犹豫模糊语言PROMETHEE方法在川酒品牌评价中的应用

基于犹豫模糊语言集理论,提出一种犹豫模糊语言信息环境下的PROMETHEE多属性决策方法,并应用于川酒品牌评价决策问题中.研究表明,犹豫模糊语言集能够很好地描述和处理复杂定性信息环境下的川酒品牌评价与决策问题;所提出的犹豫模糊语言PROMETHEE算法简便, 且改进的偏好函数允许决策者根据其对方案的严格优于偏好对参数进行选择,可保证决策过程的科学性和决策结果的准确性.     

基于犹豫语言判断矩阵的数据产品选择研究

犹豫语言判断矩阵作为一种新的判断矩阵,能够有效地处理决策信息为语言变量且决策者态度犹豫不行的决策问题。针对犹豫模糊语言信息环境下的数据产品选择问题,构建了一种基于犹豫语言判断矩阵的数据产品选择方法。该方法引入了犹豫语言判断矩阵的一些相关概念,包括加性一致性、一致性指数、可接受一致性;研究了犹豫语言判断矩阵一致性判定方法和特征矩阵的构造方法,并设计了一种收敛性算法用以改进犹豫语言判断矩阵的一致性;建立了基于犹豫语言判断矩阵的决策模型,并通过数据产品的选择实例说明提出的决策方法是合理和有效的。     

基于犹豫语言H-几何算子的信息安全系统选择

针对属性值为犹豫模糊语言信息且属性输入变量之间存在相互联系的多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于犹豫语言Heronian几何算子的多属性群决策模型。基于Archimedean范数定义了新的犹豫模糊语言运算法则,并提出了犹豫语言Heronian几何（HLHG）算子;探讨了HLHG算子的一些优良性质,研究了HLHG算子的几种常见形式,引入了犹豫语言Heronian加权几何（HLHWG）算子;基于HLHWG算子构建了一种新的犹豫模糊语言多属性群决策模型,该群决策模型不仅考虑到了输入决策信息之间的相互联系,而且使得决策者能够依据自身偏好选择不同参数进行决策。结合信息安全系统选择实例验证了提出的群决策模型是可行的和有效的。     

犹豫模糊语言的可能度排序方法

研究犹豫模糊语言集可能度排序方法. 在给出犹豫模糊语言集排序可能度公理的基础上, 给出3 类犹豫模糊语言集可能度排序公式: 第1 类基于RL 的5 个等价犹豫模糊语言可能度排序公式; 第2 类基于WNS的5 个等价犹豫模糊语言可能度排序公式; 第3 类基于概率可信度的犹豫模糊语言可能度比较公式. 通过实例对3 类公式进行对比分析, 给出方法选择的建议, 第3 类方法可以区别差别较小的犹豫模糊语言数, 第1 类方法适于大规模计算中的应用.

     

犹豫模糊语言环境下的无线传感器选择方法

无线传感器系统的选择是无线传感器管理中的一个重要课题,其本质是一个多属性决策问题。针对犹豫模糊语言环境下无线传感器的选择问题,基于前景理论和证据理论的思想,提出一种新的犹豫模糊语言多属性决策方法。该决策方法首先利用证据理论确定各自然状态发生的概率,进而得到每种状态发生的决策权重函数;其次,运用正态分布概率密度函数构建犹豫模糊语言决策参考点,并基于属性值与决策参考点之间的距离计算价值函数矩阵,从而获得前景价值矩阵;进一步构建以综合前景价值最大化为目标函数的最优化模型求解属性权重,并依据各无线传感器系统的综合前景价值进行优劣排序。通过对无线传感器系统的选择实例验证提出的决策方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于前景理论的犹豫模糊TOPSIS多属性决策方法

针对属性权重未知、属性值为犹豫模糊集的决策问题,提出一种前景理论和逼近理想解(TOPSIS)相结合的多属性决策方法.考虑到决策者对指标集的不同偏好,利用犹豫模糊熵的相关理论,提出一种基于犹豫模糊熵的熵权法确定属性权重.将决策者的风险心理因素引入犹豫模糊多属性决策中,定义了犹豫模糊数的前景价值函数,并以此将犹豫模糊决策矩阵转化为价值矩阵,计算出各方案的收益损失比值.最终应用TOPSIS的基本思路,确定备选方案的优劣排序,并通过算例分析验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于层次分析法的犹豫模糊语言包络分析模型及其在边缘节点网络安全评估中的应用

针对传统的网络安全评估方法仅用单一语言术语作为偏好信息难以评估复杂网络环境的安全性的问题,利用犹豫模糊语言术语集作为评估网络安全的偏好信息,提出了一种基于层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)的犹豫模糊语言包络分析模型,用以评估边缘节点的网络安全性。该模型通过求解目标规划模型获得最优的网络安全准则权重信息,进一步构建网络安全准则权重信息对应的AHP约束锥作为犹豫模糊语言包络分析模型的约束条件,获得移动用户安全评估的排序结果。实例证明该模型能够合理地融合网络安全准则偏好信息,并有效地处理边缘节点的网络安全评估问题。     

基于犹豫度和相似度的专家权重确定方法及其应用

针对属性评价值为语言变量、专家权重未知的供应商选择决策问题,提出一种综合考虑评价犹豫度和相似度的专家权重确定方法.首先,根据专家评价的犹豫度差别改进语言变量转化标准,将语言变量转换为更符合决策实际的直觉模糊数;然后,从评价信息的犹豫度和相似度两个方面集成专家权重,得到集结后的综合评价矩阵;最后,运用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)对供应商进行排序,通过算例验证所提方法的可行性和有效性.敏感性分析及对比分析结果表明,决策者对专家评价确定性和一致性的不同偏好会影响最终的决策结果,当专家因认知局限和个人偏好对属性评价的犹豫度存在差别时,采用考虑犹豫度差别的语言变量转化方法能够降低评价信息不确定性对评价结果产生的不合理影响,有利于提高评价结果的可信度.     

基于图模型理论的决策者组合行为冲突分析

依据现有4种基本稳定性能够获取冲突均衡解,但该过程通常假设决策者具有相同的行为模式.为了研究各个决策者行为模式的差异性对冲突演化分析与求解的影响,提出一种决策者组合行为冲突分析方法.首先,基于冲突分析图模型4种稳定性概念,通过预见力和风险态度两项指标识别不同决策者的行为模式;其次,定义规范化的组合均衡解概念,以此反映决策者不同行为模式对冲突决策的影响;接着,给出基于矩阵行为模式分析函数的组合均衡求解方法,以此提高均衡解的计算效率;最后,运用新方法解决企业员工体面劳动保障制度实施冲突问题.研究表明,所提出方法能够较好地提高冲突分析图模型理论的战略解析能力和决策水平.     

基于犹豫模糊群决策模型的云计算服务商选择

针对输入信息有内在联系的犹豫模糊群决策问题,构建了一种基于犹豫模糊Maclaurin对称平均（HFMSM）算法的多属性群决策模型,该模型可以依据决策者偏好而选择合适参数值进行决策。利用Archimedean范数定义新的犹豫模糊运算;结合Maclaurin对称平均提出了HFMSM算子,并详细探讨了HFMSM算子具有的四种优良性质,分析了HFMSM算子的几种特殊情况;建立了一种基于HFMSM算子的犹豫模糊多属性群决策模型,并将模型应用于云计算服务商的实际选择决策过程。实验结果表明,模型的可靠性更优,具有更广的应用前景。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).