测老年人PCI治疗后心血管事件的发生有一定的价值,尤其是在不完全血运重建患者再血管化方面。     

高脂血症与血清载脂蛋白含量关系的研究

目的　探讨高脂血症与载脂蛋白的关系。方法　对杭州市 6 6 9名高脂血症患者和 2 6 2名健康人 ,用全自动生化分析仪测定TC、TG、HDL -C、LDL -C、ApoAⅠ、AⅡ、B、CⅡ、CⅢ、E。结果　与健康对照组比较 (1)高胆固醇血症组 ,HDL -C、LDL -C明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,各类载脂蛋白均升高 ,尤以ApoAⅠ升高最明显。 (2 )高甘油三酯血症组 ,HDL-C低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,LDL -C无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,ApoAⅠ降低 (P <0 0 1) ,ApoB、ApoCⅡ、ApoCⅢ、ApoE均有明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。 (3)混合型高脂血症组 ,LDL -C升高 (P <0 0 1) ,ApoAⅡ、ApoB、ApoCⅡ、ApoCⅢ、ApoE升高最明显 (P <0 0 1)。结论　高脂血症ApoAⅡ、B、CⅡ、CⅢ、E水平均升高 ;高胆固醇血症ApoAⅠ、B和HDL -C、LDL -C可同时升高 ;ApoCⅢ是高甘油三酯的重要影响因素 ;混合型高脂血症高甘油三酯伴LDL -C/HDL -C比值升高 ,可视为CHD的高危人群     

老年冠心病患者血清脂质和脂质过氧化物测定的临床意义

本文观测了４４例老年冠心病患者血清脂质，丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶，并与健康老年人对照比较，结果显示除胆固醇外其余各项指标２组间均有显著差异，老年ＣＨＤ组ＭＤＡ明显高于对照组，而ＳＯＤ则与之相反。多元回归分析表明，血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与ＳＯＤ呈显著正相关。提示老年ＣＨＤ患者高脂血症与脂质过氧化间有一定关系，它对判断老年ＣＨＤ的病情及预后有重要参考意义。     

外周血血脂水平与老年性白内障相关性研究

目的探讨外周血血脂水平与年龄相关性白内障(age-related cataract,ARC)的相关性。方法采用回顾性病例对照设计,选取2018年1月—2019年12月于复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院就诊并确诊为ARC的患者280例作为观察组,其中男性140例,女性140例。同时选取同期217例正常健康体检者作为对照组,其中男性109例,女性108例。使用罗氏全自动生化分析仪检测受试者外周血胆固醇(cholesterol,CHOL)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A(apolipoprotein A,Apo A)和载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,Apo B)水平。采用独立样本t检验及二元多因素Logistic回归,分析上述血脂指标在观察组和对照组间的差异及其与ARC的相关性。结果观察组外周血CHOL、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ApoA、ApoB水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),并且在男性和女性亚组中均观察到相似的结果。Logistic回归分析显示,观察组CHOL(P=0.002,OR=1.467,95%CI=1.151~1.871)、TG(P<0.001,OR=3.400,95%CI=2.312~5.001)、HDL-C(P<0.001,OR=7.632,95%CI=3.8942~14.958)、LDL-C(P<0.001,OR=6.306,95%CI=4.440~9.011)、ApoB(P<0.001,OR=40.893,95%CI=16.003~104.493)、BMI(P<0.001,OR=1.256,95%CI=1.171~1.348)水平与ARC的发病存在一定相关性;与男性相比,外周血HDL-C(P<0.001,OR=9.180,95%CI=3.317~25.404)、LDL-C(P<0.001,OR=8.652,95%CI=4.965~15.077)和ApoB(P<0.001,OR=75.614,95%CI=19.448~293.990)水平较高的女性患ARC的风险更高。结论ARC患者外周血脂水平升高,CHOL、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ApoB升高可能增加中老年人群发生ARC的风险。     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白AV与脂蛋白(a)关系研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白AV(ApoAV)与脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]之间的关系.方法:入选120例住院患者均接受冠状动脉造影检查,根据造影结果分为冠心病组60例和对照组60例,所有患者均测定空腹血糖(FBG)、血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、载脂蛋白A1(ApoAI)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)与LP(a);同时采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ApoAV.所有资料均进行正态性检验.结果:冠心病组血清ApoAV、ApoAI、HDL-C显著低于对照组[(206.76±135.95)μg/L∶(265.33±122.35)μg/L],[(1.09±0.26)g/L∶(1.23±0.25)g/L],[(1.22±0.29)mmol/L∶(1.31±0.21)mmol/L],P<0.01;TG、LP(a)高于对照组[(1.64±1.15)mmol/L∶(1.10±0.37)mmol/L],[(393.03±280.08)mg/L∶(218.37±60.58)mg/L],P<0.01.ApoAV与TG、LP(a)呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关.结论:冠心病患者血清ApoAV降低、LP(a)增高.ApoAV与LP(a)对冠心病的发展影响不同.     

The relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in general population of China

Inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is considered as a major predictor of cardiovascular events. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) directly reflects the number of plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, and may play a major role in vascular inflammation. We aimed to assess whether an association between ApoB and hsCRP exists and, furthermore, to examine whether ApoB is more predictive of the inflammatory status than other cardiovascular risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study, with 511 apparently healthy adult subjects enrolled. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Plasma glucose levels, hsCRP, lipid profile, and insulin were collected after 10-14 h fasting. From the lowest to the highest quartile of hsCRP, the values for BMI, WC, BP, HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose level, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB and the ApoB/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) ratio were increased as the hsCRP level increased (P < 0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoA1 levels declined as hsCRP level increased (P < 0.0001). Pearson's correlation analysis demonstrated that hsCRP correlated with all variables (P < 0.01), except for total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.154) and LDL-C (P = 0.087). According to forward stepwise regression analysis with hsCRP as the dependent variable, WC was the only variable entered the regression model. ApoB level correlated with hsCRP level but was not the major determinant of hsCRP. WC was stronger than other cardiovascular risk factors in the associations with hsCRP. Abdominal obesity rather than atherogenic dyslipidemia was the primary cause of chronic inflammatory status.     

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Objectives Apolipoprotein(Apo) A5 gene poly-morphisms and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but little is known about their interactions on serum lipid levels.The present study was undertaken polymorphismsand alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15 -89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the ApoA5was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoA5alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the aforementioned factor.Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P<0.05-0.001).The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were not different between the two groups.The levels of TG in non-drinkers, and TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and ApoB in drinkers were different among the three -1131T>C genotypes(P<0.05-0.001).The -1131C allele carriers had higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.The levels of TG,HDL-C and ApoB in nondrinkers,and TG and HDL-C in drinkers were different between the two c.553G>T genotypes(P<0.05-0.01).The C.553T allele carriers had higher serum TG and ApoB levels,and lower HDL-C levels than the allele noncarriers.Serum lipid levels in nondrinkers were not different among the three c.457G>A genotypes(P<0.05 for all), but the levels of HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1 and ApoB in drinkers were different between the GG and GA/AA geno-types (P<0.05-0.001).The C.457A allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.We also observed four haplotypes:G-G-T, G-G-C,G-A-T,and T-G-C with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87,representing 100%o     

Relationship between ApolipoproteinB 100/ApoA1 ratio and coronary artery disease in elderly

Background Less studies were done to compare the lipid ratios including ApoB100 / ApoA1, LDL-C / HDL- C,TC / HDL-Cin elderly. So the study was to investigate the relationship between Apolipoprotein B100 / ApoA1 ratio and coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly. Methods 498 participants aged over 65 years with chest pain had been subsumed from Sep. 2009 to April 2011 of Guangdong General Hospital. Clinic informations of gender, age, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking was collected. Simultaneously, serum lipids should be phlebotomized in 24 hours after be inpatient. ApoB100 / ApoA1 ratio, LDL-C / HDL-C ratio. TC / HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C were calculated using the above data. Accroding to the mean of ApoB100 / ApoA1 ratio, ApoB100, non-HDL-C, all individuals were divided into two groups: high level group and low level group, while all individuals were divided into two groups whether the level of LDL-C was achieve 2.06 mmol / L. We classified the participants into CAD group and non-CAD group on the basis of CAG. The incidence of CAD was compared between the two groups of four different lipid indicators. The ability of estimating CAD was described by Reciever Operating Characteristic curve(ROC curve). Result There were significantly statistical differences in the incidence of CAD between the high level group and low level group of ApoB100 / ApoA1 ratio (75.0% vs. 55.9%, χ2 = 19.681, P < 0.001). By logistic regression analysis, odds ratio of ApoB100 / ApoA1 ratio was 2.142, 95% CI (1.437, 3.195)(P < 0.001). The AUC (area under curve) of ApoB100 / ApoA1 ratio were 0.66. There were significant for diagnosis of CAD (P < 0.001). Conclusion The ApoB100 / ApoA1 ratio was an independent risk factor of CAD in elderly population, and it is better than traditional lipid indicators, and can be used for the ability of estimating CAD.     

载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1及相关血脂指标对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术预后的预测价值

目的探讨冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous transluminal coronary, PCI）术后载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1（ApoB/A1）比值及相关血脂指标的变化,及其对术后心脏事件的预测价值。 方法收集2013年5月至2014年8月在晋中市第一人民医院行PCI的老年患者117例,根据服用降脂药物的种类分为阿托伐他汀组（71例）、辛伐他汀组（46例）。观察比较两组患者术前及术后1、6、12个月的总胆固醇（TC）、LDL-C、HDL-C水平及ApoB/ApoA1、TC/HDL比值的变化情况,并分析其与12个月内发生心脏事件（再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、心源性猝死、再次血管重建术、死亡）的相关性。组间不同时点的比较以及趋势性和交互作用均采用重复测量方差分析,预后分析采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）。 结果出院后1个月内不良事件发生率为4.3%（5/117）,出院后1～6个月不良事件发生率为6.0%（7/117）,出院后6～12个月不良事件发生率为12.0%（14/117）。两组患者LDL-C、HDL-C、TC水平及ApoB/ApoA1比值、TC/HDL-C比值的变化均为线性趋势（F=53.878、134、10.364、52.852、64.523,P<0.05或0.01）,而且随访期间两组患者LDL-C、HDL-C、TC水平均处于正常范围。术后1个月,各项血脂指标对于判断PCI术后预后的意义不大,但ApoB/ApoA1比值较其他血脂指标对术后预后判断价值更大（AUC=0.43,最接近0.05）;术后6、12个月ApoB/ApoA1比值较其他血脂指标对术后预后判断价值也更大（AUC=0.709、0.010,均P<0.05）。 结论PCI术后ApoB /ApoA1比值与心脏事件的发生相关,相对于其他血脂指标预测价值更大,而且随着时间的延长其预测性越来越准确。     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化与其相关危险因素.方法 老年2型糖尿病组(260例)和对照组(206例),分别记录两组患者的年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、血压(BP)、糖尿病病程、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆同醇(LDL-C)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)等,并同时进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,测量颈动脉内膜.中层厚度及动脉粥样硬化斑块的大小、位置及数量.采用Logistic回归模型分析颈动脉粥样硬化与各因素的相关性.结果 (1)糖尿病组颈动脉内膜-中层明显增厚者241例(92.6%),对照组43例(20.8%);糖尿病组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块者212例(81.3%),对照组42例(20.3%);糖尿病组颈动脉狭窄为89例(34.2%),对照组3例(0.01%).糖尿病组颈动脉血管病变与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为249.06、173.32、77.92,均P<0.01);(2)糖尿病组FPG、PPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB和CRP与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为16.99、15.82、15.92、6.43、10.84、3.69、17.09,均P<0.05);而HDL-C、ApoA则降低(t值分别为4.54、37.74,均P<0.05).糖尿病合并颈动脉病变较无颈动脉病变者HbA1c、TG、LDL-C、ApoB和CRP升高(t值分别为3.02、3.26、3.79、9.06、2.50,均P<0.01);(3)Logistic分析显示年龄、性别、病程、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、收缩压和CRP等因素是老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉病变发生的独立危险因素(OR值分别为1.063、1.925、1.081、1.039、0.138、1.865、5.145、5.663,均P<0.05).结论 老年2型糖尿病颈动脉病变与多种危险因素有关,早期较好地干预、控制这些危险因素对预防及治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

雌激素替代疗法对绝经后冠心病患者及正常妇女的影响

目的观察雌激素治疗绝经后冠心病患及正常妇女体内血脂、血小板聚集率、氧自由基及纤溶活性变化。方法选５３例绝经后妇女冠心病患为冠心病组,４２例绝经后健康妇女为正常对照组,每组病例再单盲随机分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组予尼尔雌醇（每月４ｍｇ／次）治疗６个月,安慰剂组予安慰剂治疗,观察治疗前后患雌激素水平及血脂各项指标、血小板聚集率、氧自由基和纤溶活性变化。结果冠心病组雌激素水平低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜     

The contribution of ApoB and ApoA1 measurements to cardiovascular risk assessment

LDL has been widely recognized as the major atherogenic lipoprotein and designated as the primary target for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD); however, there is growing evidence that other triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) carry atherogenic potential as well. This led to the designation of non-HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (LDL + IDL + VLDL) as a secondary target of treatment for hyperlipidaemia. As each one of LDL, IDL and VLDL particles carries only one apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) molecule, the total ApoB value represents the total number of potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, whereas non-HDL-C provides the cholesterol content of these same lipoproteins. Recent data from epidemiological, observational and interventional studies suggest that non-HDL-C, apolipoproteins ApoA1 and ApoB may improve CHD risk assessment by identifying more high-risk individuals than the usual lipid profile alone. However, the targets for the optimal treatment of dyslipidaemia remain a subject of considerable debate. Further studies are needed to determine whether ApoB and ApoA1 are superior to conventional lipid parameters as predictors of cardiovascular disease or therapeutic targets of hyperlipidaemias. In this review, we summarize the current opinions on the use of ApoA1 and ApoB values as estimates of cardiovascular risk or as treatment goals in patients undergoing treatment for hyperlipidaemia.     

老年男性ApoA／ApoB与代谢综合征及其各组分相关性研究

目的探讨老年男性中载脂蛋白A／载脂蛋白B（ApoA／ApoB）与代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome，MS）及其相关组分的关系。方法采用横断面调查方法，选取2006年6月至2006年12月在我科进行体检的具有完整资料的老年男性共1729人，平均年龄（73．94±6．77）岁。测量身高、体质量、腰围、血压、血糖、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、ApoA、ApoB、ApoA／ApoB。根据ApoA／ApoB四分位值将人群分为4组，以Logistic回归分析ApoA／ApoB与MS及其组分的关系。结果（1）中心性肥胖、高TG、低水平HDL-C、高血糖、MS患病率随着ApoA／ApoB降低而逐渐升高（P〈0．01）。（2）有代谢异常患者ApoA／ApoB水平较无代谢异常者低（P〈0．01）。（3）ApoA／ApoB水平随代谢异常组分增多而降低（P〈0．01）。（4）ApoA／ApoB下四分位组发生MS是ApoA／ApoB上四分位组的4．126倍（P〈0．01）。去除高血脂影响后，ApoA／ApoB下四分位组发生MS是ApoA／ApoB上四分位组的2．651倍（P〈0．01）。结论ApoA／ApoB与MS及其相关组分有密切的关系，MS、代谢异常者ApoA／ApoB较低。而低ApoA／ApoB也较易出现MS。ApoA／ApoB对MS的影响是独立于TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C之外的。     

Association of waist circumference with ApoB to ApoAI ratio in black and white Americans.

BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies have demonstrated obesity as an aspect of the insulin resistance syndrome in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the mechanism is not clear. Central adiposity, acting through many CVD risk factors, including, plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein moities-apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoAI), by atherogenic and thrombotic mechanisms has been proposed as a possible mechanism. In this study, we examined the relationship between central fat distribution (defined by waist circumference) and the ratio of these lipoproteins (ApoB/ApoAI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Association between ApoB/ApoAI ratio and waist circumference was compared in Blacks (n = 854) and Whites (n = 2552) using the NHANES III population-based samples. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the association between ApoB/ApoAI and waist circumference, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), race, gender, plasma glucose, insulin, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, ApoB/ApoAI was significantly correlated with waist circumference (Black men: r = 0.38, White men: r = 0.26, Black women: r = 0.20, White women: r = 0.36) (all P < 0.01). Adjusting for age and triglyceride or insulin, waist circumference was also positively correlated with CVD risk factors including, ApoB, LDL-C, plasma glucose and fasting insulin, and inversely correlated with ApoAI and HDL-C in Blacks and Whites (P < 0.05). Overall, triglyceride and total cholesterol were the strongest predictors of ApoB/ApoAI in Blacks and Whites adjusting for age, BMI and insulin, than waist girth (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study suggests the need to investigate ApoB/ApoAI as another possible facet in the insulin resistant syndrome.     

Associations between serum lipids and causes of mortality in a cohort of 3,499 urban Thais: The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) study

The association between serum lipids and mortality has not previously been established in Thailand. Baseline data from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) cohort study, plus a resurvey of the cohort 15 years later were analyzed. Participants were employees of EGAT: 2,702 men and 797 women. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were taken as predictive variables; age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and body mass index were taken as confounders. Dependent variables were all-causes and specific causes of mortality over 17 years of follow-up. The major cause of death among men was cardiovascular disease (CVD); among women, it was cancer. Relative risks (RR) for specific causes of death, for a mmol/L increase in each lipid, were estimated after adjustment for confounding factors using Cox proportional hazards regression. TC and LDL-C were negatively associated with liver cirrhosis mortality, although it was likely that the low cholesterol concentration was a consequence of the disease. HDL-C was negatively associated with CVD mortality (RR = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.93), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (RR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.75) and all cause-mortality (RR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87). TG was not associated with mortality. HDL-C is an important risk factor for CVD in middle-class urban Thais. Health promotion programs to improve lipid profiles, such as effective exercise campaigns and dietary advice, are required to increase HDL-C and to help prevent CVD and premature death in Thailand.     

老年糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死血脂异常分析

目的　分析老年糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死与血脂异常的关系。　 方法　收集我院老年糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者 45例 (Ⅰ组 ) ,无急性心肌梗死的老年糖尿病患者 32例 (Ⅱ组 ) ,老年对照组 2 7例 (Ⅲ组 ) ,检测血脂水平并进行比较。　 结果 　糖尿病合并心肌梗死组血甘油三酯 (TG)、载脂蛋白B明显升高 ,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、载脂蛋白A1显著降低 ,与Ⅱ组相比 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ,与Ⅲ组相比血TG水平升高 ,HDL降低 (P <0 0 1)。　 结论 　TG升高、HDL降低是老年糖尿病心血管并发症的主要危险因素     

心血管病患者幽门螺杆菌感染与血脂、一氧化氮水平的关系

目的 :探讨幽门螺杆菌 （HP）感染与血脂、一氧化氮 （NO）水平的关系。方法 :测定心血管疾病患者 192例的血清 HPIg G、总胆固醇 （TC）、甘油三脂 （TG）、载脂蛋白 A1（Apo A1）、载脂蛋白 B（Apo B）、脂蛋白 a[L p（a） ]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （HDL- C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （L DL- C）、一氧化氮 （NO）、一氧化氮合酶 （NOS）的含量。结果 :HP感染10 8例 ,HP感染组的血清 TG,Apo B,NOs,NO浓度较未感染组明显升高 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,TC,L p（a） ,L DL- C有增高趋势 ,但未达显著水平 .结论 :HP感染可明显升高血清 TG,Apo B,NOS,NO的含量。     

Serum cardiovascular risk factors in obstructive sleep apnea

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The cardiovascular markers associated with OSA are currently not defined. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine whether OSA is associated with serum cardiac risk markers and to investigate the relationship between them. METHODS: Sixty-two male patients were classified into two groups with respect to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): group 1, sleep apnea (n = 30), with AHI > 5; and group 2 (n = 32), with AHI < 5. We compared cardiovascular risk factors in both groups with control subjects (n = 30) without OSA (AHI < 1). Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine were measured. Statistical significance was assessed with analysis of variance at p < 0.05. In correlation analysis, Pearson correlation was used. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a). All of the M-mode echocardiographic parameters were in the normal reference range. Serum homocysteine and CRP levels were significantly increased in group 1 compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). Serum CRP values were increased in both group 1 and group 2 when compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). Serum homocysteine values were higher in group 1 than in control subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that OSA syndrome is associated not only with slight hyperhomocysteinemia but also with increased CRP concentrations. Increased plasma concentrations of homocysteine and CRP can be useful in clinical practice to be predictor of long-term prognosis for cardiovascular disease and the treatment of OSA.     

Relationship between plasma lipids and all-cause mortality in nondemented elderly

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between plasma lipids and risk of death from all causes in nondemented elderly. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Community-based sample of Medicare recipients, aged 65 years and older, residing in northern Manhattan. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand two hundred seventy-seven nondemented elderly, aged 65 to 98; 672 (29.5%) white/non-Hispanic, 699 (30.7%) black/non-Hispanic, 876 (38.5%) Hispanic, and 30 (1.3%) other. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measures: fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDL-C, body mass index, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. clinical measures: neuropsychological, neurological, medical, and functional assessments; medical history of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and treatment with lipid-lowering drugs. Vital status measure: National Death Index date of death. Survival methods were used to examine the relationship between plasma lipids and subsequent mortality in younger and older nondemented elderly, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Nondemented elderly with levels of total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C in the lowest quartile were approximately twice as likely to die as those in the highest quartile (rate ratio (RR)=1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3-2.4). These results did not vary when analyses were adjusted for body mass index, APOE genotype, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diagnosis of cancer, current smoking status, or demographic variables. The association between lipid levels and risk of death was attenuated when subjects with less than 1 year of follow-up were excluded (RR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-2.1). The relationship between total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides and risk of death did not differ for older (>or=75) and younger participants (>75), whereas the relationship between LDL-C and risk of death was stronger in younger than older participants (RR=2.4, 95% CI=1.2-4.9 vs RR=1.6, 95% CI=1.02-2.6, respectively). Overall, women had higher mean lipid levels than men and lower mortality risk, but the risk of death was comparable for men and women with comparable low lipid levels. CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate of frailty or subclinical disease. More research is needed to understand these associations.     

Hepatitis C infection is associated with lower lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in HIV-infected men

Increased cardiovascular risk has been linked to HIV infection and combination antiretroviral therapy, but the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) status on indices of cardiovascular risk has not been routinely assessed in the HIV-infected population. The objective of this study was to analyze associations of HCV, HIV, and combination antiretroviral therapy with lipid levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) among older men. We measured fasting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, and high-sensitivity CRP serum levels in a cross-sectional study of 108 HIV-infected and 74 HIV-uninfected at-risk older men. One hundred ten men (60%) had detectable HCV RNA, with no difference by HIV status (p = 0.25). The majority (88%) of men with HCV infection had a history of injection drug use. Among all men, HCV infection was independently associated with lower total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.01), and CRP (p = 0.001). Among HIV-infected men, HCV infection was associated with lower total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p < 0.001), and CRP (p = 0.004). HCV infection was associated with lower triglycerides among men on protease inhibitors (PI) (p = 0.02) and non-PI combination antiretroviral therapy (p = 0.02), but not among antiretroviral-na?ve men. These findings demonstrate an association of lower serum lipid and CRP levels with HCV infection and suggest that HCV status should be assessed as an important correlate of cardiovascular risk factors in studies of older men with or at risk for HIV.