镓基液态金属导电油墨及其图形化应用

目的 提出发展液态金属导电油墨的基本途径及其对信息产业发展重要性。方法 从导电油墨的制备方法、液态金属粒子的物理特性、液态金属油墨图形化及其应用展开论述,全面总结液态金属导电油墨的技术现状以及深化对其的认识。结果 液态金属基导电油墨将比目前贵金银基导电油墨的成本低50倍,基于液态金属的导电油墨图形化印刷电子在智能防伪包装、柔性电子、生物医用等领域呈快速发展趋势。结论 镓基液态金属导电油墨及其印刷技术是一个崭新的技术革命,具有重要的研究价值和经济意义。     

基于液态金属的可拉伸导线制备与性能研究

通过水浴加热法制备室温液态金属—GaInSn合金,然后将其注射到热塑性弹性体管,制备了可拉伸导线,利用能谱分析仪(EDS)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征了液态金属的组分和凝固点,并利用四点法研究了液态金属基可拉伸导线的电学性能。结果表明,该液态金属由镓铟锡(m(Ga)∶m(In)∶m(Sn)=67.3∶19.2∶13.5)组成,具有低凝固点(-1.4℃),高电导率(2.89×10~4 S/cm)。液态金属基可拉伸导线可以拉伸200%,电阻增加了1.6Ω。在100~1 000mm/min的拉伸速率下,拉伸速率对其电阻基本无影响。可拉伸导线从0~100%~0循环拉伸200次,电阻仅增加了0.021Ω。实验结果展现出液态金属基可拉伸导线在柔性电子器件中的应用潜力。     

金属油墨中颜料含量对油墨转移率及遮盖率的影响

用同一细度的金粉(1000目)和不同含量调金油配制成一系列的印金油墨,在印刷适性仪上打印不同纸张的测试样条并对其印刷适性进行测试,通过实验参数的对比,找出适用的金属油墨配方。发现,金粉含量为45%~55%质量分数的金墨综合性较好,印刷适性比较稳定,可以作为经验数据使用。     

Inx油墨公司推出新型HyStar SpH包装油墨

Inx国际油墨公司的美国子公司将开始销售其新一代的中档GCMI标准色包装油墨。这种名为HyStar SpH的油墨采用低铜配方。可提供更高的油墨稳定性，史利于颜色控制，改善印刷适性，因为在印刷机上使用时所需人为调整更少，所以还可以降低印刷损耗。     

印刷油墨的适性探讨

研究印刷适性有许多方面需从油墨的性质着手,即研究油墨的印刷适性。因我国印刷业与油墨制造业分属不同部门管理,油墨生产者很少与印刷工对油墨的性质作详细的说明。致使很多印刷适性问题不能很好地深入研究。现简单介绍一下油墨的组成结构,进而讨论油墨的各项性质与印刷的关系。     

纳米技术逐步进入油墨制造业

纳米技术是正在迅速崛起的高新科技，它在印刷油墨领域的应用不断扩大。例如：将纳米金属微粒添加到黑色油墨中。可提高油墨纯度和密度。将半导体纳米粒子分别加入黄色和青色油墨中，同样可增加其纯度，使印刷品层次更丰富；将油墨中的树脂、颜料、填料等成分制成纳米级原材料时。由于其高度分散而具有更好的流动性与润湿性。     

高性能印刷装置用新型快干油墨

美国一公司研制出一种新型快干油墨,这种油墨可用于各种拉伸、收缩包装薄膜的印刷,其配方特别适用于高性能的喷墨印刷装置,完全能满足拉伸、收缩包装的印刷要求。此油墨的特点是干燥时间极短,同时能保证印刷图案清晰、无污迹,耐     

瓦楞纸板印刷中水性油墨的印刷适性及调整

目前在瓦楞纸印刷中，最主要的印刷方式是柔性版印刷，而最常用的油墨是水性油墨，因而如何掌握水性油墨的组成作用和印刷适性以及在瓦楞纸板印刷中的水墨印刷适性调整也就成为影响瓦楞纸板印刷质量的重要因素。     

导电油墨及其印刷技术的研究进展

目的 综述导电油墨及其印刷方式的研究进展,为开发价格低廉、性能稳定、导电性优良的导电油墨提供参考。方法 通过查阅文献归纳各类导电油墨的制备方式、印刷方式和应用领域,对导电油墨进行系统分类,比较各类导电油墨的性能和优缺点,并对其印刷技术进行分析,展望了导电油墨的发展前景。结果 目前关于导电油墨的研究集中在纳米银、纳米铜、石墨烯等导电填料的低温烧结油墨,主要采用丝网印刷、喷墨印刷等印刷方式,多用于制备传感器、柔性可穿戴设备等。未来的研究仍需关注如何低成本、低能耗、简单大量地制造导电油墨。结论 导电油墨的制备将与环境友好型的印刷方式相结合,向高导电性、高印刷适性发展,成为印刷电子领域的关键技术。     

无苯型塑料油墨的制备与性能分析

本文研制了无苯型塑料凹印表印油墨,讨论了选择凹印油墨的基本组分——溶剂、树脂和颜料的基本原则,并通过实验方法,确定了油墨组分,优化了油墨配方。利用物理分散方法制备了油墨样品,对样品墨的印刷适性进行了评价。通过测试表明研制的样品墨的印刷适性与甲苯型墨基本相符。     

3D-Printed Silicone Substrates as Highly Deformable Electrodes for Stretchable Li-Ion Batteries

Stretchable energy storage devices receive a considerable attention at present due to their growing demand for powering wearable electronics. A vital component in stretchable energy storage devices is its electrode which should endure a large and repeated number of mechanical deformations during its prolonged use. It is crucial to develop a technology to fabricate highly deformable electrode in an easy and an economic manner. Here, the fabrication of stretchable electrode substrates using 3D-printing technology is reported. The ink for fabricating it contains a mixture of sacrificial sugar particles and polydimethylsiloxane resin which solidifies upon thermal curing. The printed stretchable substrate attains a porous structure after leaching the sugar particles in water. The resulting printed porous stretchable substrates are then utilized as electrodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) after loading them with electrode materials. The batteries with stretchable electrodes exhibit a decent electrochemical performance comparable to that of the conventional electrodes. The stretchable electrodes also exhibit a stable electrochemical performance under various mechanical deformations and even after several hundreds of stretch/release cycles. This work provides a feasible route for constructing LIBs with high stretchability and enhanced electrochemical performance thereby providing a platform for realizing stretchable batteries for next generation wearable electronics.     

Surface‐Embedded Stretchable Electrodes by Direct Printing and their Uses to Fabricate Ultrathin Vibration Sensors and Circuits for 3D Structures

Printing is one of the easy and quick ways to make a stretchable wearable electronics. Conventional printing methods deposit conductive materials “on” or “inside” a rubber substrate. The conductors made by such printing methods cannot be used as device electrodes because of the large surface topology, poor stretchability, or weak adhesion between the substrate and the conducting material. Here, a method is presented by which conductive materials are printed in the way of being surface‐embedded in the rubber substrate; hence, the conductors can be widely used as device electrodes and circuits. The printing process involves a direct printing of a metal precursor solution in a block‐copolymer rubber substrate and chemical reduction of the precursor into metal nanoparticles. The electrical conductivity and sensitivity to the mechanical deformation can be controlled by adjusting the number of printing operations. The fabrication of highly sensitive vibration sensors is thus presented, which can detect weak pulses and sound waves. In addition, this work takes advantage of the viscoelasticity of the composite conductor to fabricate highly conductive stretchable circuits for complicated 3D structures. The printed electrodes are also used to fabricate a stretchable electrochemiluminescence display.     

Ink Tuning for Direct Ink Writing of Planar Metallic Lattices

316L and Cu-based inks are developed to 3D-printed tetrachiral auxetic structures. The main objectives of the work are to study the effects of powders composition and powder:binder volume ratio on rheological properties and printability of the inks. Following these results, customized Gcode is developed using FullControl Gcode Designer open-source software to 3D print intricate tetrachiral auxetic structures. The results reported in this work show how powder composition (316L versus Cu) has less effect on the inks’ rheological behavior than powder size distribution and powders:binder volume ratio. In terms of rheological parameters, the zero-shear rate viscosity mainly affects the capability of the printed ink to retain its shape after printing, while the yield stress affects the printability. The printed and sintered auxetic structures achieve the intended lattice-geometry design.     

Printed UHF RFID antennas with high efficiencies using nano-particle silver ink

One of the most popular targets of conductive ink technology is to print RFID tag antennas. However, the printed RFID antennas, manufactured by conductive silver ink which is generally based on microsized silver particles, have lower conductivity and consequently lower radiation efficiency than those by conventional copper etching method. This work demonstrates nano-particle conductive silver ink that is capable of printing UHF RFID antennas with improved radiation efficiency. Compared with commercial micro-particle silver ink, the solid content of metal is much higher in the proposed nanoparticle silver ink, leading to better electrical properties. Two types of dipole antennas are printed with the proposed nano-particle as well as with commercial micro-particle inks. Also, the same antennas are fabricated by copper etching. With these conductive inks, a straight and a meandered dipole antennas are fabricated and their radiation efficiencies are measured with the Wheeler cap method. Experimental results show that the radiation efficiencies of the antennas based on nanoparticle silver ink are superior to those printed with the micro-particle silver ink, and are comparable to those of popular copper antennas.     

Rheological properties and screen printability of UV curable conductive ink for flexible and washable E-textiles

As a critical component for the realization of flexible electronics,multifunctional electronic textiles(etextiles)still struggle to achieve controllable printing accuracy,excellent flexibility,decent washability and simple manufacturing.The printing process of conductive ink plays an important role in manufacturing e-textiles and meanwhile is also the main source of printing defects.In this work,we report the preparation of fully flexible and washable textile-based conductive circuits with screen-printing method based on novel-developed UV-curing conductive ink that contains low temperature and fast cure features.This work systematically investigated the correlation between ink formulation,rheological properties,screen printability on fabric substrates,and the electrical properties of the e-textile made thereafter.The rheological behaviors,including the thixotropic behavior and oscillatory stress sweep of the conductive inks was found depending heavily on the polymer to diluent ratio in the formulation.Subsequently,the rheological response of the inks during screen printing showed determining influence to their printability on textile,that the proper control of ink base viscosity,recovery time and storage/loss modulus is key to ensure the uniformity of printed conductive lines and therefore the electrical conductivity of fabricated e-textiles.A formulation with 24 wt%polymer and 10.8 wt%diluent meets all these stringent requirements.The conductive lines with 1.0 mm width showed exceptionally low resistivity of 2.06×10^-5Ωcm Moreover,the conductive lines presented excellent bending tolerance,and there was no significant change in the sample electrical resistance during 10 cycles of washing and drying processes.It is believed that these novel findings and the promising results of the prepared product will provide the basic guideline to the ink formulation design and applications for screen-printing electronics textiles.     

Inkjet printing of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite thin film for interconnection

In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ink was selectively patterned by inkjet printing on substrates to form conductive traces and electrodes for interconnection application. MWCNT was firstly functionalized using concentrated acid and dispersed in deionized water to form a colloidal solution. Various concentrations of MWCNT were formulated to test the stability of the solution. The printability of the MWCNT ink was examined against printing temperature, ink concentration and ink droplet pitch. Rheological properties of the ink were determined by rheometer and sessile drop method. The electrical conductivity of the MWCNT pattern was measured against multiple printing of MWCNT on the same pattern (up to 10 layers). While single layer printing pattern exhibited highest resistance, the CNT entangled together and formed a random network with more printed layers has higher conductivity. The electrical properties of the printed film was compared to a composite ink of CNT and conducting polymer (CNT ink was mixed with conductive polymer solution, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface structure and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the morphology of the printed film under different conditions.     

Ultrastretchable Conductor Fabricated on Skin‐Like Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrid Substrates for Skin Electronics

Printing technology can be used for manufacturing stretchable electrodes, which represent essential parts of wearable devices requiring relatively high degrees of stretchability and conductivity. In this work, a strategy for fabricating printable and highly stretchable conductors are proposed by transferring printed Ag ink onto stretchable substrates comprising Ecoflex elastomer and tough hydrogel layers using a water‐soluble tape. The elastic modulus of the produced hybrid film is close to that of the hydrogel layer, since the thickness of Ecoflex elastomer film coated on hydrogel is very thin (30 µm). Moreover, the fabricated conductor on hybrid film is stretched up to 1780% strain. The described transfer method is simpler than other techniques utilizing elastomer stamps or sacrificial layers and enables application of printable electronics to the substrates with low elastic moduli (such as hydrogels). The integration of printed electronics with skin‐like low‐modulus substrates can be applied to make wearable devices more comfortable for human skin.     

Inkjet printed electronics using copper nanoparticle ink

Inkjet printing of electrode using copper nanoparticle ink is presented. Electrode was printed on a flexible glass epoxy composite substrate using drop on demand piezoelectric dispenser and was sintered at 200 °C of low temperature in N₂ gas condition. The printed electrodes were made with various widths and thickness. In order to control the thickness of the printed electrode, number of printing was varied. Resistivity of printed electrode was calculated from the cross-sectional area measured by a profilometer and resistance measured by a digital multimeter. Surface morphology of electrode was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). From the study, it was found that 10 times printed electrode has the most stable grain structure and low resistivity of 36.7 nΩ m.