生物表面活性剂及其应用

简要介绍了生物表面活性剂相对于化学合成表面活性剂的特性、分类和制备方法;重点综述了生物表面活性剂在石油、医药、化妆品、农业、食品和环境工程等领域的应用,展现了生物表面活性剂有望取代化学合成表面活性剂,成为绿色表面活性剂发展的重要方向,提出了生物表面活性剂目前存在的主要问题和发展前景.     

生物表面活性剂应用概述及其发展前景

随着人们崇尚自然和环保意识的增强,生物表面活性剂将成为化学合成表面活性剂的理想替代品,并有更加广阔的应用前景及发展潜力.本文介绍了生物表面活性剂的特性及其生产制备方法,并综述了近几年生物表面活性剂在石油、洗涤、医药、食品等工业领域的应用与研究进展,主要介绍了利用生物表面活性剂在提高石油采收率等方面的应用,探讨了今后生物表面活性剂的主要发展方向.     

生物表面活性剂及其在化妆品中的应用

综述了生物表面活性剂的特性、分类及生产方法,重点介绍了几种生物表面活性剂在化妆品行业中的应用。指出,降低成本是未来生物表面活性剂研究发展的方向。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(Ⅶ)——生物表面活性剂的性能及应用研究进展

简要介绍了生物表面活性剂的分类及其合成方法;较详细地介绍了生物表面活性剂与化学合成表面活性剂相似和优于化学合成表面活性剂的特性以及生物表面活性剂的生理学功能;重点阐述了生物表面活性剂在石油工业、环境工程、食品工业、化妆品工业及医学领域等方面的应用现状;最后展望了生物表面活性剂的应用前景。     

抑菌型表面活性剂抑菌机理及应用

概述了阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂的抑菌机理及应用,其中重点介绍了抑菌型生物表面活性剂的应用,并对表面活性剂在抑菌领域的发展趋势提出了展望。     

生物表面活性剂在油田中的应用

生物表面活性剂和化学表面活性剂一样 ,有亲水基团和疏水基团 ,它是由微生物生长在水不溶的物质中并以它为食物源产生的。在油田中 ,生物表面活性剂是微生物提高采收率的重要机理 ,具有水溶性好、反应产物均一、无毒、安全、驱油效果好等特点。生物表面活性剂有 4种类型 :糖脂类、磷脂类、脂蛋白或缩氨酸脂和聚合物类。大多数生物表面活性剂是糖脂 ,是碳水化合物连接在长链脂肪酸上。目前 ,室内研究主要是研究各种反应条件对微生物产生生物表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂对原油的影响。矿场实验有地面发酵和地下发酵两种形式。从生物表面活性剂的特点、筛选产生生物表面活性剂的菌种、生物表面活性剂的类型、室内研究、矿场实验和今后的发展方向等 6个方面综述了油田中的生物表面活性剂的应用     

生物表面活性剂开发应用前景

生物表面活性剂的发展起始于７０年代后期,过去主要用于采油及石化相关行业,后来发展到医药、化妆品和食品等有特殊要求的行业中。生物表面活性剂具有一定的生理活性,并有作为药物的潜能。有关科研单位发现生物表面活性剂具有抗菌性和对ＡＩＤＳ病毒的抑制效应,以及一定的抗癌活性。将传统的化妆品乳液制成液晶、脂质体或多重乳液,也需要特别结构和纯度的表面活性剂。现在还发现生物表面活性剂在环境工程中亦有重要应用价值,如帮助水／污泥中有毒物质的生物降解。此外,生物表面活性剂还应用在煤炭、纺织、造纸、铀加工和陶瓷加工等行…     

洗涤剂中糖脂类生物表面活性剂的专利技术进展

本文对洗涤剂中糖脂类生物表面活性剂相关的专利申请数量、国内外专利申请情况、专利申请人类型、糖脂类生物表面活性剂在洗涤剂中的主要用途和不同种类糖脂生物表面活性剂的应用概况等进行了分析。本文通过对洗涤剂中糖脂类生物表面活性剂的专利技术进展分析,希望能为洗涤剂产品开发和洗涤剂产业绿色发展提供一定的参考。     

生物表面活性剂的应用

介绍了生物表面活性剂在石油、环境、食品、生物、医药等行业的应用。展望了未来生物表面活性剂的发展。     

绿色表面活性剂的研究进展

从表面活性剂的分类、性能以及对人体和环境产生的影响等方面介绍了目前国内外绿色表面活性剂的研究热点。根据绿色表面活性剂在反应中降解方式的不同,概述了生物表面活性剂、可降解表面活性剂及反应型表面活性剂的定义、性能以及相关应用。同时,对表面活性剂的发展方向及绿色表面活性剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

Characterizations of surfactant synthesized from Jatropha oil and its application in enhanced oil recovery

Surfactants are frequently used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as it reduces the interfacial tension (IFT) to an ultra‐low value and also alter the wettability of oil‐wet rock, which are important mechanisms for EOR. However, most of the commercial surfactants used in chemical EOR are very expensive. In view of that an attempt has been made to synthesis an anionic surfactant from non‐edible Jatropha oil for its application in EOR. Synthesized surfactant was characterized by FTIR, NMR, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimeter analyser, FESEM, and EDX analysis. Thermal degradability study of the surfactant shows no significant loss till the conventional reservoir temperature. The ability of the surfactant for its use in chemical EOR has been tested by measuring its physicochemical properties, viz., reduction of surface tension, IFT and wettability alteration. The surfactant solution shows a surface tension value of 31.6 mN/m at its critical micelle concentration (CMC). An ultra‐low IFT of 0.0917 mN/m is obtained at CMC of surfactant solution, which is further reduced to 0.00108 mN/m at optimum salinity. The synthesized surfactant alters the oil‐wet quartz surface to water‐wet which favors enhanced recovery of oil. Flooding experiments were conducted with surfactant slugs with different concentrations. Encouraging results with additional recovery more than 25% of original oil in place above the conventional water flooding have been observed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2731–2741, 2017     

Adsorption of surfactant during chemical enhanced oil recovery

Surfactant is extensively used as chemicals during chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) process. Effectiveness of surfactant CEOR process depends on several parameters like formation of micro emulsion, ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) and adsorption of surfactant. First two parameters enhance the effectiveness while the last parameter reduces the effectiveness. Micro emulsions are highly desirable for CEOR due to its low interfacial tension (IFT) value and higher viscosity. In this research the size of the emulsions were studied with particle size analyzer to study the liquid–liquid absorption process and the entrapment of oil drops inside surfactant drop. Initially, the average surfactant drop size was found to be 100 nm, after mixing the surfactant slug with reservoir crude, the size was increase up to 10 times. It signifies the formation of micro emulsion between surfactant and oil. Another attempt was done in this research to study the adsorption mechanism of surfactant on reservoir rock. The process of adsorption was studied by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to understand the adsorption phenomena. In this study, it was found that the adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm and the adsorption phenomena was chemical for surfactant flooding process. In chemical adsorption phenomena, the rate of adsorption is high because, surfactant molecules are adsorbed layer after layer by the rock surface. Use of alkali along with surfactant reduces adsorption of surfactant since, alkali blocked the active clay sites before interacting with surfactant and hence the adsorption isotherm was found to be Langmuir and phenomena was physical adsorption.     

Characterisation of an anticorrosive phosphated surfactant and its use in water-borne coatings

The physicochemical features of a surfactant are quite important in the formulation of polymer water-borne coatings mainly due to the strong influence of the micelles on the nucleation and stability of dispersed polymer particles. In consequence, micellar transitions must be determined in order to obtain aqueous dispersions of spherical shaped particles with high monodispersion in size, which allows to obtain coatings with an improved performance. Besides, depending on its chemical structure, the surfactant could also have anticorrosive properties. In this work, a phosphate-based surfactant was characterised and its electrochemical properties were evaluated in order to use it as a stabiliser agent of a series of monodisperse styrene-acrylic lattices, synthesised by semi-continuous emulsion polymerisation. EIS was used to evaluate the anticorrosive properties of coatings obtained from polymeric dispersions.     

HX型建筑外墙瓷砖清洗剂的研究与应用

针对建筑外墙瓷砖污垢产生的原因及物理化学性质，介绍了一种化学清洗该污垢的方法。由非离子与两性表面活性剂复配作渗透剂，再辅以特殊无机助洗剂而配制的粉状清洗剂，清洗效果良好，成本低，克服了强酸性类清洗剂在施工时对环境造成的污染及对人体产生的严重危害。     

磁性流体的制备及在扬声器中的应用

用化学共沉淀法制备粒径10nm的Fe3O4作磁粉,在表面活性剂的作用和适当温度条件下通过高速搅拌制备出聚烃基磁性流体。通过加入抗氧剂等微量添加剂提高其化学稳定性和磁稳定性。调节好粘度和磁饱和强度,得到扬声器用磁性流体。通过实际应用,检测磁性流体在扬声器中的应用效果。     

Use of Furandicarboxylic Acid and Its Decyl Ester as Additives in the Fischer’s Glycosylation of Decanol by d-Glucose: Physicochemical Properties of the Surfactant Compositions Obtained

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid is a promising bio-based platform chemical that may serve as a ‘green’ substitute for terephthalate in polyesters. In the present work, straightforward glycosylation of decanol with unprotected and non-activated d-glucose was performed under reduced quantities of sulfuric acid as catalyst (down to 0.9 mol%) in the presence of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid or its n-decyl ester as additive. Yield of decyl monoglucosides was highly improved by the use of the additives. Moreover, the presence of additive also limited the colouration of the reaction. The physical and chemical properties of the surfactant composition produced were studied and compared to reference compositions. The ultimate biodegradability of furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its n-decyl ester formed or produced in the bulk reaction medium was also studied in order to assess its potential use in surfactant industry.     

沉淀法制备纳米级粒子的研究——化学原理及影响因素

本文详细介绍了沉淀法制备纳米级粒子的化学原理，重点讨论了反应物浓度，反应温度，表面活性剂，ｐＨ值及反应时间等诸因素对粒子大小，形状的影响。     

Synthesis and Properties of N-Dodecyl Aspartic Acid and Its Sodium Salt

A novel zwitterionic surfactant N‐dodecyl aspartic acid was synthesized with dodecylamine, maleic acid anhydride and sodium hydroxide in ethanol–water as the solvent. The chemical structure of N‐dodecyl aspartic acid was characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and MS. The surface properties of the surfactant were studied by measuring the equilibrium surface tensions of the dilute aqueous solutions. The synthesized surfactant can reduce the surface tension of water to 29–32 mN m^?1 at temperatures of 298–313 K, the surface activity reaches its highest under mild pH conditions. The water hardness has almost no effect on foam power and foam stability of the surfactant at lower and middle water hardnesses.     

我国腐植酸类表面活性剂应用概述

腐植酸因含有亲水基团和疏水基团,表现出表面活性剂的特性,从而在广义上可看作是表面活性剂。与化学合成的表面活性剂相比,腐植酸具有绿色环保,无毒或低毒,与环境相容性和结构多样性,对生物的刺激性较低、可消化等特点。对此,腐植酸类表面活性剂在未来的工农业生产和实践中,将得到越来越广泛的应用,并将成为一支新型的友好产业。     

硅氧烷表面活性剂(Ⅵ)(续5) 硅氧烷表面活性剂在尿烷泡沫塑料制备中的作用

介绍尿烷泡沫塑料生成的化学反应和过程，并且阐明在“一步法”制备尿烷泡沫塑料的工艺中，硅氧烷表面活性剂起关键作用。详细讨论了该表面活性剂在反应体系中的分散、气泡的形成、长大、稳定以及气室的开放等方面的作用机理。