高剪切流场和含水率对驱油剂产出高峰期三元复合驱采出液油水分离特性的影响(一)

以大庆油田北一区二排区块现场三元复合驱采出液为介质,研究了采出液含水率和离心泵中的高剪切流场对石油磺酸盐表面活性剂弱碱体系三元复合驱采出液油水分离特性的影响及其影响机制.驱油剂产出高峰期三元复合驱采出液的最主要特征为含水率和驱油剂含量高,油水界面张力低,油水乳化程度高,在离心泵等高剪切湍流场内易发生二次乳化而油水分离难...     

高剪切流场和含水率对驱油剂产出高峰期三元复合驱采出液油水分离特性的影响(二)

以大庆油田北一区二排区块现场三元复合驱采出液为介质,研究了采出液含水率和离心泵中的高剪切流场对石油磺酸盐表面活性剂弱碱体系三元复合驱采出液油水分离特性的影响及其影响机制.驱油剂产出高峰期三元复合驱采出液的最主要特征为含水率和驱油剂含量高,油水界面张力低,油水乳化程度高,在离心泵等高剪切湍流场内易发生二次乳化而油水分离难度显著增大.水包油(O/W)型三元复合驱采出液的油水分离难度随其含水率增大而增大.含水率大于等于93.7％的高表面活性剂含量石油磺酸盐表面活性剂弱碱体系三元复合驱采出液单位体积内的油滴数量少,油滴间发生相互碰撞和接触的机会少,加上油滴在Marangoni效应作用下聚并缓慢,其在上浮进入三相分离器和游离水脱除器油水界面下方的油珠聚集体之前难以充分聚并,粒径过小,使得油珠聚并后被圈闭在油连续相中的水滴粒径过小,所形成的油包水(W/O)型原油乳状液中含有大量直径小于4μm的细小水滴,这些细小的水滴受Brown运动影响严重,沉降和聚并困难,造成驱油剂产出高峰期三元复合驱采出液脱水达标困难.离心泵对含水率小于60％的三元复合驱采出液总体上有显著的二次乳化作用,使其油水分离特性变差,而对含水率为77.3％的三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性则没有显著的不利影响.离心泵对三元复合驱采出液的乳化机理为离心泵内存在高强度的湍流场,其中尺寸与分散相液滴相近的漩涡与液滴发生碰撞而使后者发生破裂,粒径变小,其影响程度随油水界面张力和分散相体积分数下降而增大.转油放水站外输液为含水率为60％～80％的O/W型乳状液时其后续脱水难度较低.     

蓬莱19-3油田酸化返排液难处理原因探究

针对蓬莱19-3油田酸化返排液难处理问题展开研究,实验发现,该油田酸化返排液脱水困难,油相含水率偏高,乳化状态稳定。对可能导致返排液乳化稳定的物质进行了分离并鉴定,初步确定该物质主要成分为Fe S。经验证,对除去Fe S后的酸化返排液破乳,油水顺利分离。据此判定,导致蓬莱19-3油田酸化返排液乳化状态稳定且油水分离困难的物质主要为Fe S。     

气-液-液萃取传质效率的研究

在液-液萃取过程中,提高分散相的表面更新速率可有效提高萃取的传质效率.研究发现,在萃取过程中使用气体搅拌可以增加液液之间的接触面积,促进液相内的湍动和循环.据此,本文在气-液-液萃取条件下对不同填料的传质性能进行了测定.实验表明,通入气相后分散相液滴呈现稳定的“油包气”空心状态,这种结构大大降低了分散相液滴的传质层厚度,减小了传质距离,极大地强化传质效率.在适宜气速下,气-液-液萃取效率较传统萃取效率提高20％～40％.通过与散装填料对比,发现规整填料更利于强化萃取效果,传质效率提高约50％.     

液-液-液三相体系的相分散与分相特性

以包含双油相和单水相的液-液-液三相体系为对象,利用编程控制的CCD照相系统,考察了搅拌槽内不同操作条件下液-液-液三相体系的相分散及分相情况. 实验结果表明,桨型对三相体系的分散情况有较大影响,径流桨的分散效果优于轴流桨,下推式轴流桨优于上推式轴流桨;各相体积比的改变会导致不同的相分散形式;不同相分散形式的分相过程也不相同,实验中体系的分相过程可以分为凝并界面水平型与无规则型两种典型情况,分别对应两种不同的相分散形式;采用分相数学模型,可成功预测凝并界面水平型分相过程中各界面的高度随时间的变化.     

测定水中石油类液液萃取仪的比较和选择

文章分别从系统误差、乳化现象、工作效率、便利性和经济实用性比较了四种商品化的液液萃取仪在测定水中石油类前处理中的应用。吹气式自动萃取仪易导致四氯化碳的挥发损失;射流萃取仪不易清洗干净;搅拌式萃取仪具有机械破乳的作用;震荡萃取仪工作效率高,但价格昂贵。最后对萃取仪的使用和选择提出了建议。     

生物柴油-甲醇-甘油液液相平衡数据的关联与预测

用Othmer-Tobias关联式检验了25～55℃范围内麻疯树油甲酯-甲醇-甘油体系的液液相平衡数据的可靠性.用UNIFAC-LLE、UNIFAC-Dortmund和GSP-LLE模型预测了麻疯树油甲酯-甲醇-甘油三元液液体系的相平衡,按质量分数计的均方偏差为10%～16%.通过调整UNIFAC-LLE中反映体系特征的基团-CH=CH-、-CH2COO-、-OH间的交互作用参数,在25℃、35℃、45℃和55℃下,按质量分数计的均方偏差分别降至2.13%、2.76%、2.65%和8.34%,组分的平均绝对偏差分别为1.83%、2.24%、2.16%和6.17%,预测效果明显改善.     

微通道中液-液萃取传质特性的研究

研究了在一个内径为400 μm管式直线型玻璃微通道中的液-液两相的传质特性,其中去离子水为水相, 煤油（溶质是苯甲酸）为油相, 氮气为气相。实验研究了表面张力、黏度和气体分散相对体积传质系数的影响,结果表明：在内径为400 μm的微通道内,当停留时间为15 s时微通道内的萃取已达到平衡;水相的表面张力和液体黏度显著影响微通道内的传质效率;在液-液系统中引入气相后,水油两相之间的传质效率显著增加。     

乳化型液膜分离法

<正> 乳化型液膜分离技术是可用液-液萃取法处理的一切分离系统,都能适用。乳化型液膜分离装置如下图所示.用乳化型液膜分离技术处理含酚废水,溶剂为异构烷烃(平均分子量约390),在溶剂中加入油溶性界面活性剂和膜强化剂,然后和氢氧化钠溶液一起在乳化器内高速搅拌,分散相为水溶液相,连续相为油相,调制成油包水型乳化液。把乳化液在搅拌下加在含酚废水中,乳化液在含酚废水中分散成滴状,油膜隔在中间,把两个水相分开,形成多相乳化液。内水相的滴径为1～10微米,油包水型乳化液的滴径为0.1～2毫米.外水相的酚溶解入油膜相,并向乳化液滴内部扩散,然而到达水溶液相和氢氧离子反应后生成酚盐离子,并浓缩在水     

甲醇(水)-正己烷-菜籽油拟三元体系的液液平衡测定

通过测定0、20、40℃下甲醇(水)-正己烷-菜籽油拟三元体系的液液平衡数据,绘制出分配比(油在正己烷相中的浓度/油在甲醇相中的浓度)曲线,三元平衡相图及各实验温度下的平衡联结线,并对相平衡数据进行了经验关联。0～40℃间分配比约为120～140,说明油很容易用正己烷把它从甲醇相中提取出来。     

1-甲氧基-2-丙醇水癸烷的液液平衡

通过测定可作界面活性剂的 1 甲氧基 2 丙醇、癸烷和水的液液相平衡数据 ,考察 1 甲氧基 2 丙醇、癸烷以及水的混合液三元体系的相行为 ,并将实验结果和extendedUNIQUAC溶液模型的计算结果进行比较。结果表明 :在 2 98.15K时测得 1 甲氧基 2 丙醇、癸烷和水的相平衡数据和用extendedUNIQUAC模型推算结果相当吻合 ,extendedUNIQUAC模型成功地描述了 1 甲氧基 2 丙醇、癸烷和水混合溶液的液液相平衡。     

2,3-二氯丙烯-环氧氯丙烷-水三元体系液液平衡

测定了2,3-二氯丙烯(1)-环氧氯丙烷(2)-水(3)三元体系于20.0、30.0、58.3、67.9和77.4℃5个温度下的液液平衡数据,并用UNIQUAC方程进行了关联,取得了较满意的结果。     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Systems Containing Epoxidized Oils,Formic Acid,and Water: Experimental and Modeling

Epoxidized oils are eco-friendly plasticizers, which are industrially produced through the epoxidation reaction in a formic acid-hydrogen peroxide autocatalyzed system. The fundamental knowledge to describe the phase equilibrium of systems after epoxidation reaction is lacking, which is crucial for the design of the purification facilities. This work reported experimental data for the liquid–liquid equilibrium of three systems, i.e., epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters + formic acid + water, epoxidized fatty acid 2-ethylhexyl esters + formic acid + water, and epoxidized soybean oil + formic acid + water, in the temperature range (303.15–348.15) K under atmospheric pressure. The results indicated that the liquid–liquid equilibrium constant of formic acid in the systems followed the order of epoxidized fatty acid 2-ethylhexyl esters > epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters > epoxidized soybean oil. Moreover, the obtained experimental data were correlated using nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi chemical (UNIQUAC) models. The maximum root mean square deviation (RMSD) values as low as 0.0052 and 0.0263 were estimated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC model, respectively. The NRTL model is more suitable than the UNIQUAC model to describe the liquid–liquid equilibrium behavior of these ternary systems.     

色谱顶空法测组分活度系数及三元液液平衡的预测

用气相色谱顶空分析法测定了9组水-正烷烃-醇部分互溶三元系在完全互溶区3个组分的活度系数.由活度系数实测值拟合出UNIQUAC过量自由焓模型参数.再用UNIQUAC方程对部分互溶区液液平衡进行了预测.其结果与文献预测比较,均方根误差均较后者(在2.5%以下)小.同时实测了环已烷—正丁醇—水三元系的液液平衡数据,结果亦令人满意.     

Vapor-liquid equilibria for the ternary system n-Heptane/n-Propanol/l-Chlorobutane and its constituent binaries at 298.15 K

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the ternary system n-heptane/n-propanol/1-chlorobutane and its constituent binaries at 298.15 K are reported. Data for the binary systems have been correlated using the Wilson, LCG, LSG and UNIQUAC expressions for the activity coefficients. Predictions for the ternary system with all four expressions have been compared with the experimental data. The Wilson and the LCG equations perform similarly, giving the best correlations for the binary systems containing propanol and the best predictions for the ternary system.     

Measurements and thermodynamic modeling of liquid–liquid equilibria in ternary system 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane+p-cresol+water

Liquid–liquid equilibrium(LLE)data for the ternary system 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane(methyl tert-butyl ether)+ p-cresol + water was measured at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 298.15 K and 313.15 K.From the distribution coefficients and selectivity,it was found that 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane is an efficient solvent to extract p-cresol from wastewater.The consistency of the experimental tie-line data was verified with the Hand and Bachman equations.These data were also correlated with the non-random two liquid(NRTL)and universal quasi-chemical correlation activity coefficient(UNIQUAC)models to yield binary interaction parameters for p-cresol extraction process evaluation.Both models agreed with experiments very well,yet the NRTL model showed even smaller average deviation than the UNIQUAC model.     

盐效分离作用理论预测

研究了盐效分离基本原理,采用选择性溶剂化模型,利用定标粒子理论计算盐在含水体系中的标准摩尔迁移自由能。提出了将迁移自由能与相平衡中盐效应的大小结合起来,用迁移自由能理论解释相平衡中的盐效应。文中计算了盐在6种含水体系的标准摩尔迁移自由能,并与其盐效应进行了对比,研究发现在含水体系中盐效应随盐的标准摩尔迁移自由能增大而增大,因此在盐效分离过程中可以采用标准摩尔迁移自由能模型选择有效的盐作分离剂。     

Isobaric Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for 1-Butanol + Water + 2,3-Butanediol at 101.3 kPa

Vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria (VLLE) data were determined for the ternary system 1-butanol + water + 2,3-butanediol at 101.3 kPa. A binary heterogeneous minimum boiling azeotrope was found at 365.95 K with mass fractions of 0.526 and 0.474 for 1-butanol and water, respectively. A modified UNIQUAC model was used to predict VLLE by using experimental data, including VLE of 1-butanol + 2,3-butanediol, VLE of water + 2,3-butanediol, LLE of 1-butanol + water, and one LLE tie-line of 1-butanol + water + 2,3-butanediol. The experimental data were compared with the calculated values. The absolute average relative deviations (AARD) are 1.65%, 1.72%, and 2.22% for organic liquid phase, aqueous liquid phase, and vapor phase, respectively. It demonstrates an appropriate fit of the modified UNIQUAC model.     

Prediction of the Partition Coefficient for Acetic Acid in a Two-Phase System Soybean Oil-Water

An analytical approach for the prediction of the partition coefficient for acetic acid between soybean oil and water, dependent on temperature and composition, has been proposed. The original and three modified UNIFAC models as well as the UNIQUAC model were used to represent the liquid–liquid equilibrium data in the ternary system. To calculate the density of the water and oil phase the COSTALD method was applied. The proposed approach for the prediction of the partition coefficient for acetic acid fit the experimental data well when the UNIQUAC model was used. The results of the application of the proposed approach to the experimental data for acetic acid partition coefficient taken from the literature were also presented and discussed.     

水-甲基叔丁基醚-二异丙醚三元体系液液相平衡的研究

在常压下测定了不同温度时水-甲基叔丁基醚-二异丙醚三元体系的液液平衡,并用Modified UNIQUAC模型和Extended UNIQUAC模型对所测体系进行了关联计算．Modified UNIQUAC模型的计算结果与实验数据的关联性更好。