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目的 探讨高频振荡通气(HFOV)在小儿先天性心脏病术后的应用效果.方法 2007年6月-2008年6月阜外心血管病医院小儿心脏中心实施心脏手术患儿1957例,其中实施HFOV 13例.男8例,女5例;年龄(13.4±15.4)个月;体质量4.2~12.5 kg.其中法洛四联症4例,大动脉转位3例(其中校正性大动脉转位1例),完全性肺静脉畸形引流、完全性心内膜垫缺损、肺动脉闭锁各2例.除1例肺动脉闭锁行体肺分流术外,其余手术均在全麻低温体外循环下进行.术后常规呼吸机辅助呼吸.采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学分析.结果 换HFOV前常频呼吸机辅助时间为(15.70±20.33)d,HFOV辅助时间为(10.0±7.5)d.高频通气早期可明显改善通气、换气功能,13例患儿中,存活5例,存活率38.4%.死亡病例中,6例死于肺实变,死于肾衰竭、肺出血各1例.7例并发气胸.结论 HFOV在先天性心脏病患儿术后的应用,早期可获得满意通气换气功能;但病死率仍很高;远期效果差者,HFOV可作为过渡手段.  相似文献   

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在寒冷季节,我国甲型H1N1流感的防治工作更加艰巨,其中部分危重患儿需要呼吸机支持治疗。各地医疗机构加大投入力度,相继建立了ICU和抢救室,并配备了呼吸机等设备。但对于普通儿科医师和广大基层人员来说,对呼吸机的使用知识以及其在儿童的使用特点仍缺乏深入了解。为此,本刊特邀请部分急诊和重症医学专家进行呼吸机临床使用的专题笔谈。其目的是帮助临床一线的广大医师尽快熟悉和掌握呼吸机在儿童的使用,使呼吸机在抗击甲流的临床工作中发挥更大的作用。  相似文献   

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目的:该研究旨在验证神经调节辅助通气(neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, NAVA)这一新的辅助通气模式在先天性心脏病术后应用的血流动力学安全性,并比较NAVA和传统的压力支持通气(pressure support ventilation, PSV)在氧合功能和气体交换能力上的差异。方法:21例先天性心脏病纠治手术后患儿平均年龄(2.9±2.1)月,平均体重(4.2±1.4)kg,分别先后随机接受PSV和NAVA辅助通气60 min,比较两种模式通气时的血流动力学指标、呼吸力学指标和氧合功能。结果:21例患儿中3例因双侧膈肌麻痹,无膈肌电活动(EAdi)信号不能转换为NAVA模式而退出研究,另外18例PSV和NAVA模式的血流动力学指标差异无显著性意义,NAVA模式时PaO2/FiO2比值略高于PSV,但差异尚无显著性意义(P>0.05),PaCO2在二种模式中无明显差别,但NAVA模式此时的PIP和EAdi却低于PSV模式(P<0.05)。拔管后需要再次插管或无创通气的患儿EAdi信号明显高于顺利脱机者 (30.0±8.4 μV vs 11.1±3.6 μV; P<0.01)。结论:该研究是国内最早关于NAVA通气模式在婴幼儿中应用的研究,NAVA与传统PSV相比在血流动力学上具有同样的安全性,且能够以较PSV更低的气道压力实现与PSV同样的气体交换,可以减少肺损伤的发生,拔管后EAdi信号的监测可以作为再插管或无创通气的预警指标。[中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11(6):433-436]  相似文献   

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心律失常是小儿心脏直视术后常见并发症之一,我们将1984年1月到1990年12月在我院胸外科住院治疗的先心病病人资料完整的88例进行归纳总结,分析心律失常发生原因,探讨预防和治疗措施。  相似文献   

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先天性心脏病 (简称先心病 )患儿心脏术后其肺部力学易发生改变。当并发呼吸道感染时极易发生呼吸衰竭 ,明显影响先心病患儿术后的肺动脉血流[1] 。肺部并发症 ,尤其是气道外部受压 ,肺动脉高压 ,胸腔渗液等问题是患儿心脏术后恢复延迟的主要原因[2 ] 。心脏外科手术 ,偶尔也在  相似文献   

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无创高频通气(NIHFV)是利用鼻塞、鼻咽管或面罩替代气管插管进行高频通气的一种新兴无创通气支持模式。NIHFV结合了经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)和高频通气(HFV)的优点,具有持续维持肺泡稳定,更有利于清除CO2,压力伤更小,不需要同步技术等优势。小样本研究表明NIHFV可作为其他无创通气失败后的营救性治疗从而避免和延迟气管插管,但是目前临床资料有限,需要进一步的多中心、大样本、随机对照研究。  相似文献   

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急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是儿科临床常见危重症,在儿科重症患者中具有较高的发病率和病死率。无创通气因其自身特点已成为ARDS救治的常用支持手段,该文就儿童ARDS无创通气支持研究现状进行综述。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨小儿肺血减少性青紫型先天性心脏病(CHD)呼吸衰竭机械通气策略。方法 回顾性总结我院1992-1998年间12例小儿肺血减少性青紫型CHD合并呼吸衰竭患儿机械通气治疗效果,分析通气时机、方法、参数调节及药物治疗发的影响。结果 机械通气后SaO2〉7%9例(占75%);〈70%3例,其中2例表现通气不足。在SaO2〉85%的5例中,2例表现通气过度或气压伤,通过时间1.5h~5d。结果1例  相似文献   

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先天性心脏病患儿发生心律失常,既与其心脏畸形有关,也可能是外科操作所致.抗心律失常治疗是基于快速和准确诊断.由于抗心律失常药物的负性肌力作用,药物治疗小儿心律失常时需权衡其利弊.近十年来,非药物治疗心律失常逐渐推广到儿科领域.  相似文献   

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Summary Pre- and postoperative exercise tests were performed on 12 children with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) (age, 4–12 years). Oxygen uptake, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to exercise were measured. Exercise test time and the tolerable speed of the treadmill increased significantly after the operation. When pre- and postoperative values were compared, exercise heart rates did not change in most of the children, while delta systolic blood pressure rose significantly. The significant increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2/Kg) values also revealed that there was an improvement in their exercise capacity after the operation.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨不同潮气量机械通气策略对手术后婴幼儿重症先天性心脏病(先心病)的疗效差别.方法 2010年10月至2012年1月我院CICU收治的先心病术后机械通气时间≥72 h、年龄≤3岁的患儿68例(男40例,女28例).以不同潮气量的机械通气策略分为2组:A组32例,采用小潮气量(6~10 ml/kg)的通气策略,B组36例,采用大潮气量(10 ~ 15 ml/kg),均采用压力调节容量控制模式,观察两组术后机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、术后并发症等.结果 B组机械通气时间为(8.6±2.5)d,A组为(11.7±3.2)d,B组较A组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组ICU住院时间为(11.4±4.8)d,A组为(15.6±5.7)d,B组较A组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).A组发生呼吸机相关性肺炎2例(6.3%),气胸1例(3.1%);B组发生呼吸机相关性肺炎2例(5.6%),气胸2例(5.6%);两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 采用大潮气量机械通气策略治疗婴幼儿重症先心病术后的疗效优于小潮气量机械通气策略.  相似文献   

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目的 评价彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)诊断先天性心脏病(先心病)的准确性及其对外科手术的指导价值,并探讨该技术的局限性。方法 以复旦大学附属儿科医院制定的超声心动图规范化诊断方法进行CDE检查,每个病例至少显示12个超声切面观,结合Van Praagh顺序节段分析法并做出诊断。采用Philips/SONOS 7500、HP/SONOS 5500或HP/SONOS 2500多功能超声诊断仪。以手术诊断为金标准,评价CDE诊断的灵敏度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值等,并与心导管造影(ANGIO)诊断进行比较。结果 2001年1月至2006年12月,接受外科手术治疗的先心病患儿共2 786例,其中复杂病例1 046例(占37.6%),年龄1 d至24岁5个月,平均(2.83±2.63)岁,其中婴幼儿2 301例(2 301/2 786),占82.6%,<1岁者38.8%,~3岁者43.8%,围术期死亡35例(1.26%,35/2 786)。以手术诊断为金标准,CDE诊断2 786例先心病患儿主要畸形的敏感度98.38%,特异度99.97%,符合率99.92%,阳性预测值99.06%,阴性预测值99.95%。在463例同时接受CDE和ANGIO检查者中,计算ANGIO诊断的敏感度99.08%,特异度99.96%,符合率99.92%,阳性预测值99.02%,阴性预测值99.95%;与CDE诊断比较,主动脉缩窄CDE诊断的敏感度较低(P=0.036)。结论 规范化CDE诊断方案可以对绝大多数先心病患儿做出准确诊断,绝大部分先心病患儿在CDE检查后可直接施行手术治疗,但如果术前需要了解肺动脉压力/阻力和肺血管发育情况,或CDE诊断不完全明确或怀疑合并有其他心血管畸形如主动脉缩窄等,仍然需要接受进一步心导管造影检查。  相似文献   

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Children with low-flow congenital heart lesions are reported to have an increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to investigate if children with congenital heart disease have an increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and to determine if patients with certain heart conditions are more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis than others. This retrospective study over a 6-year period showed that pulmonary tuberculosis was 2.5-fold more common in children with congenital heart disease than in normal children from the same community. Children with congenital pulmonary stenosis had a prevalence equal to those with acyanotic (ventricular and atrial septal defects) and cyanotic (transposition of the great arteries) high-flow heart lesions, whereas there were no cases of tuberculosis in children with low-flow cyanotic heart lesions such as tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiac surgery had to be postponed as a result of pulmonary tuberculosis in 7.2% of all patients in whom it was required. Over the 6-year period of the study, cardiac surgery had to be delayed in 60% of cases with pulmonary tuberculosis and congenital heart lesions so antituberculosis therapy could be completed. Physicians treating children with congenital heart lesions should maintain a high index of suspicion for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in those with acyanotic and cyanotic high-flow lesions and pulmonary stenosis.  相似文献   

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BACKGROUND: Noncardiac conditions may complicate heart disease care, contribute to the progression of the disease and alter the response to treatment. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the proportion of cardiac children with such significant conditions. METHODS: Of the 1058 children with congenital heart disease primarily diagnosed during a 10-year-period in one hospital, we identified those patients who had significant congenital and acquired comorbidities. RESULTS: Associated problems were diagnosed in 224 children (21.2%). Among them, 118 children (11.2%) had genetic or syndromic conditions, of which 38 had Trisomy 21. Six subspecialty areas accounted for the vast majority of the cases: neurology (n = 140), pulmonology (n = 36), orthopaedics (n = 26), nephro-urology (n = 19), gastroenterology (n = 14) and endocrinology (n = 13). The most frequent associated conditions were mental retardation, asthma, epilepsy and scoliosis. During the study period, death occurred in 46 of the children (4.3%) and was not related to the cardiac disease in 20 cases (1.9%). CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of children with congenital heart disease have significant noncardiac comorbidities. Close collaboration between paediatric cardiologists and paediatricians of other subspecialties is imperative to optimize care for these children.  相似文献   

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从1966年Rashkind等进行球囊房间隔造口术至今,先天性心脏病介入治疗已经经过了50余年的发展,从最初的导管检查、姑息手术到现在的根治性封堵、支架的植入及瓣膜的替换等,介入性心导管技术已经成为治疗先天性心脏病的主要手段之一。我国先天性心脏病介入治疗已取得长足进步,但与发达国家相比仍有一定差距,现就间隔缺损性疾病、主肺分流性疾病、瓣膜性疾病及内外科镶嵌治疗等介入治疗进展进行梳理总结,以期对我国先天性心脏病的介入治疗提供借鉴。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨婴儿先天性心脏病体外循环术后的治疗及转归.方法 对我院2005年1月至2010年11月经体外循环治疗的217例婴儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 全组术后死亡11例,住院病死率为5.1%(11/217).其中因重症低心排出量综合征死亡4例,肺动脉高压危象死亡2例,低心排出量综合征合并急性肾功能不全死亡2例,重症感染死亡1例,严重低氧血症死亡1例,慢性心包填塞导致心跳骤停死亡1例.术后住院时间7~52 d,平均14 d.结论 随着外科治疗技术的提高,婴儿体外循环下心脏手术治疗可以取得良好的治疗效果.体外循环术后采取积极有效的治疗是降低围手术期病死率的关键.
Abstract:
Objective To study the treatment and outcome in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods The clinical data of 217 infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass in Shengjing Hospital from Jan 2005 to Nov 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Eleven infants died and the mortality was 5. 1% ( 11/217 ). Four infants died of severe low cardiac output syndrome,2 died of pulmonary hypertension crisis,2 died of low cardiac output syndrome complicated with acute renal insufficiency, 1 died of severe infection, 1 died of severe hypoxemia,and 1 died of chronic pericardial tamponade. The postoperation length of hospital stay was 7 ~ 52 d, 14 d in average. Conclusion With the improvement of surgical techniques,cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass on infants can result in good clinical effect. Active and effective treatment can reduce the perioperative mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass.  相似文献   

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Keeping children with congenital heart disease healthy is vital to their long-term survival and quality of life. Nurse practitioners are in an excellent position to keep these sometimes fragile children healthy before, between, and after their cardiac surgeries. Primary care visits should address developmental morbidity. Referral for in-depth evaluations and intervention should be initiated for children with hemodynamically significant heart disease. Infants may also experience poor feeding. Nutritional guidance may include fortifying formulas or enteral tube feedings. Attention to immunization status and prevention of winter illnesses and endocarditis may reduce complications in this high-risk group of children.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)的变化,对先天性心脏病患儿术后早期预后的预测价值.方法 选择2014年6-12月在全身麻醉、体外循环下行先天性心脏病手术415例患儿,在术前及术后早期(1、12、36、60 h和1周)测定NT-proBNP,并收集一般临床资料.各时间点NT-proBNP的比较采用配对t检验及重复测量数据的方差分析,使用ROC曲线评价NT-proBNP预测机械通气时间>48 h、术后ICU停留时间>3 d、血管活性药物使用时间>3 d的诊断效能,总体诊断效能用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)及95%可信区间表示.结果 全组平均NT-proBNP达峰时间为术后12h.其中296例NT-proBNP在术后12h内达到峰值(12h内达峰组),其余119例均在12h后达到峰值(12 h后达峰组).12h内达峰组术后机械通气时间为(29.19±33.34)h,12h后达峰组为(49.16±85.85)h,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.465,P=0.015).12h内达峰组ICU停留时间为(3.69±2.73)d,12 h后达峰组为(5.57±5.64)d,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.479,P=0.001).12h内达峰组血管活性药物使用时间>3 d比例为35.8%(106/296),12 h后达峰组为52.9%(63/119),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=10.318,P=0.002).通过ROC曲线计算术后12 h NT-proBNP预测机械通气时间>48 h的曲线下面积(AUC)为80.1%(95%可信区间75.0%~85.1%),最佳界值为7 708.71 pg/ml,灵敏度为65.1%,特异度为81.8%.术后12 h NT-proBNP预测血管活性药物使用时间>3 d的AUC为78.4%(95%可信区间为73.9%~82.9%),最佳界值为6 145.67 pg/ml,灵敏度为82.5%,特异度为62.7%.术后12hNT-proBNP预测术后ICU停留时间>3 d的AUC为77.5%(95%可信区间为73.0%~82.1%),最佳界值为4 981.77 pg/ml,灵敏度为68.7%,特异度为76.4%.结论 血清NT-proBNP是小儿先天性心脏病术后估测早期预后的一个敏感指标,在协助判断先天性心脏病术后患儿机械通气时间、血管活性药物使用时间、ICU停留时间方面有一定的临床应用价值.  相似文献   

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