Application of GC–MSD and LC–MS/MS for the determination of priority pesticides in baby foods in Serbian market

Babies and small children are especially sensitive population to the exposure to environmental contaminants. Their small mass and developing systems, including brain development may show adverse health effects from even low levels of contamination on a chronic or single dose case. In this paper one extraction method and two chromatographic techniques for the determination of pesticide residues in baby food were evaluated. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique combined with electrospray ionization (ESI), (LC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection (GC–MSD) technique were applied in the detection of 50 pesticides in baby food. So-called QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was used as a sample preparation procedure. The recoveries were investigated at three levels (5, 10 and 50 μg/kg) and the results obtained showed compliance with the contemporary EU requirements with a few exceptions. LOQs for most of the tested pesticides were below the EU MRLs (10 μg/kg), except deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, phosalone and beta-cyfluthrin (LOQs were 10 μg/kg). Both techniques were applied in the analysis of 50 samples of baby food manufactured in Serbia.     

LC-MS/MS技术在食品中农药多残留分析的应用进展

液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术在食品中多类农药的高通量、高效率筛查和确证分析方面发挥了重要作用。本文对基于四级杆滤质器的LC-MS/MS技术近年来在食品中农药多残留分析方面的应用进展进行了综述,重点讨论了液相色谱-低分辨串联质谱(三重四级杆串联质谱和四级杆线性离子阱串联质谱)以及液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱(四级杆飞行时间串联质谱和四级杆静电场轨道阱串联质谱)在多类农药多残留分析中的应用。     

辛辣食物中农药残留检测方法研究- 第1部分: 研究进展

辛辣类食物作为显著味道特色的食物和调味品,普遍为世界各国人们所喜爱。这类作物在种植过程中难免使用农药,其特殊的化学成分会对农药残留检测产生严重干扰。本文对国内外辛辣食物中农药残留检测的净化方法和检测手段进行综述,提取与净化方法主要有固相萃取法、分散固相萃取法、分子印迹固相萃取法、凝胶净化法、微波热处理法、顶空固相微萃取法、搅拌棒萃取法等,分析方法有气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、激光拉曼光谱法等。本文为今后辛辣食物中农药残留分析研究提供参考。     

Application of an HPLC–MS/MS method for mycotoxin analysis in commercial baby foods

This article describes the validation of an analytical method for the detection of 21 mycotoxins in baby food. The analytical method is based on the simultaneous extraction of selected mycotoxins by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) using a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QTRAP®). Information Dependent Acquisition (IDA), an extra confirmation tool for samples that contain the selected mycotoxins, was used. The matrix effects were evaluated, and the corrections for the matrix effects were performed using two calibration approaches: external matrix-matched calibration and internal standard calibration. Matrix-matched calibration was ultimately used for accurate quantification, and the recoveries obtained were generally higher than 70%. The analytical method was applied to the analysis of 35 samples of commercial baby foods. No sample exceeded the maximum limit (ML) fixed by the European Union for these mycotoxins in baby food. However, this survey highlighted the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereal-based infant foods.     

多种提取手段联合液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定食品中苯霜灵残留量

建立了高效液相色谇电喷雾四极杆质谱技术测定13种食品中苯霜灵的确证方法。根据每种基质的特性,动物源性食品采用丙酮．正己烷提取,植物源性食品用乙酸乙酯提取,经石墨化碳与氨基（CarbonNH2）混合固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈-0．1％甲酸溶液为流动相,改性ShiseidoMGⅡC18色谱柱中分离,电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下监测。方法定量限（LOQ,S／N≥〉10）为5μg／kg,在2-100μg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系;13种食品基质添加三个浓度水平进行实验,加标平均回收率在66．0-104．2％之间,相对标准偏差为4．4%-12．3％。经验证本方法准确、快速,适合多种食品中苯霜灵残留的确证分析。     

液相色谱-串联质谱技术在食品药品安全分析领域的应用

液相色谱(liquid chromatogram,LC)在分离能力、灵敏度和专属性等方面有着巨大优势,与质谱(mass spectrometry,MS)联用后可以展现出强大的定性、定量分析能力,并已经在农兽药残留、非法添加、有毒物质研究等各领域得到广泛应用。本文对液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)技术在食品相关国家标准,如农残、兽残、食品接触类材料,及《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》中的应用进行了简单介绍,并介绍了本部门在食品安全、药品安全、食品接触类塑料制品残留物分析等领域取得的工作进展。     

Routine approach to qualitatively screening 300 pesticides and quantification of those frequently detected in fruit and vegetables using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

This paper describes an efficient and effective analytical scheme to first screen for 300 pesticides in fruit and vegetables samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a commercially enhanced product ion method. Then presumed positive extracts are analysed using a quantitative and confirmatory LC-MS/MS method optimized for 55 pesticides. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method with acetate buffering (AOAC Official Method 2007.01) was used for sample preparation, which has been previously shown to yield high-quality results for hundreds of pesticide residues in foods. The advantages and disadvantages of both the qualitative screening and quantitative/confirmatory methods and their combination are critically discussed. No false-negatives for the 55 pesticides occurred above 10 ng g^?1 for extracts analysed by both LC-MS/MS methods, and the no false-positives were encountered from the screening analysis (after analyst review) because all presumptive identifications were confirmed in the second analysis. The monitoring scheme was applied during a one-year period on 200 fruit and vegetable samples from Hungarian markets. No pesticide residues were found in half the samples, and twelve violations of European maximum residue limits were detected.     

Lc/Esi/Ms/Ms determination of postharvest fungicide residues in citrus juices

An LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative detection of postharvest fungicide residues in citrus juices and reported in this paper. The analyses of thiabendazole (TBZ), carbendazim (MBC), thiophanate methyl (TPM), imazalil (IMZ) and prochloraz (PCZ) residues were performed by using a gradient elution in conjunction with positive ionization mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fungicides were extracted from citrus juices with recoveries ranging from 79.8 to 101.2% and relative standard deviation better than 15%. The quantification limits ranged from 0.01 μg/kg IMZ to 0.06 μg/kg for MBC. The LC-MS-MS method was applied to commercial citrus juices, detecting MBC, TBZ and IMZ residues in the 90% of the samples. Prochloraz residues were detected only in one of the multifruit juice (orange, lemon and carrot) samples.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品包装材料中全氟辛酸及其盐类物质

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)结合加速溶剂萃取测定食品包装材料中全氟辛酸及其盐类物质(PFOA)的方法.采用甲醇作为溶剂,加速溶剂提取法提取食品包装材料中的PFOA,提取液经0.2 μm有机滤膜过滤后,以甲醇、水为流动相,梯度洗脱,经UPLC分离后用多级反应监测(MRM)方式测定.用两个子离子的...     

Levels of ochratoxin A in wheat and maize bread from the central zone of Portugal

Ochratoxigenic fungi are natural contaminants of cereal and the produced toxins are harmful to humans and animals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 61 samples of bread from the central zone of Portugal were analysed for OTA by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection (FD). For confirmation two procedures were applied, methyl ester derivatization with boron trifluoride-methanol and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS). As far as we know, this is the first report where on-line LC/electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used for OTA analysis in bread. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.015 and 0.03 ng/g, using LC-FD, and 0.03 and 0.09 ng/g by LC-MS/MS. The incidence of OTA was 12.9% and 70.0% for wheat and maize bread, respectively. The highest OTA levels were obtained for maize bread, having one sample exceeded the European maximum limit established for OTA in cereal products. The estimate daily intake (EDI) was below the tolerable daily intake.     

Simple multiresidue extraction method for the determination of fungicides and plant growth regulator in bean sprouts using low temperature partitioning and tandem mass spectrometry

A simple multiresidue analytical method is developed for the simultaneous determination of carbendazim (CB), thiabendazole (TB), and 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) in bean sprouts. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile followed by partitioning at ?80 °C for 5–10 min. A YMC C₈ column was used to separate the analytes before being qualitatively and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The matrix-matched calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 0.01–1.0 mg/kg with correlation coefficients in excess of 0.998. The mean recoveries were in the range of 80.4–96.3% at 0.1 and 0.5 spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 0.5–7.6%. The limits of quantifications (LOQ) were in the range of 0.005–0.01 mg/kg. The method was successfully applied to 90 samples (among which 45 were organic) collected from a commercial bean sprout production house throughout the city. Except for 6-BA, the rest of the analytes had values lower than their LOQs. In sum, carbendazim, thiabendazole, and 6-BA were extracted in a single step, and no steps for clean-up or concentration of the extracts were needed. The current method can be used for sensitive and accurate determination and confirmation of residues in bean sprout samples.     

Analysis of chloramphenicol in honeys of different geographical origin by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect trace amounts of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) in honey. The methodology entailed a solid-phase extraction of aqueous honey solutions followed by liquid-liquid partitioning, filtration and direct injection onto the LC-MS/MS system. Honey extracts were spiked with an isotopically labelled internal standard (d(5)-CAP) to compensate for analyte loss and potential ion suppression during the MS stage. Detection of the analyte was achieved by negative ionization electrospray in the selected reaction monitoring (SAM) mode. For confirmation, four characteristic mass transitions were monitored each for the analyte and the surrogate standard. The method was validated according to the latest European Union criteria for the analyses of veterinary drug residues in food. At all three fortification levels studied (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 microg kg(-1)) the method was accurate to within 15%. The repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibilities were <12 and 18%, respectively. The decision limit (CC alpha) and detection capability (CC beta) were both <0.1 microg kg(-1). The procedure provides a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of residues of chloramphenicol in honey. Numerous raw honeys of various geographical origins were analysed, showing extensive contamination particularly those of Chinese origin.     

Optimisation and validation of a new analytical method for the determination of four natural and synthetic hormones using LC-ESI-MS/MS

A rapid liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four natural and synthetic hormone residues (progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate and zeranol) in animal tissue samples. Sample preparation was optimised to minimise time and solvent consumption. Meat samples were mechanically homogenised and digested in a procedure that gave similar recoveries to those enzymatically hydrolysed by Helix pomatia. Efficient extraction was achieved using acidified acetonitrile (1% acetic acid). Chromatographic conditions were optimised to minimise matrix effects. Analytes were separated using a C18 column with gradient elution using ammonium formate solution in methanol (MeOH)/water (1:9) and MeOH mobile phases. Finally, residues were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Different parameters for LC-MS/MS (e.g., declustering potential and collision energy) were optimised using API 6500QT; all analytes were measured using positive-mode electrospray ionisation (ESI⁺) except zeranol which was measured in negative mode (ESI^–). Due to LC-MS/MS signal enhancement/suppression, the determination of hormones was based on matrix-matched standard calculations. The method was validated for the four hormones on meat samples at different fortification levels and showed accepted performance criteria according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits and detection capabilities were estimated for all analytes.     

低温下采用快速液相色谱-质谱联用法分析包装食品中UV油墨光引发剂的迁移

A fast method of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of eleven UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food.Chromatographic separation was achieved in a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFPP) column at 5X2 and acetonitrile:25mM formic acid-ammonium formate(pH 2.7) in gradient elution. To reduce sample treatment,a QuEChERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe) method for the extraction and clean-up of UV photoinitiators in packaged foods was evaluated.Triple quadrupole working in H-SRM on Ql mode was used for both quantitation and confirmation purposes and the most intense and selective transitions were chosen.Quality parameters of the developed QuEChERS LC-MS/MS method were established and applied for the analysis of photoinitiators in food packaged at ng/kg levels.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定干香菇中的多菌灵和噻菌灵残留量

称取1.0g 干香菇样品,用0.02mol/L 盐酸- 甲醇(80:20,V/V)溶液浸泡提取,调节溶液pH 值至6～8,用二氯甲烷进行提取净化,旋转蒸发器减压蒸干后,用30% 甲醇水溶解,样液用超高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾串联四级杆质谱进行检测,外标法定量。本法研究的多菌灵和噻菌灵的线性范围为1.0～100.0μg/L,线性相关系数R2 ＞ 0.99,在1.0～10.0μg/kg 的3 个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为78%～106%,相对标准偏差为7.9%～9.8%,方法检测限可达1.0μg/kg,在3min 内快速完成分析测试,可应用于大通量的实际样品检测。     

Analysis of imidocarb in livestock and seafood products using LC-MS/MS

A simple method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was investigated for the detection of the antiprotozoal drug imidocarb in 10 livestock and seafood products. Liquid chromatographic separation employed a TSK VMpak-25 column with ammonium acetate-acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the ESI positive-ion mode. Imidocarb was extracted from all samples using liquid extraction with acetonitrile under basic conditions. For samples other than honey, fat-soluble impurities were removed by acetonitrile-hexane partitioning. The salting-out technique was used for extraction from honey in order to improve the separation of the organic solvent and water added to the honey sample. The limit of quantitation was 0.005 μg/g (expressed as concentration in samples). The recoveries from all samples were 76-109%, and the repeatability and reproducibility were also satisfactory.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定苹果中刺糖菌素A

目的建立苹果中刺糖菌素A的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法样品通过乙腈匀浆提取,在电喷电离方式(ESI+)、多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定,基质配标准曲线定量。结果分析物在0.005~0.50 mg/kg范围内成线性,相关系数r0.99,空白样品中分析物在0.01、0.02、0.10 mg/kg三个不同添加水平时,平均回收率在93.3%~101.7%之间,相对标准偏差为5.2%~7.4%,定量限为0.005 mg/kg。结论本方法灵敏度高、准确度好,能满足定量分析的要求。     

UHPLC–MS/MS highly sensitive determination of aflatoxins,the aflatoxin metabolite M1 and ochratoxin A in baby food and milk

In this work, a method has been developed for the ultrasensitive and selective determination of various regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins G1, G2, B1, B2, M1, and ochratoxin A) in baby food commodities and milk, using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The high sensitivity required for these compounds made necessary the application of a pre-concentration step based on solid phase extraction with immunoaffinity columns, after sample extraction with acetonitrile:water (80:20). Thanks to the fast high-resolution of UHPLC and the enhanced selectivity obtained with the triple quadrupole mass analyser in SRM mode, the chromatographic separation was achieved in only 4 min.     

LC-MS/MS法检测卷烟滤嘴截留的烟气TSNAs

为了解滤嘴对烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)的截留效率,采用液相色谱-串连质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定了30种卷烟样品滤嘴中截留的烟气TSNAs:NNN、NAT、NNK、NAB。用0.1mol/L醋酸铵水溶液萃取烟蒂滤嘴,萃取液过OASIS MCX小柱,用50%(体积分数)甲醇洗脱,洗脱液直接进行LC-MS/MS分析,分析条件为:色谱柱:Waters Symmetry Shield TM RP18柱,柱温:65℃;流动相:50%甲醇水溶液(水中含0.1%醋酸),等度洗脱,流速0.25mL/min。结果显示:①NNN、NAT、NNK和NAB的检测限分别为0.7、0.3、0.6和0.4ng/支,回收率96.0%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于8%;②NNN、NNK、NAT、NAB的滤嘴截留率分别在16.67%～43.05%、30.51%～55.97%、16.19%～45.00%和41.68%～49.08%范围内;③混合型卷烟滤嘴对NNN、NAT的截留效率要高于烤烟型卷烟,而对NNK、NAB和TSNAs总量,混合型卷烟滤嘴和烤烟型卷烟滤嘴的接近;④醋酸纤维滤嘴对NNK、NAB的截留率与聚丙烯纤维滤嘴相当,...     

通过式固相萃取柱结合QuEChERS前处理技术-液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定熟肉食品中4种β2-受体激动剂残留

目的 建立了通过式固相萃取柱结合QuEChERs前处理技术快速测定熟肉制品克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、特布他林等4种常见β2-受体激动剂类兽药残留的液相色谱串联质谱的检测方法。方法熟肉制品采用5%三氯乙酸酸解,NaCl盐析乙腈萃取,正己烷除脂后经通过式固相萃取柱和QuEChERs净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱于电喷雾正离子源(ESI+)和多反应监测扫描（MRM）模式下进行测定,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果4种目标化合物阴性加标水平在2、5、10 ?g/kg 下,回收率在77.2%～104.7%之间,RSD在2.9%～9.6%之间。4种目标化合物的检出限在0.2~0.6?g/kg之间,定量限在0.6～2.0?g/kg之间。对30件熟肉样品进行目标化合物的检测,监测到部分杀菌剂残留。结论该方法操作简便、快速,灵敏度和准确度高,包含种类较宽,具有一定的拓展性,适用熟肉制品相关残留的日常监测。