2型糖尿病心肌病变模型建立方法的实验研究

目的:观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠心肌细胞和间质的改变,探讨大鼠2型糖尿病心肌病变(Diabetic Cardiomyopathy,DC)模型的建立方法.方法:6月龄wistar大鼠16只,分为正常对照组(N组)、糖尿病组(D组),正常血糖胰岛素钳夹技术(Euglycemic insulin clamp technique,EICT)测定各组大鼠胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,R),葡萄糖输注速率(glycose infusion rate,GIR)表示IR情况;测量大鼠心脏重量(HW)和体重(BW)并计算心脏重量与体重之比(HW/BW);原位末端酶标记法(TUNEL)检测各组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡情况;观察心肌细胞超微结构和心脏组织结构;免疫组化(SABC法)检测心脏间质Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原水平.结果:D组GIR明显低于N组(P＜0.01);D组大鼠心脏重量及心脏重量与体重之比高于N组,心肌细胞凋亡增多(P＜0.01);光镜可见D组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,间质基质积聚和纤维化改变;电镜可见D组大鼠心肌细胞核轻度肿胀,染色质分散分布与核膜下,线粒体肿胀,肌丝溶解;D组大鼠心脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白水平明显增加(P＜0.01).结论:2型糖尿病wistar大鼠成模8周后心脏发生DC的病理改变,可用于2型糖尿病心肌病变的研究.     

2型糖尿病大鼠心脏MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的变化与糖尿病心肌病变关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠心脏基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1(TIMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物2(TIMP-2)的变化及其在糖尿病心肌病变(Diabetic Cardiomyopathy,DC)发病中的意义。方法高脂食物喂养、小剂量链脲菌素诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。正糖高胰岛素嵌铗技术(EICT)检测两组大鼠胰岛素抵抗情况,葡萄糖输注速率(GIR)表示胰岛素抵抗;测定大鼠体重(BW)、心脏重量(HW)和计算HW/BW;RT-PCR测定两组大鼠MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的mRNA水平,免疫组化法检测MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2和Ⅰ、Ⅲ胶原蛋白水平。结果糖尿病大鼠GIR明显低于正常对照组(P0.01)。糖尿病大鼠心脏:HW和HW/BW明显高于正常对照组(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显增多(P0.01),MMP-2、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的mRNA表达增加(P0.01),MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的蛋白含量增加(MMP-2、TIMP-1:P0.05;TIMP-2:P0.01);MMP-2、MMP-9与TIMP-1蛋白水平比值及MMP-2与TIMP-2蛋白水平比值均显著降低。结论 T2DM大鼠心脏MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2增加,MMPs/TIMPs比值降低,心脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显增多;心脏MMPs/TIMPs表达改变与心脏间质纤维化有关。     

胰岛素抵抗大鼠心脏MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的变化

目的:观察单纯胰岛素抵(IR)大鼠心脏基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、摹质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋n酶组织抑制物1(TIMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物2(TIMP-2)及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的改变,探讨胰岛索抵抗状态下心脏间质纤维化的发生机制.方法:高脂食物喂养诱导胰岛索抵抗模型.测定大鼠体重(BW)、心脏重量(HW)和计算HW/BW;观察两组大鼠心脏组织结构:正糖高胰岛索嵌铗技术(EICT)检测两组大鼠胰岛素抵抗情况;RT-PCR测定两组大鼠MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的mRNA水平,免疫组化法检测MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2和Ⅰ、Ⅲ胶原蛋白水平.结果:胰岛索抵抗大鼠GIR明显降低(P<0.01),体重增加(P<0.05).胰岛素抵抗大鼠心脏:HW和HW/BW高于正常对照组,光镜可见心脏间质纤维化改变.心脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原明显增多(P<0.05).胰岛素抵抗大鼠心脏MMP-2、TIMP-1的mRNA表达增加(P<0.05),MMP-9、TIMP-2的mRNA有增多趋势(P>0.05),但无统计学意义;TIMP-2的蛋白含量增加(P<0.05),MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-2有增多趋势,无统计学差异(P>0.05);胰岛索抵抗大鼠MMP-2,MMP-9与TIMP-1蛋白水平比值及MMP-2与TIMP-2蛋白水平比值降低.结论:胰岛素抵抗时大鼠心脏MMP-2、MMP-9表达增加.但TIMP-1、TIMP-2增加更显著;MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的这种变化与胰岛素抵抗时心脏间质纤维化有关.     

二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化的影响

目的 探讨二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化的作用。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组,n=8、糖尿病组(DM组,n=9)、二甲双胍组(MET组,n=10)。DM组、MET组大鼠高脂饲料喂养4周,腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,DM组、MET组大鼠继续高脂饲料喂养,并且MET组大鼠给予二甲双胍500mg/(kg·d)灌胃6周。实验末,计算心脏体质量比(HW/BW),采用Masson染色及免疫组织化学染色,检测左室心肌胶原含量及转化生长因子-β1(TGF β1)、血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)表达的变化。结果 与NC组相比,DM组和MET组大鼠HW、HW/BW均显著增加(P<0 .05),心肌胶原含量、TGF-β1、TSP-1表达均显著增加(P<0.05);与DM组大鼠相比,MET组大鼠HW/BW显著减轻(P<0.05),心肌胶原含量、TGF-β1、TSP-1表达均显著减少(P<0.05)。结论 糖尿病大鼠存在心肌纤维化,二甲双胍可以减轻糖尿病大鼠的心肌纤维化。     

实验性糖尿病心肌病大鼠模型建立及心脏功能和结构相关性分析

目的 建立实验性糖尿病心肌病大鼠模型,观察心功能和结构变化,初步分析心脏功能和结构指标相关性.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高糖高脂膳食组和糖尿病心肌病模型组,采用高糖高脂膳食12周负荷一次性小剂量STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病心肌病模型,观察各组动物心脏功能、心脏重量和心重指数、左心室形态和胶原含量等的变化.结果 (1)与正常对照组比较,糖尿病心肌病模型组大鼠左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)和最大舒张速率(-dp/dtmax)值显著升高(P<0.05),心率(HR)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室最大收缩速率(+dp/dtmax)、每搏输出量(SV)和心排量(CO)明显降低(P<0.05);全心重指数(HW/BW)和左心室重量指数(LVW/BW)明显升高(P<0.01);常规HE染色显示心肌细胞排列紊乱,心肌细胞肥大,细胞核边缘不清等,室间隔和左心室壁厚度明显增加(P<0.001,P<0.05);心肌胶原含量明显增加(P<0.05).(2)大鼠心脏功能参数±dp/dtmax和CO值分别与结构参数HW/BW和LVW/BW呈现明显的相关性(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 大鼠高糖高脂膳食喂养负荷小剂量STZ一次性腹腔注射,可造成心脏舒张和收缩功能紊乱以及心肌结构重塑,心脏功能与结构变化呈显著相关性,可复制实验性糖尿病心肌病模型.     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对糖尿病大鼠心脏PDGF、TGF-β1以及Ⅳ型胶原的影响

目的 通过观察血管紧张素-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7),Ang-(1-7)]作用后糖尿病大鼠心脏血小板源性生长因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)、转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor -β1,TGF-β1)、Ⅳ型胶原的变化,及其对糖尿病大鼠心脏的作用.方法 将SD大鼠分为正常对照组(C组)、糖尿病模型Ang-(1-7)干预组(T组)及糖尿病模型组(D组).分别检测血糖等生化指标,并检测心脏组织PDGF、TGF-β1、Ⅳ型胶原的基因表达水平.结果 与T组相比,D组大鼠心脏/体质量比(heart weight/body weight,HW/BW)明显增加, PDGF、TGF-β1 、Ⅳ型胶原的mRNA表达明显上调(P<0.01).结论 Ang-(1-7) 具有抑制糖尿病大鼠心脏组织PDGF、TGF-β1、Ⅳ型胶原mRNA表达的作用,抑制心脏组织增生.     

Bcl-2和Bnip-3在糖尿病性心肌病大鼠心肌细胞中的表达

目的探讨细胞凋亡因子Bcl-2、Bnip-3在实验性糖尿病性心肌病大鼠心肌细胞中的表达情况。方法选取8周龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠30只,随机分为对照组和模型组。对照组大鼠腹腔注射枸橼酸缓冲液,模型组大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素溶液建立糖尿病模型,继续饲养12周,自然形成糖尿病性心肌病模型;然后处死2组大鼠,取血测定血糖、血脂,取心脏称质量计算心脏质量指数,切取心肌组织电镜观察心肌超微结构变化,并测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)水平,免疫组织化学法测定心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bnip-3的表达。结果模型组大鼠血糖、三酰甘油、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、心肌酶及心肌形态学改变均符合糖尿病性心肌病表现。模型组大鼠心肌细胞中Bcl-2的表达明显低于对照组(P<0.01),Bnip-3的表达明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论细胞凋亡因子Bcl-2和Bnip-3可能参与了糖尿病性心肌病的心肌细胞凋亡过程。     

曲美他嗪对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)的过度表达和曲美他嗪对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 将SD大鼠分为3组:正常组(N组);2型糖尿病组(D组);2型糖尿病曲美他嗪组(T组).饲养16周后,TUNEL法检测各组心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测各组心肌细胞PPARα蛋白的表达.结果 与N组相比,D组大鼠PPARα蛋白的表达增高,心肌细胞凋亡增加(P＜0.01);与D组相比,T组PPARα表达减少,心肌凋亡减少(P＜0.01).结论 PPARα过度表达与糖尿病心肌细胞凋亡有关,可能参与糖尿病心肌病病程,曲美他嗪可有效逆转这一过程.     

氧化应激对大鼠心肌梗死后心室重构的影响

目的 探讨大鼠急性心肌梗死后氧化应激对心室重构的影响.方法 制备雄性SD大鼠急性心肌梗死模型(n=20)和假手术对照(n=12),于手术后6周观察心脏及心脏重量指数(HMI)、左室重量指数(LVMI)、右室重量指数(RVMl)、心功能指标、非梗死区心肌细胞凋亡指数、梗死区及非梗死区心肌胶原含量、Ⅰ型及Ⅲ型胶原比值以及心肌组织的氧化代谢指标.结果 心肌梗死后HMI、LVMI、RVMI增加,心功能下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);心肌细胞凋亡指数、非梗死区心肌胶原含量均增加,心肌组织Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原比值升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);心肌组织超氧化物歧化降低.丙二醛含量升高,二者的比值降低(P<0.05);相关性分析提示心肌组织氧化应激水平与心功能指标、心肌细胞凋亡指数、胶原含量、胶原Ⅰ/Ⅲ比值均存在相关.结论 氧化应激参与心室重构的病理生理过程,干预氧化应激可作为防治心室重构的手段.     

伪人参皂苷GQ对阿霉素致大鼠急性心肌损伤的保护作用

目的：构建阿霉素(DOX)致大鼠急性心肌损伤模型,探讨伪人参皂苷GQ(PGQ)对大鼠急性心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：通过股静脉注射DOX建立大鼠急性心肌损伤模型,将30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、DOX组（18 mg/kg）、DOX+右丙亚胺(DZR)组（180 mg/kg）和DOX+低、中、高剂量PGQ组（分别为3、6和12 mg/kg/d）(n=5)。观察各组大鼠的一般状态,计算各组大鼠心脏/体质量（HW/BW）比值,检测各组大鼠心功能指标和血清肌钙蛋白I（TnI）水平,观察各组大鼠心肌组织形态学和超微结构改变。结果：与对照组比较,DOX组大鼠BW总下降值明显升高（P<0.05）,HW/BW比值明显增高（P<0.05）,心率（HR）、左心室收缩压（LVSP）和左心室内压力上升/下降最大速率（±dp/dtmax）明显降低（P<0.05）,TnI水平明显增高（P<0.05）,并见心肌组织形态学及超微结构损伤。与DOX组比较,DOX+DZR组和DOX+中剂量PGQ组大鼠HR、LVSP、±dp/dtmax明显升高（P<0.05）,TnI水平明显减低（P<0.05）,HW/BW比值明显减低（P<0.05）,大鼠心肌组织形态学及超微结构改变明显好转。与DOX+DZR组比较,DOX+中剂量PGQ组大鼠BW总下降值明显减少（P<0.05）,且对心肌细胞的超微结构保护作用更显著。结论：PGQ能够拮抗DOX所致的心肌损伤,具有心肌保护作用。     

Effects of valsartan on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is multifactorial. Insulin resistance （IR） and excessive activity of the renin-angiotensin system are confirmed reasons for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Renin-angiotensin system （RAS） inhibitors can reduce tissue Ang Ⅱ levels, with beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. Therefore, in type-2diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, blockade of the RAS may have the function of protecting against diabetic cardiomyopathy through increasing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting excessive activity of RAS. However, this has not been confirmed.Methods The effect of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker （ARB）, on diabetic cardiomyopathy in the presence of T2DM was studied. Wistar rats with T2DM and T2DM treated with valsartan were studied. Glucose infusion rates （GIR）,index of IR, heart weight, the heart weight-to-body weight ratio （HW/BW）, myocardial apoptotic index, cardiac hydroxyprolin content, and cardiac tissue collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅲ content were measured.Results GIR in T2DM rats and T2DM rats treated with valsartan decreased （P ＜0.01）. In T2DM rats treated with valsartan, heart weight, myocardial apoptotic index, cardiac hydroxyprolin content, and cardiac tissue collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅲ content were higher than in control rats, but lower than in T2DM rats. In rats with T2DM, GIR was negatively and significantly correlated with all the variables. However, in T2DM rats treated with valsartan or normal control rats, none of the correlations was significant.Conclusions In the presence of T2DM, diabetic cardiomyopathy is related with IR. Valsartan can not alleviate IR, but can protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and remove the correlation between IR and diabetic cardiomyopathy.     

糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能的变化及胰岛素的治疗作用

目的:探讨糖尿病对大鼠阴茎勃起功能的影响,胰岛素是否能提高糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能。方法:应用雄性SD大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素()制造糖尿病动物模型,用胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠进行干预治疗周,再通过观察各组大鼠注STZ8射阿朴吗啡()后的阴茎勃起情况来评价其勃起功能。APO结果:糖尿病组(组)大鼠阴茎勃起率、阴茎勃起次数较对照D组(组)明显降低(CP),用胰岛素治疗组(组)上述指标明显高于组(<0.01DMDIDP),较组低(<0.01CP),阴茎<0.01勃起功能与HbA1呈显著负相关。C结论:糖尿病严重损害阴茎勃起功能,胰岛素治疗可提高糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能。     

吡格列酮对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗和胰岛功能的影响

目的:建立2型糖尿病（T2DM）的大鼠模型,观察吡格列酮（PIO）对胰岛素抵抗和胰岛功能的影响。方法:SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为对照组（10只）和高脂组（30只）。高脂组建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,得到T2DM大鼠24只。将成模的24只T2DM大鼠随机分为糖尿病组（DM组）和PIO组,每组12只。监测DM组、PIO组和对照组大鼠体质量、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白以及血脂,计算胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）以及胰岛素敏感指数。结果:DM组、PIO组大鼠的体质量、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数均高于对照组（P<0.05~P<0.01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素敏感指数和HOMA-β则均低于对照组（P<0.05~P<0.01）;PIO组的HOMA-β高于DM组（P<0.05）。结论:PIO发挥治疗T2DM大鼠糖尿病的作用可能与减轻T2DM大鼠的胰岛素抵抗和改善胰岛功能有关。     

Astragalus Prevents Diabetic Rats from Developing Cardiomyopathy by Downregulating Angiotensin Ⅱ Type2 Receptors' Expression

Diabeticcardiomyopathyisoneofthemostim portantcausesofdeathindiabeticpatients .Asitisextremelydifficulttoidentifydiabeticcardiomy opathyatearlystageandtoestablishthemodeloftype 2diabeticcardiomyopathy ,theresearchontype2diabeticcardiomyopathylagsfarbehind…     

Impact of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Objective To investigate the impact of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods Type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM) model rats were established by intraperitoneally injecting with 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. After 8 weeks, 19 male rats were identified as diabetic with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ultrasound examination, and randomly assigned into three groups:untreated (DM-LVH, n=7), treated with insulin (DM-LVH+INS, n=6), and treated with 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (DM-LVH+VD, n=6). Healthy male rats were used as the controls group (n=6). The fasting blood glucose and the insulin level were determined weekly. The left ventricular mass index, myocardial collagen content, collagen volume fraction, and 1, 25-(OH)2D3-receptor level were determined by 4 weeks later.
Results In the DM-LVH model group, the insulin level was significantly decreased compared with the non-diabetic control group (P<0.05), whereas the blood glucose, left ventricular mass index, myocardial collagen content, collagen volume fraction, and 1, 25-(OH)2D3-receptor expression were significantly increased (all P<0.05). In the DM-LVH+INS and DM-LVH+VD groups, the insulin levels were significantly increased compared with the DM-LVH model group (P<0.05), whereas the other parameters were significantly decreased (all P<0.05).
Conclusion 1, 25-(OH)2D3 could reverse LVH in diabetic rats and that the mechanism may involve stimulating insulin secretion and reducing blood glucose via direct up-regulation of 1, 25-(OH)2D3-receptor expression.     

GLP-1受体激动剂对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢和小肠L细胞功能的影响

目的研究胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1）受体激动剂对2型糖尿病大鼠小肠L细胞GLP-1表达的影响。方法观察正常大鼠和2型糖尿病大鼠经GLP-1受体激动剂Exenatide干预前后体质量、空腹血糖、血脂谱、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数和胰岛素敏感指数的变化,免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠小肠L细胞GLP-1的表达变化。结果与糖尿病组比较,糖尿病Exenatide干预组大鼠的体质量、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂谱、胰岛素抵抗指均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。糖尿病组和糖尿病Exenatide干预组大鼠小肠L细胞GLP-1的表达均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．0l,P〈0．05）;与糖尿病组比较,糖尿病Exenatide干预组大鼠小肠L细胞GLP-1的表达显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论GLP-1受体激动剂可能对改善糖尿病大鼠小肠I．细胞GLP-1表达功能有-定作用。     

Improvement of the function of islet beta and alpha cells by intervention against glucotoxicity: experiment with rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intervention against glucotoxicity on improvement of the function and pathological changes of islet beta and alpha cells. METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: normal control (NC) group, fed with standard chow, high-fat (HF) group, fed with extra high-fat chow; diabetes mellitus (DM) control group, fed with high-fat chow for 8 weeks followed by 30 mg/kg streptozotocin injection to establish DM models; and insulin (INS) group, treated with subcutaneous injection of long-acting insulin (glargine, 0.5 U x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 4 weeks after the establishment of DM models. 48 h, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after the STZ injection to the 2 DM groups oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to all rats. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the caudal vein. Serum insulin level was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Total serum cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by enzyme-colorimetric method. By the end of experiment the rats were killed with their pancreases taken out. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the morphological changes of the islet beta and alpha cells. Beta cell and alpha cell masses were calculated by the proportions of positive area in the islet. Proinsulin mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Insulin protein content in islets was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Four weeks after the insulin intervention against glucotoxicity, the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose 2 h after sugar-taking of the INS group were both significantly lower than those of the DM group (both P < 0.01). The relative beta cell mass of the INS group was 0.38 +/- 0.08, significantly bigger, 2.45 times, that of the DM group (0.11 +/- 0.05, P < 0.01). The relative alpha cells mass in islets of the INS group was 0.16 +/- 0.04, significantly lower, by 43%, than that of the DM group (0.28 +/- 0.15, P < 0.01). The insulin contents in beta cells of the INS group was 0.58 +/- 0.03, significantly higher, by 70.6%, than that of the DM group (0.34 +/- 0.14, P < 0.01). The proinsulin mRNA level of the INS group was 1.52 +/- 0.14, significantly higher, by 20.6%, than that of the DM group. CONCLUSION: The morphology of islet beta, alpha cells in diabetic rats was improved by four weeks of Intervention against glucotoxicity improves the pathology of islet beta and alpha cells in diabetic and insulin synthesis.     

苦参黄酮联合卡托普利对糖尿病大鼠心肌病变的改善作用

目的：探讨苦参黄酮与卡托普利联合应用对2型糖尿病心肌病模型大鼠心肌病变的改善作用,初步阐明其改善大鼠心肌纤维化的作用机制。方法：在100只清洁级雄性Wistar 大鼠中随机选取15只为正常组,其余大鼠以高脂、高糖饲料饲养配合一次性腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ,30mg·kg^-1）的方法,建立实验性2型糖尿病心肌病大鼠模型,共72只成模。按血糖水平选取60只大鼠,随机分为模型组、卡托普利组、苦参黄酮组和苦参黄酮联合卡托普利组,每组15只,灌胃给药8周后,观察各组大鼠的体质量、心脏指数和血清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶-MB（CK-MB）活性及心肌组织中一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、一氧化氮（NO）、Ⅰ型胶原及Ⅲ型胶原的水平。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量下降（P < 0.01）,心脏指数增加（P < 0.01）,血清中LDH和CK-MB活性增加（P < 0.01）,心肌组织中iNOS和 NO水平降低（P < 0.05）,ColⅠ和ColⅢ水平增加（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠体质量增加（P < 0.05）,心脏指数下降（P < 0.05）,血清中LDH和CK-MB活性降低（P < 0.05）,心肌组织中iNOS和NO水平增加（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）,ColⅠ和ColⅢ水平降低（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）,且苦参黄酮联合卡托普利组改善效果好于单独用药组（P < 0.05）。结论：苦参黄酮与卡托普利联合应用对2型糖尿病模型大鼠心肌病变有一定的改善作用,其可能的机制是通过减少心肌损伤改善糖尿病心肌病。     

糖脂清对糖尿病大鼠海马内质网应激相关因子GRP78、CHOP、Caspase-12表达的影响

目的 通过观察糖脂清对糖尿病大鼠海马组织的内质网应激相关因子GPR78、CHOP、Caspase-12的影响,探讨其在改善糖尿病大鼠认知功能的作用机制。方法 采用高糖高脂饲料联合小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,并给予糖脂清高、中、低剂量组干预8周后,采用ELISA法检测血清空腹葡萄糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）,计算稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）;qPCR和Western blot法检测海马组织内质网应激相关因子GPR78、CHOP、Caspase-12的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果 糖脂清各剂量组均能够显著降低FPG及HOMA-IR（ P <0.01）,除低剂量组外,糖脂清均可显著提高ISI（ P <0.01）,3组FINS水平无显著性差异（ P >0.05）。与模型组比较,糖脂清低、中、高3个剂量组GRP78 mRNA和蛋白相对表达均显著增加,CHOP、Caspase-12 mRNA表达均减少（ P <0.01）,中、高剂量组CHOP、Caspase-12蛋白表达显著减少（ P <0.01）。结论 糖脂清能够控制血糖,改善胰岛素抵抗,增加胰岛素敏感性,同时能够调节海马内质网应激相关因子GRP78、CHOP、Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白的表达。      

Effect of Kaiyu Qingwei granule on insulin receptor in liver and skeletal muscular cell membrane in diabetes mellitus rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of Kaiyu Qingwei granule (KYQWG) on the insulin binding capacity of liver and skeletal muscular cell membrane and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Rats in four experimental groups were investigated: the control group, the model group, the KYQWG group and the Metformin group. The insulin binding rate (IBR) of liver and skeletal muscular cell membrane was detected by receptor-ligand radiometric method and changes of serum levels of glucose, insulin and IGF-1 were observed before and after 4 weeks of medication.Results: The KYQWG group had a lower blood glucose level and IBR of liver and muscular cell membrane, as compared with those in the model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and a higher level of IGF-1 than that in the model group(P<0.01), but had no obvious changes in the serum level of insulin.Conclusion: KYQWG may increase the serum level of IGF-1 in diabetic rats, thus to decrease the insulin resistance at ante-receptor sites and improve the sugar metabolic disturbance in rats with diabetes mellitus.