教师参与:学校成功发展的关键

教师参与管理与决策已经越来越被国内外专家所认可,教师成为合法的、相互信任的民主参与者是学校成功发展的关键,教师参与学校管理和决策的理念已逐渐被人们所接受。但现实中由于学校和教师各方面的原因,教师始终未能充分地参与学校的决策,不愿表达自己的观点。要提高教师参与的意识,推行教师民主参与的新理念,充分发挥教师参与的积极性,可以从建立关系、权力共享、学校支持和发挥潜能四个方面着手进行。     

教师参与决策的管理理念与操作办法

教师参与决策(involvement of decision-making) 是学校实施民主管理的一种具体的管理制度和运作模式。教师参与决策的主要目的在于,使教师有机会参与学校管理决策,增进教师对学校管理决策过程的了解,以激发教师的责任心,建立教师与学校共同发展的愿景,最终为学校组织目标的达成而贡献力量。自20世纪40年代以来,教师参与决策成为西方发达国家教育管理研究和学校管理实践的关注焦点,许多研究表明,学校鼓励和实施教师参与决策, 对改善学校管理、加强学校民主和科学管理、促进管理创新和学校发展都具有积极的作用。     

透析教师参与学校决策

教师参与学校的民主管理是法律赋予教师的权力,充分体现了学校管理民主化。教师参与民主管理的主要形式是通过教职工代表大会,主要内容是参与学校的决策讨论与制定,通过对学校工作提出意见和建议来关注学校的管理和发展。教师参与学校民主管理,在一定程度上保证了决策的周密性和可行性,加强了领导和教师之间的信任沟通,调动了教师工作积极性。那么在实际操作中教师参与     

教师参与学校决策之我见

学校发展的依托是良好的发展决策,良好的决策往往是集体智慧的结晶。《中华人民共和国教师法》第七条规定：“教师对教育教学、管理工作和教育行政部门的工作提出意见和建议,通过教职工代表或者其他形式,参与学校的民主管理。”可见,教师参与学校决策不只是学校发展的需要,更是法律赋予的权利和义务。目前,教师参与学校民主管理的主要形式是参与学校的决策制定,     

现代学校制度下教师制度化参与的内涵及意义

教师制度化参与是指教师在既有法律法规和制度框架内,以合法和理性的方式,通过制度化的渠道有序参与学校管理,影响学校决策和权力运行的行为。现代学校制度建设要求学校实行民主管理,教师通过制度化的途径和方式参与学校管理,可以规范和约束教师参与学校管理的行为,保障教师参与学校管理的权利,培养教师民主参与的意识和习惯,激发教师更加积极、主动地参与到学校的民主管理之中,从而更好地促进学校民主管理目标的实现。     

对教师参与学校决策的深层次思考

《中华人民共和国教师法》第七条规定 :“教师对教育教学、管理工作和教育行政部门的工作提出意见和建议 ,通过教职工代表大会或者其他形式 ,参与学校的民主管理。”教师参与民主管理的主要形式是参与学校的决策制定 ,通过提出自己的意见和建议来关注学校的管理和发展 ,体现教师的主人翁地位 ,为此 ,许多学校建立了教师参与决策的机构和制度。但是 ,效果并不理想 ,常常流于形式 ,走过场 ,仅仅停留在让教师有参与学校决策的机会 ,而没有考虑怎样高质量的参与。如何提高教师参与学校决策的有效性 ,使之落到实处 ,收到实效呢 ?笔者对此作了一些…     

增强教师主人翁意识 引导教师参与学校管理

《中华人民共和国教师法》第七条规定：教师“对教育教学、管理工作和教育行政部门的工作提出意见和建议，通过教职工代表大会或者其他形式，参与学校的民主管理。”作为一位好的学校领导者，应帮助教师用正确的立场、观点来观察、思考和处理各种问题，增强教师的主人翁意识，积极引导教师参与学校的管理。那种认为学校的管理、决策与教师不相关的看法，不利于学校的正确决策，不利于形成和谐的校园人际关系，不利于一所学校的发展。 　　一 教师参与管理的重要意义 　　一所学校管理的好坏取决于学校领导决策水平的高低。决策的水平的高低…     

中小学教师参与学校决策现状的调查研究

一、问题的提出教师参与学校决策是衡量学校管理民主程度的标准,也是教育管理人本取向的主要体现。它不仅是学校管理领域的关注点,更是整个教育领域要共同面对的话题。教师参与学校决策可以增进教师了解学校管理决策过程,建立教     

观点

正自由地成长:重视学生参与决策和管理这篇文章研究探讨了学生话语的重要性,认为在教育过程中应该将学生视为一个有才能和有胜任力的社会参与者。该研究强调,学生作为学校的一员,教师应该征求和尊重其参与班级或学校集体决策和管理时的观点和看法,以此来了解学生是如何看待自己在做一些有关自己学习和学校其他事情决     

中小学教师参与学校决策现状的调查研究

一、问题的提出 教师参与学校决策是衡量学校管理民主程度的标准,也是教育管理人本取向的主要体现。它不仅是学校管理领域的关注点,更是整个教育领域要共同面对的话题。教师参与学校决策可以增进教师了解学校管理决策过程,建立教师的认同感与责任心,构建与学校共同发展的愿景,最终为学校组织目标的达成而贡献力量。但在教师专业实践中,特别在学校管理事务中,学校管理者对普通教师参与决策还存在诸多认识上的误解与操作违规,     

Promoting children’s participation: the role of teachers in preschool and primary school learning sessions

The aim of this study is to provide insights into the social construction of participation in joint activities in Finnish preschool and primary school classrooms. The article deals with two issues: How do teachers promote participation in a preschool classroom as compared with a primary school classroom? What similarities and differences are found? It also considers the question of how the similarities contribute to the continuity from preschool to primary school in terms of participation. Based on observation data insights are provided into the interactions between teachers and children by using extracts from teacher‐led learning sessions. The teachers used a diversity of strategies to promote participation in both contexts. In the preschool the focus was on participation and interaction as such, whereas in the primary school the emphasis was more clearly on academic learning. The findings suggest that teacher support of active participation and friendly relationships, together with creative and playful activities in the preschool, enrich children’s curiosity, and nourish children’s motivation for and interests in academic learning.     

The Roles of the Primary Head in Voluntary Aided and County Schools: A Personal View

In Zimbabwe, there have been some debates on democratisation and decentralisation, which led to the development of policies meant to increase teacher participation in decision-making in schools. However, despite these developments, teacher participation in decision-making in Zimbabwean schools is regarded as insignificant. Teachers work closely with students and have firsthand knowledge of their strengths and weaknesses – they are therefore the most valuable people to develop and implement policies. This study investigated the extent of teacher participation in decision-making in Zimbabwean schools. The study adopted a qualitative/interpretive research methodology and used the case study research design as the operational framework for data gathering. Data was collected through interviews, documentary analysis and observation of two staff meetings per school from five secondary schools in Gweru Education District in Zimbabwe. The population sample comprised five secondary school heads and 20 secondary school teachers. The study established that teachers were insignificantly involved in decision-making despite their eagerness to be involved. Some duties are given to senior teachers or committees even when teachers feel that they should be directly involved. There are times when school heads make unilateral decisions and impose them on teachers for implementation. The study recommends that heads of schools should give their teachers room to come up with ideas and look at all contributions objectively.     

选拔方式、学校保留策略对城乡教师留任意愿的影响--基于我国中西部5省16787位中小学教师的问卷调查

稳定的教师队伍是学校教育高质量发展的基石。研究采用中西部5省16787位在职教师的调查数据,通过二元logistic回归分析教师选拔方式、学校保留策略对中小学教师留任意愿的影响。研究发现:城乡教师的留任意愿存在显著差异;通过不同选拔方式进入教师队伍的教师留任意愿存在显著差异,且存在城乡异质性;学校保留策略对教师留任意愿均存在显著影响,且城乡样本无显著差异;学校综合办学水平越高,教师留任意愿越强;学历越高,职称越高,年龄越小的教师留任意愿越低。研究建议:城乡地区采取差异化的教师补充方式,县城及以上地区在公开招考教师之余,通过“定向培养”和“代课教师转正”方式扩大高质量教师供给,缓解县城学校大班额现象;乡镇和村屯要以公开招考为主,将招聘符合教师质量要求的代课教师作为重要的补充方式;学校要运用多样的保留策略,增加教师职业发展机会、决策参与程度和行政支持力度,减轻教师工作压力或稳步提高教师薪酬;学校管理者需重点关注新任职、高学历和高职称教师的发展,提高教师留任意愿。     

The social impact of schooling on students with dyslexia: A systematic review of the qualitative research on the primary and secondary education of dyslexic students

This systematic review of the qualitative research on the formal school education of children with dyslexia addresses three main questions: 1) What is known about the educational experiences of children with dyslexia? 2) What is known about the role that parents/guardians play in their child's schooling? 3) What is known about the role of teachers and administrators in supporting children with Dyslexia? Student and parent-focused studies indicate little awareness of and support for dyslexia in schools, and a strong reliance on parental support. Limited understanding of dyslexia, lack of training, and communication issues were identified as key themes in the small number of teacher-focused studies. The analysis points to a majority of studies not having a firm theoretical grounding and the neglect of teachers and school administrator's perspectives as central issues in the reviewed research. Based on these findings, it is argued that to further understandings of the systematic effects of schools' responses to dyslexic students, research should draw more heavily on socio-cultural models of disability.     

Educational decentralisation in Zimbabwe and Malawi: A study of decisional location and process

Debates about decentralisation, involving questions such as who should make decisions about public schooling and who should pay for it [Caillods, F., 1999. Preface. In: McGinn, N., Welsh, T. (Eds.), Decentralization of Education: Why, When, What and How? UNESCO, Paris] have permeated and affected educational planning in the last 20 or so years. This paper reports on and draws lessons from two pieces of work: an empirical study on the locus of decentralised decision-making power among Zimbabwean school heads, teachers and parent school governors in the areas of school finances, human resources and curriculum; and on a review of one article on the process of educational decentralisation in Malawi. Cross-national studies are necessary in this age of the internationalisation of education. The paper reveals that the process of educational decentralisation, and stakeholders’ perceptions of the locus of decentralised decision-making power are contested issues. There is no automatic link between decentralisation and the improvement of quality. The level of clarity of the guiding policy (ies), the capacity of the stakeholders, and the availability of resources are important deciders of the success or failure of educational decentralisation.     

Teacher Learning in Mathematics: Using Student Work to Promote Collective Inquiry

The study describes teachers' collective work in which they developed deeper understanding of their own students' mathematical thinking. Teachers at one school met in monthly workgroups throughout the year. Prior to each workgroup, they posed a similar mathematical problem to their students. The workgroup discussions centered on the student work those problems generated. This study draws on a transformation of participation perspective to address the questions: What do teachers learn through collective examination of student work? How is teacher learning evident in shifts in participation in discussions centered on student work? The analyses account for the learning of the group by documenting key shifts in teachers' participation across the year. The first shift in participation occurred when teachers as a group learned to attend to the details of children's thinking. A second shift in participation occurred as teachers began to develop possible instructional trajectories in mathematics. We focus our discussion on the significance of the use of student work and a transformation of participation view in analyzing the learning trajectory of teachers as a group.     

浅析教师参与学校决策

个人决策的局限性与教育的复杂性决定了教师在学校决策中不可忽略的地位。授权教师参与学校决策能提高教师的工作积极性,促进教师专业发展。教师参与的满意度可从三方面衡量:参与欲望、实际参与度、参与中的影响力。决策与教师利益和兴趣的相关性、教师的专业特长及教师的权限决定了前三者的大小。教师满意参与学校决策是促进学校发展的有效手段。     

中学数学课程改革的探索

中学数学课程改革究竟改了什么?改革后的数学课堂教学应如何避免常见的教学误区?本文就以上两个问题进行了较为深入的探索,对数学教师的新课程教学具有很好的参考价值。     

教师应当掌握怎样的技术？

本文从四个方面分析探讨“教师应当掌握怎样的技术”这一问题:运用技术的实质是什么?教师应掌握哪些技术?教师应掌握多深的技术?如何培养教师的技术能力?并阐释其对我国教师教育和信息技术教育所具有的借鉴意义。     

Teacher Agency in Social-Justice Aspirations and Inquiry-Based Science Instruction

Inquiry-based science instruction (IBSI) has the potential to contribute to social justice through widening participation and success in science. However, teachers struggle to implement IBSI because of contextual factors. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of agency as a framework for understanding teachers’ decision-making, by asking the question: what was the agency of six science teachers in their social-justice aspirations and use of IBSI? An agency framework recognizes that teachers’ decisions are informed by their internal conversations at the intersection of personal aspects (their history, repertoire, and aspirations) with the cultural and structural constraints and resources of their contexts. However, research on IBSI has focussed on teachers’ personal aspects or their perceptions of contextual factors. The sample had learnt IBSI through service learning in the context of a science fair. From teacher interviews, it emerged that these teachers had strong social-justice aspirations to serve disadvantaged students. The teachers linked their social-justice aspirations to their choice of school rather than their use of IBSI. The teachers at better-resourced schools initiated participation in science fairs at their schools, whilst the rest judged that science fairs were not appropriate for their students. The results suggest that, rather than prescribing particular pedagogies, teacher education programmes should aim to increase teachers’ pedagogical repertoires, in order to enrich their agency in whatever contexts they teach.