兰州垃圾资源化开发利用模式研究

文章分析了兰州市垃圾资源的特点，提出垃圾资源综合开发利用模式，这对实现兰州市垃圾无害化和资源化的目标有着一定的意义。     

兰州市封闭垃圾道、实行垃圾袋装化收集的作用

通过问卷调查和走访相结合的方式，了解到兰州市垃圾收集的现状及存在的问题，对兰州市实行生活垃圾袋装化收集的作用进行了阐述．得出：实行袋装化收集对垃圾的清运，城市卫生建设，废物利用以及试行分类收集有着重要的作用，并对兰州市垃圾收集工作提出了相关建议．     

浅析电脑垃圾造成的环境污染问题

从废弃电脑垃圾对环境和人造成的危害入手，分析了电脑垃圾造成的各类污染，简要阐述了电脑垃圾的污染防治对策和电脑回收与再制造的必要性．     

城市生活垃圾理化特性研究

本文对北京昌平冬季城市生活垃圾的理化特性进行了研究。测定了垃圾的物相组成，分析了垃圾中Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｏ、Ｎ、Ｓ的含量，进行了原生垃圾浸出毒性试验，测定了垃圾的发热量及其它化学性能，为探索城市垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化的技术途径提供了技术支持。     

应用微生物处理城市生活垃圾初探

我国多数城市被生活垃圾困扰，垃圾“围城”现象日趋严重，如何处置城市生活垃圾已成为各级政府亟待解决的问题，只有采用综合处理的工艺技术，才能使垃圾减量化，资源化，无害化，实现经济效益、环境效益、社会效益相统一。     

基于循环经济视角的电子垃圾治理国外经验及启示研究

我国的循环经济实践用来解决电子垃圾问题还处于起步阶段．随着经济的发展，环境问题越来越严峻，尤其是电子垃圾问题，已经引起了社会的广泛关注．借鉴国外的经验，对于我国在电子垃圾治理过程中推行循环经济的理论和实践模式具有重要的现实意义．     

论城市生活垃圾处理方法

讨论几种城市生活垃圾的处理方法，认为我国城市生活垃圾的处理工艺应以卫生填埋和特殊垃圾焚烧相结合。     

对城市垃圾综合利用的探讨

介绍了城市生活垃圾的现状、特点以及对生态环境的影响，介绍了对城市垃圾综合利用的处理方法，针对回收利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的措施和对策。     

我国城市生活垃圾的处理与管理对策探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展，城市生活垃圾产生量日益增长，如何合理的处理及管理城市生活垃圾日益引起关注．本文通过对我国生活垃圾处理方式及发展趋势的分析，根据生活垃圾的特点及管理中存在的一些问题，提出了我国城市生活垃圾处理的发展趋势及相应的管理对策．     

武威市城市生活垃圾处理工艺及探讨

通过城市生活垃圾的现状，就武威市城市生活垃圾的处理工艺进行了分析及探讨．     

公众参与环境监测管理的难点与对策*

环境监测固有的技术性、保密性等特征,决定了公众参与面临巨大困难,需要采取综合措施,让公众享有参与环境监测的知情权、表达权、议事权、监督权和参与权。     

环保-气象深度联合开展环境空气质量预报的探索

简述了湖南省环保-气象合作联合开展环境空气质量预报的方向和具体内容,提出了两部门合作的原则和路径。认识方面——统一认识,合作共享;业务方面——发挥优势,做好接力;保障方面——夯实基础,同步推进;服务方面——引导公众,服务决策。两部门合作,有利于提高预报结果的准确率。     

建立实验室认可的文件化质量体系

阐述了实验室认可的文件化质量体系的建立过程。指出建立质量体系前应提高领导意识、培训人员、设立工作机构、配备资源、寻求外部技术支持；策划质量体系时应制定质量方针及其声明，确定机构职能，明确岗位职责，拟定认可能力。介绍了质量体系文件的结构和编写原则、质量手册，程序文件、作业指导书的编写方法以及记录的设计原则，提出了质量体系文件的完善途径。     

The challenges of conducting environmental research on privately owned land

Accessing research sites is an integral part of a research in the world today. Researching sites on privately owned lands creates unique challenges when compared to conducting research on government or publicly owned land. This study explores different methods for obtaining landowner information, permission to sample privately owned sites, and assesses the time it takes to obtain permission for randomly selected study sites. During the study, researchers contacted 390 landowners to obtain permission to sample wetlands on privately owned lands. A variety of methods were used to contact landowners and determine which methods were most effective for obtaining permission. Methods included face-to-face discussion, phone calls, and mailed response letters. It took approximately 9 months to obtain landowner information, contact landowners, and obtain permission to sample sites. The most effective method for obtaining permission to sample sites was through face-to-face discussions with landowners. Overall, it took a longer period of time to obtain permission for the survey than it did to sample sites. Information from this study can be used by anyone conducting research on private land to better estimate the time it will take to obtain permission to sample sites and to estimate the most effective way to obtain permission based on project finances and available personnel.     

围栏封育在伊犁昭苏盆地退化草地生态恢复中的应用

目前新疆伊犁地区草地退化、生态环境恶化,严重影响到伊犁州区域的经济发展和生态安全。本文以伊犁昭苏盆地昭苏马场春秋草场围栏封育区为研究区,定量分析围栏封育技术对退化草场恢复作用及其机制,以期发现恢复程度与封育时间的相关关系。结果得出围栏封育后优良牧草增产幅度大,两年围栏分别比一年围栏和不围栏增产262．95kg/hm^2和7723．5kg/hm^2。围栏封育两年后的草地适做放牧利用,而围栏封育一年适做打草场利用。     

环境监测实验室认可的思考

阐述了环境监测站开展实验室认可的意义及实验室认可的理念。指出开展实验室认可是适应加入WTO后与国际接轨的需要，是适应体制改革和市场经济发展的需要，是提高环境监测技术和质量水平的需要。提出实验室认可的理念是：服务客户，赢得市场；领导作用，制胜关键；全员参与，共同提高；按章行事，减忧增效；建立机制，培育人才；持续改进，不断完善。     

growing pains: a conceptual framework for considering integrated assessments

Policy concerns related to the environment have grown in the past decadesfrom relatively local and well-defined problems to increasingly complex andglobal issues. With this has grown the need to develop the capacity tointegrate, reconcile, organize, and communicate knowledge across scientificdisciplines, as well as to make this knowledge available and useful for policy-makers. One response to this has been the growing field ofIntegrated Assessment (IA). Our goal in this paper is to reflect on the purpose and valueof IA in principle. We propose a conceptual framework within whichindividual IA studies, and the practice of IA as a whole, can be placed andevaluated. The framework addresses both the integrative nature of IAs andtheir policy usefulness, including a self-awareness of their role and capabilities. We illustrate several stages in the evolution of integrated assessments: fromlinear to more complex chains of analysis, from non-adaptive to perfectly-adaptive to realistically-adaptive agents, from simplistic to sophisticated to pluralistic consideration of alternative underlying development paths, from strictly quantitative to quantitative and qualitative analyses, from science-driven to policy-driven, and from analyses that dictate to users to those that involvethose users in the actual assessment process. By so doing, we argue for botha richer form and process of IA. Ultimately, we feel that it may also benecessary to reconsider the framing of the questions that IAs have been askedto address, perhaps leading to the consideration of the use of other forms of mandated science.     

武陵源风景名胜区水环境调查

对武陵源风景区水体富营养化现状和演变趋势进行了调查。结果表明，总磷为武陵源风景区水体首要污染因子；金鞭溪、索溪水库、索溪组成的主干水体已处于富营养化状态，且呈上升趋势。提出，彻底进行生态大拆迁，减少核心景区旅游接待和商业行为；建立用水价格市场体系，降低污水排放量；合理规划旅游接待区，推行绿色宾馆酒店建设，加强水污染治理，减少污染物排放量；加强科学投入，确定水环境容量，合理控制旅游容量，是根治景区水体富营氧化污染的有效途径。     

开拓进取, 服务大局, 迎接挑战——南京市环境监测新世纪寻求新突破

阐述了环境监测工作中存在的问题及环境监测部门面临新形势应如何采取对策迎接挑战。指出环境监测工作中存在的主要问题是“说不清”、“跟不上”和“不规范”，提出环境监测部门应树立全局意识，围绕大局，紧贴中心，在综合决策服务上寻求新的突破；树立质量意识，在为管理提供技术支持上寻求新的突破；树立竞争意识，培育中介机构，在市场竞争中寻求新的突破；树立忧患意识，在转变作风、提高效能上寻求新的突破。     

Sensitivity analysis of TOPSIS method in water quality assessment: I. Sensitivity to the parameter weights

Sensitivity analysis is becoming increasingly widespread in many fields of engineering and sciences and has become a necessary step to verify the feasibility and reliability of a model or a method. The sensitivity of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in water quality assessment mainly includes sensitivity to the parameter weights and sensitivity to the index input data. In the present study, the sensitivity of TOPSIS to the parameter weights was discussed in detail. The present study assumed the original parameter weights to be equal to each other, and then each weight was changed separately to see how the assessment results would be affected. Fourteen schemes were designed to investigate the sensitivity to the variation of each weight. The variation ranges that keep the assessment results unchangeable were also derived theoretically. The results show that the final assessment results will change when the weights increase or decrease by ±20 to ±50 %. The feedback of different samples to the variation of a given weight is different, and the feedback of a given sample to the variation of different weights is also different. The final assessment results can keep relatively stable when a given weight is disturbed as long as the initial variation ratios meet one of the eight derived requirements.