抗苗勒管激素与多囊卵巢综合征的关系

抗苗勒管激素（anti-müllerian hormone,AMH）在多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）患者中表达明显升高,这可能与PCOS患者原始卵泡发育障碍有关。PCOS发病机制仍不明确,AMH可能是一个重要致病因素,其可通过神经内分泌机制、自噬机制等发挥调控作用。此外,AMH及其受体的基因改变也参与其中,组成PCOS的表观遗传学发病机制。AMH还可作为诊断PCOS的生化指标,截断值根据年龄、分型而有所调整。AMH与PCOS的不良妊娠结局也存在一定相关性,可作为早产的预测因子。综述AMH在PCOS发病机制、诊断及对妊娠结局影响等方面的研究进展,为妇产科临床工作提供理论依据。     

抗苗勒管激素及其Ⅱ型受体与卵母细胞成熟的关系

目的:探讨抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及其Ⅱ型受体(AMHⅡ)与卵母细胞成熟的关系.方法:选取因男性因素不孕进行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗的32例患者,于取卵日采集3ml静脉血,收集卵泡液及卵丘颗粒细胞,记录获卵数、卵子成熟度.采用ELISA法测定血清及卵泡液中的AMH水平;Real-time PCR测定卵丘颗粒细胞中AMHⅡ型受体(AMHRⅡ)mRNA的相对表达.结果:卵泡液中的AMH水平[(3083.78±682.19)pg/ml]显著高于血清[(1012.29±423.21) pg/ml] (P＜0.001);卵泡液中AMH水平与血清AMH水平/获卵数呈正相关(P=0.045).MⅠ期卵母细胞卵泡液中的AMH水平显著高于MⅡ期(P=0.000);MⅠ期卵丘颗粒细胞中的AMHRⅡmRNA的表达量显著高于MⅡ期(P=0.000).结论:AMH可能通过Ⅱ型受体抑制卵母细胞成熟;血清AMH/获卵数可作为预测卵母细胞成熟度的参考因子.     

抗苗勒管激素与卵巢功能

抗苗勒管激素(AMH)作为转化生长因子β超家族成员之一,具有调节细胞发育及分化的作用。近年研究发现,AMH在调控卵泡生长和发育中发挥一定的作用。AMH水平与卵巢内卵泡数量和卵泡的初期发育相关,在优势卵泡选择方面也起到了某种潜在的作用。因此,AMH可作为评估卵巢储备能力的指标。多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的AMH水平升高,表明AMH与PCOS诊断和治疗可能相关。AMH标准化的检测及AMH类似物或拮抗剂的应用,将成为生殖医学领域的又一突破。     

抗苗勒管激素水平与卵巢反应性的相关性分析

目的:探讨育龄期女性抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平与卵巢反应性的关系。方法:选择第一周期进行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的患者1445例,在启动周期前采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清AMH水平,用超声诊断仪检测卵巢窦卵泡计数(AFC),并结合年龄、体质量指数(BMI)等因素,计算其在卵巢低反应组(获卵数≤3个)和卵巢高反应组(获卵数> 15个)的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:Spearman相关及多元线性回归分析均显示,获卵数与AFC和AMH呈显著正相关(P <0. 05),与年龄和方案选择呈显著负相关(P <0. 05);多元线性回归分析示获卵数与BMI无明显相关性(P> 0. 05)。预测卵巢低反应时,AFC和AMH的AUC(分别是0. 926和0. 883)明显大于BMI和年龄的AUC(分别是0. 454和0. 181),AMH预测值为1. 47μg/L,AFC的预测值为8个。预测卵巢高反应时,AFC和AMH的AUC(分别是0. 764和0. 759)明显大于BMI和年龄的AUC(分别是0. 433和0. 389),...     

抗苗勒管激素用于多囊卵巢综合征诊断的探讨

目的:探讨抗苗勒管激素(AMH)在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)诊断的应用价值.方法:用电化学免疫发光法检测75例PCOS患者(研究组)及86例正常排卵育龄妇女(对照组)月经第2日内分泌水平,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清AMH,同时应用超声诊断仪行卵巢卵泡计数(FN).结果:①研究组与对照组血清AMH水平分别为(8...     

晚期育龄妇女抗苗勒管激素水平和肥胖的关联

抗苗勒管激素（AMH）,又称苗勒抑制物质,是男性胚胎分化的一种关键因子。女性出生后,AMH由初级、次级和囊状卵泡分泌,似可调节初级卵泡发育。卵巢中AMH的确切作用至今尚未阐明，已提出的功能包括：抑制卵泡募集和芳香化酶活性以及降低卵泡对促卵泡激素（FSH）的敏感性。     

抗苗勒管激素对于评价卵巢储备功能的作用

抗苗勒管激素(AMH)是胎儿睾丸支持细胞和卵巢颗粒细胞表达的一类单糖蛋白,隶属于转化生长因子β超家族,对于卵泡的生长发育有重要的调节作用,表现在抑制始基卵泡的生长募集以及通过降低卵泡的FSH敏感性抑制窦前和小窦状卵泡的生长等方面,它能客观地反映“卵泡池”中可生长卵泡的“规模”与“质量”,对于评价卵巢的储备功能以及预测辅助生殖治疗的结局有积极意义。     

子宫内膜异位症患者抗苗勒管激素基础水平研究进展

子宫内膜异位症(EMs)是育龄期妇女的常见病,包括腹膜型、深部结节型、卵巢型。EMs影响约2%的生殖期女性,约40%的EMs患者为卵巢型EMs,合并不孕者为40%~50%,并且具有易复发的特点。治疗方法包括药物保守治疗和手术治疗。近年来,有研究报道卵巢型EMs患者手术治疗后,卵巢功能下降,甚至出现卵巢功能早衰。而EMs本身,尤其是卵巢型EMs对卵巢储备功能的影响报道较少。抗苗勒管激素(AMH)是近年来评估卵巢储备功能的可靠标志物。通过分析3种不同类型EMs患者的AMH基础水平总结评价EMs对卵巢功能的影响,从而进一步指导临床工作。     

抗苗勒管激素在生殖内分泌领域的研究进展

抗苗勒管激素(AMH)是两性生殖腺发育必不可少的关键激素。近年研究发现,AMH是评估卵泡数量的良好生物学标志物,但不反映卵母细胞质量或女性受孕机会,低水平的AMH可能提示生育窗口期的缩短,但不能预测生育能力。血清AMH水平有助于鉴别诊断非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)与梗阻性无精子症(OA)。另外,由于AMH分泌的波动性及个体差异性,AMH水平的解读必须在内源性内分泌环境的背景下进行。本文就AMH在生殖内分泌领域的研究进展进行综述。     

抗苗勒管激素影响因素的研究进展

抗苗勒氏管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)又称为苗勒管抵制物(Müllerian-inhibiting substance,MIS),是转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor,TGF-β)超家族的成员。AMH具有良好的稳定性,一般情况下在整个月经周期中无明显波动,但是仍有一些因素影响AMH的分泌水平,这些变化在临床中有着重要的意义和价值。本文从多囊卵巢综合征、年龄、肥胖、季节、卵巢储备和性分化异常等6个方面总结了可能引起AMH变化的因素,从而深入认识AMH变化的临床意义和价值。     

Relationship between early follicular serum estrone level and other hormonal or ultrasonographic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum estrone (E1) level and other cardinal features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 133 Korean women aged 18–35 years who were newly diagnosed with PCOS at a university hospital were included in the present study. Blood samples were collected from all participants during the early follicular phase to determine the serum E1 level and other biochemical hormonal parameters. The total antral follicle count (TFC) and the total ovarian volume (TOV) were assessed using transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound. A significant correlation was found between serum E1 and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in women with PCOS. In addition, statistically significant correlations were observed between serum E1 level and other hormonal parameters, including testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. With respect to the ultrasound features, serum E1 levels were significantly correlated with TFC and TOV. All results did not change after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). In conclusion, serum E1 level is significantly correlated with serum LH and androgen levels, and it may be a useful marker for representing the status of the ovarian volume in women with PCOS.     

Incidence of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome amongst women in Melbourne, Australia

BACKGROUND: The incidence of polycystic ovaries (PCO) in the Australian population is unknown. AIMS: To determine the incidence of PCO in a random population of Melbourne women. METHODS: A retrospective survey of the transvaginal ultrasound of female partners of sterile males was undertaken. RESULTS: Twenty-three percent of subjects had polycystic ovaries on ultrasound criteria, 17% bilateral and 6% unilateral. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PCO in Australian women is similar to that of other Caucasian populations.     

Different diagnostic power of anti-Mullerian hormone in evaluating women with polycystic ovaries with and without hyperandrogenism

Purpose

The aim of this study is to compare the secretory profiles and diagnostic power of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) for the PCOS patient with and without hyperandrogenism.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-one PCOS patients with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea were recruited into the study. Sixty-two and sixty-nine patients had and did not have hyperandrogenism (HA+) hyperandrogenism (HA−), respectively. Sera were collected for determining the levels of AMH, basal sexual hormones, glucose and lipid metabolic indicators.

Results

The AMH serum levels of PCOS patients were significantly higher than the control group, with the highest AMH serum level in the HA+ group. The cut-off value for predicting PCOS patients of all types was 3.92 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 65 %, and specificity of 62 %. The cut-off value for predicting PCOS patients in the HA+ group was 4.23 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 82 %, and specificity of 64 %. The cut-off value for predicting PCOS patients in the HA− group was 3.76 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 64 %, and specificity of 62 %. In the HA+ group, AMH was negatively associated with FSH and positively associated with LH. In the HA− group, AMH was negatively associated with HDL and positively associated with BMI, fasting glucose and LDL.

Conclusions

AMH is only suitable for predicting the PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism. The diagnostic power of AMH is limited when used to predict patients without hyperandrogenism. It reflects the differences in pathophysiology and severity of disrupted folliculogenesis between the two subtypes.     

Adropin levels in women with polycystic ovaries undergoing ovarian stimulation: correlation with lipoprotein lipid profiles

This study aimed to investigate serum and follicular fluid (FF) adropin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and correlate them with the lipid and lipoprotein levels. We included 60 women (30 lean and 30 overweight) with diagnosed PCOS, and 60 age and weight-matched non-PCOS controls (30 lean and 30 overweight), under in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed by the Abbott Architect c8000 autoanalyzer while adropin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Serum and FF adropin levels were significantly lower in PCOS women compared with controls and FF adropin levels were lower than serum levels. Significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine were encountered in PCOS subjects, while HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly lower compared with controls. According to univariate and multivariate analysis, serum and FF adropin levels were positively correlated with BMI and HDL-C levels and negatively correlated with LDL-C levels. Women with polycystic ovaries exhibit lipid lipoprotein alterations increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life. Our findings suggest a probable involvement of adropin both in human metabolism and in the pathophysiology of PCOS.     

Association between anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin resistance in non-obese adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the association between anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and insulin resistance (IR) in non-obese adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without IR.

Methods: Seventy-seven consecutive non-obese patients were recruited and distributed into three groups according to diagnoses of PCOS and IR. Group I included 27 females diagnosed with PCOS and IR, group II included 18 females diagnosed with PCOS but without IR, and group III included 32 controls without PCOS.

Results: Group I had significantly higher AMH levels compared to group II and group III (p?p?p?=?0.004). There was a significant positive correlation between serum AMH and HOMA-IR levels in adolescent females with PCOS (p?=?0.003).

Conclusion: We found that serum AMH levels were higher in non-obese adolescent females with PCOS and IR than in PCOS patients without IR and the healthy controls. There was a significant positive correlation between AMH levels and IR in non-obese adolescent females with PCOS.     

Lower serum apelin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

We tested differences in serum apelin levels between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those with a healthy regular menstrual cycle, finding that apelin levels were higher in normal women and that apelin was positively correlated with apolipoprotein A levels.     

Relationship between insulin resistance and gonadotropin dissociation in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To test the interdependence between insulin resistance (IR) and gonadotropin dissociation (GD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional prospective study. SETTING: Clinical research center. PATIENT(S): Thirty-two PCOS patients aged 19-34 years; 16 obese (BMI > or = 27) and 16 nonobese (BMI < 27). INTERVENTION(S): A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a 100-microg i.v. GnRH test were performed on different days. Blood was taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes in each test. Serum glucose, insulin, LH, and FSH were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Area under the curve was calculated for glucose, insulin, and glucose-to-insulin ratio (GIR), and for LH, FSH, and LH-FSH ratio. RESULT(S): Glucose, insulin, and GIR were not modified significantly during the GnRH test, nor LH, FSH and LH-FSH ratio throughout the OGTT. There were no significant differences in GIR response of patients with and without GD, nor in LH-FSH ratio of patients with and without IR, after OGTT and GnRH test. However, obese patients with IR had a significantly larger (P<.04) area under the curve for LH-FSH ratio than those without IR after GnRH test, but not after OGTT test. CONCLUSION(S): Insulin resistance and GD do not appear to be related events in PCOS, suggesting that each one might be determined by different genetic disorders. However, IR can affect GD after chronic stimulation in obese patients.     

Relationship between serum müllerian-inhibiting substance and other reproductive hormones in untreated women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal women.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of serum müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS), E(2), free-T, LH, and FSH in untreated women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in women with normal menstrual cycles. DESIGN: A prospective study. Setting: University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery. PATIENT(S): Twenty-seven women with PCOS and 20 women with normal menstrual cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Serum was collected from women with PCOS and from normal women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, stored frozen until assayed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum levels of MIS, E(2), free-T, TSH, LH, and FSH were measured. RESULT(S): Serum müllerian-inhibiting substance levels in PCOS patients were significantly higher compared with normal women (+/- SE; 5.3 +/- 0.7 and 1.4 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, respectively). An inverse correlation (r = -0.5965) was found between serum levels of MIS and E(2) in PCOS women, but not in normal women. Women with PCOS had higher serum LH levels than those of normal women (15.2 +/- 1.2 and 5.0 +/- 0.7 mIU/mL). CONCLUSION: In this study, women with PCOS have significantly higher serum MIS levels than normal women. The inverse relationship between müllerian-inhibiting substance and E(2) levels suggests that MIS may modulate ovarian E(2) synthesis and have a role in the disordered folliculogenesis characteristic of PCOS.