蓖麻油基阻燃增塑剂的合成及在聚氯乙烯中的应用

为了进一步利用可再生资源为原料合成环保增塑剂,文中以蓖麻油和自制的含磷阻燃剂为原料合成了一种含磷阻燃增塑剂,再将其环氧化得到蓖麻油基含磷阻燃增塑剂(P-ECO)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和核磁共振磷谱对产物的结构进行表征。将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)热塑共混成型,通过动态力学性能、拉伸性能测试、热重评价了蓖麻油基含磷增塑剂应用于PVC的增塑效果;随着P-ECO含量的增加,体系的Tg从41℃下降到9℃,拉伸强度随之下降到10.17 MPa,而断裂伸长率由146.22%增加到197.31%。通过测试极限氧指数、锥形量热仪测试其阻燃性能,氧指数达到28.1%,热释放速率最高为280.46kW/m2。     

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Multi-layer Graphene Filled Poly(vinyl chloride) Composite Films

In order to improve mechanical properties of soft poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) films,we used commercial multi-layer graphene(MLG) with large size and high structural integrity as reinforcing fillers,and prepared MLG/PVC composite films by using conventional melt-mixing methods.Microstructures,static and dynamic mechanical properties of the MLG/PVC composite films were investigated.The results showed that a small amount of MLG loading could greatly increase the mechanical properties of the MLG/PVC composites.The tensile modulus of the 0.96 wt%MLG/PVC composites was up to 40 MPa,increasing by31.3%in comparison to the neat PVC.Such a significant mechanical reinforcement was mainly attributed to uniform dispersion of the large-size MLG,good compatibility and strong interactions among MLG and plasticizers and PVC.     

聚苯胺-聚氯乙烯复合物的研究

作为导电聚合物中的一员,聚苯胺是一类非常有前景的聚合物,而聚氯乙烯是一种重要且应用很广的塑料.概述了聚苯胺与聚氯乙烯的复合方法,包括直接复合、接枝复合、增塑型复合.针对实现聚氯乙烯的可塑性加工重点介绍了增塑型复合,并展望了聚苯胺-聚氯乙烯复合物的应用.     

Properties,Benefits, and Application of Nanocrystalline Structures in Magnetic Materials

The magnetic properties of nanocrystalline hard magnetic and soft magnetic are summarized. When the grain size becomes of the order f the magnetic exchange length exchange coupling occurs. The different concepts of exchange coupling in these materials are discussed. Exchange coupling leads in isotropic hard magnetic materials to a remanence enhancement. Soft magnetic materials exhibit due to exchange coupling a lower coercivity, lower losses and consequently also improved properties.     

Poly(ethylene glycol) enhanced dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), an environment-friendly reaction medium, has been adopted to accelerate the dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Experimental results demonstrated that at 210 degrees C for 1h the dechlorination degree was as high as 74.2% for PVC/PEG, while for PVC only 50.0%. Moreover, from thermogravimetric analysis, it was found that for PVC/PEG the decomposition of PVC corresponding to the dehydrochlorination stage shifted to lower temperatures compared with that of pure PVC, suggesting some interactions exist between PEG and PVC that caused the faster dehydrochlorination rate. In addition, during this process, no waste byproducts such as KCl have been produced, and satisfactory recyclability of PEG (10 cycles) has been obtained.     

纳米陶瓷TiO_2的制备和特性

本文论述了用惰性气体原位加压（ＩＧＣ）法制备纳米级ＴｉＯ２粉体，并探讨了几种烧结方法中的工艺参数影响，研究了纳米晶的特性和超塑性机理     

桐油基环氧增塑剂的合成及在聚氯乙烯中的应用

将合成的目标产物环氧桐马甲酯二异辛酯(EDOMEM)与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)复配使用增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC)。采用红外光谱对EDOMEM结构进行表征,采用热重分析、热重-红外、热重-质谱、转矩流变仪、万能拉力等测试对共混试样进行了分析。结果表明,相比于试样F0,F4的T_i、T_(10)、T_(50)分别提高了5.6℃、12.6℃和25.4℃;TGA-FT-IR和TGA-MS说明PVC共混物热降解过程中的主要气体为H_2O、CO、HCl、CO_2和C_6H_6;当EDOMEM的含量由0%增加到33.3%(占增塑剂总质量百分比)时,断裂伸长率提高了9%,使得体系柔韧性得以改善;动态热稳定性由原来的12.1min延长至40.2min,加工稳定性能更好;此外,随着EDOMEM含量增加,挥发性和抽出性损失降低,增塑剂在塑料制品中的稳定性得以改善。因此,EDOMEM可以作为PVC的一种良好的辅助增塑剂使用。     

秸秆／聚氯乙烯复合材料的初步研究

本文介绍了一种新型的秸秆处理方法 ,即将秸秆与聚氯乙烯复合制备替代木材使用的秸秆 /塑料复合材料。主要从秸秆含量、处理剂含量对复合材料的力学性能和成型加工性能的影响 ,以及复合材料的形态等方面进行了研究。     

聚氯乙烯/氧化石墨烯薄膜的力学性能和热稳定性能

通过溶液共混法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)分散均匀的聚氯乙烯(PVC)/GO纳米复合薄膜,研究了薄膜的力学性能和热稳定性能。结果表明,微量GO能大幅度提高PVC的模量和拉伸强度,且保持较高的断裂伸长率。在PVC中添加质量分数为0.12%的GO,PVC的拉伸强度提高63%,杨氏模量提高20%;添加量为0.60%时,PVC的拉伸强度提高125%,杨氏模量提高126%.添加GO还能提高PVC的起始分解温度、最大分解温度以及PVC的成碳量。GO片层具有较高的强度和模量、GO在高分子基体内的均匀分散、GO和PVC之间较强的相互作用、GO与PVC的层状结构,是其力学性能提高的主要原因.     

环保型增塑聚氯乙烯的热响应形状记忆性能与机理

采用环保型增塑剂乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）制备了具有较宽玻璃化转变温域的增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC）,研究了开关温度（T_s）的选择对材料形状记忆性能的影响。增塑PVC的形状固定率始终接近100%,与T_s大小无关,但当T_s从70℃升高到100℃,形状回复率由91.5%降至85.5%,回复速率和回复应力也同时劣化。在低的T_s下进行同条件拉伸时,增塑PVC高的储能模量赋予其更强的弹性能贮存能力,可提供更大的回复应力,进而加速回复过程。机理研究表明,增塑PVC的形状记忆效应源于微晶和无定形分子链的协同作用,PVC微晶作为物理交联点,充当固定相,其结构和含量在形状记忆前后不变,无定形分子链基于T_s的选定划分为软链和硬链部分,分别充当可逆相和第二固定相。提高T_s会增大软链比例,加剧分子链滑移,而硬链的减少弱化了固定相对分子链滑移的抑制作用,最终导致形状回复率的降低。     

Preparation and Properties of Asphalt Modified with a Composite Composed of Waste Package Poly（vinyl chloride） and Organic Montmorillonite

A composite composed of waste package poly（vinyl chloride）（WPVC） and organic montmorillonite（OMMT） was prepared by coextrusion, which is used for modifying asphalt. The micromorphology of the WPVC/OMMT composite and its effect on the macroscopic properties of asphalt were studied using a fluorescent microscope and an X-ray diffractometer（XRD）. The introduction of OMMT allows the WPVC to be good dispersed in the asphalt matrix, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） analysis. The results indicate that asphalt modified by WPVC/OMMT composites with low OMMT content results in better high-temperature storage stability and physical properties of modified asphalt.     

生物活性聚乙烯醇/羟基磷灰石复合水凝胶的结构与性能

本工作研究了聚乙烯醇和羟基磷灰石复合型生物活性水凝胶,探讨了工艺条件和配方对其拉伸强度,压缩强度,粘弹性、润滑性等生物力学性能的影响,观察和比较了复合水凝胶的微观形貌.研究表明聚乙烯醇和羟基磷灰石可形成接近纳米级的均匀分散结构,良好相容,使复合凝胶的力学强度和润滑性能提高,其应力松弛性能更接近天然软骨的粘弹性.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯/二氧化硅杂化材料的制备与性能研究

以硅酸钠在HCl溶液中的水解,经四氢呋喃(THF)萃取,制备聚硅酸溶胶,再与聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAC)的THF溶液混合,经溶胶-凝胶过程制备了PVAC/SiO2有机/无机杂化材料.用扫描电镜(SEM),红外光谱(IR),X射线衍射,热失重及透光率等的分析测试,对制备的PVAC/SiO2杂化材料进行了结构与性能的研究.结果表明:本法制备的杂化材料中SiO2在PVAC的基体中分布均匀,SiO2在非晶态的PVAC中亦呈无定形态,杂化材料的硬度、软化温度和热分解温度都比纯PVAC有较大的提高;SiO2含量少于40%的杂化材料其断裂伸长率、屈服强度和断裂强度也比纯PVAC提高;另外,还发现在制备过程中加入少许偶联剂KH-570后,杂化材料中的有机-无机相间的相容性增加,不易发生相分离,材料的透光性能也大为改善.     

碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合材料的制备及其导电性的研究

在碳纳米管的羧基化改性过程中采用不同的处理条件对羧基化程度进行对比分析,在碳纳米管/PVA复合材料的制备中采用不同的配比进行混合制备,再对此复合材料进行一系列测定以表征其电导性质.通过红外光谱及激光粒径分析仪对产品形态和结构进行了分析和表征,结果表明,所制备的碳纳米管,羧基已经成功接上碳管、表面形态较规整、纯度较高,具有较好的羧基化碳纳米管结构;热性能测试结果显示,复合材料膜的结晶温度有所提高;导电性能测试结果显示,复合材料呈现出典型的金属性导电性能.     

Co_xFe_3－xO_4纳米晶的磁性与组成关系

各种组成的Ｃｏ＿ｘＦｅ＿３－ｘＯ＿４纳米晶是通过作者改进的化学共沉淀法制备的￣［１］。考察了系列组成Ｃｏ＿ｚＦｅ＿３－ｘＯ＿４样品的穆斯堡尔效应，推算出晶体中阳离子分布与饱和磁矩同Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）含量的关系。     

改性三叶形聚乙烯醇纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的结构与性能

异形截面纤维大的比表面积有利于提高纤维与基体树脂间的界面结合,改善复合材料的强度和韧性.文中采用环氧氯丙烷对熔纺三叶形聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维进行表面改性,通过模压成型首次制备了改性三叶形PVA纤维/环氧树脂复合材料.对比研究了改性前后三叶形PVA纤维表面结构和性能及对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,改性后三叶形PVA...     

单层和双层包覆ZnSnO_3微胶囊对PVC膜阻燃及抑烟性能影响

采用极限氧指数(LOI)值、垂直水平燃烧测试、烟密度测试(SDR)、SEM、TG分析,研究了单层ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2微胶囊和双层ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2@三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)微胶囊对聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜的阻燃及抑烟性能的影响。结果表明,ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2和ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2@MF微胶囊能有效提高PVC膜阻燃、抑烟、抗熔滴、自熄性能;且随着单层或双层微胶囊含量的增加,ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2/PVC和ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2@MF/PVC膜的极限氧指数增加,但其烟密度和自熄时间降低。TG结果表明,随着微胶囊含量增加,ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2/PVC和ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2@MF/PVC膜的初始降解温度向低温偏移,且其残炭量增加。ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2/PVC和ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2@MF/PVC膜的残炭SEM表明,添加ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2和ZnSnO_3@Mg(OH)_2@MF微胶囊能有效地促进材料燃烧时产生致密碳层,不仅可以抑制氧气和热量进入PVC膜内部,而且可以抑制可燃性气体向PVC膜外逸出。SEM和拉伸强度结果显示,双层微胶囊可有效改善无机粒子在PVC基体中的分散性和相容性。     

Structural and morphological changes in Poly(caprolactone)/poly(vinyl chloride) blends caused by UV irradiation

Films made from a blend of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PCL/PVC) retained high crystallinity in a segregated PCL phase. Structural and morphological changes produced when the films were exposed to high potency ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 10 h were measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). They were different to those observed with homopolymer PCL and PVC films treated under the same conditions. The FTIR spectra of the PCL/PVC blend suggest that blending decreased the susceptibility of the PCL to crystallize when irradiated. Similarly, although scanning electron micrographs of PCL showed evidence of growth of crystalline domains, particularly after UV irradiation, the images of PCL/PVC were fairly featureless. It is apparent that the degradation behavior is strongly influenced by the interaction of the two polymers in the amorphous phase.     

超微晶Fe_（73．5）Cu_1Nb_3Si_（13．5）B_9形成过程的等温

利用热重法（ＴＧ）研究了超微晶Ｆｅ＿（７３．５）Ｃｕ＿１Ｎｂ＿３Ｓｉ＿（１３．５）Ｂ＿９形成的等温晶化动力学过程，由Ｊ－Ｍ－Ａ方程求出了晶化动力学常数ｎ（ｘ）和Ｅ＿ｃ（ｘ）对ｘ的曲线。晶化形核过程中这些曲线的变化关系可以很好的由Ｃｕ的作用来说明。同时与等温ＤＳＣ的结果比较表明ＴＧ更能给出晶化初期的形核信息。