EPIC2.0版全球地震震中数据库只读光盘检索软件用户指南

全球震中只读光盘数据库，向科研各单位，私人组织和政府部门提供地震资料。ＥＰＩＣ程序把历史地震数据存入一个系统，可以通过微型计算机进行地震震中数据存取，使用屏幕菜单，ＥＰＩＣ指导用户选择和检索。     

快速准确地自动检索地名的一种方法

快速准确地自动检索地名的一种方法何少林１）李海亮２）肖军１）１）中国兰州７３００００中国地震局兰州地震研究所２）中国北京１０００８１中国地震局地球物理研究所中国地震台及地震台网每年记录到可定位的地震几千条,对每条地震都需要给出震中地名。以往查找地名大...     

MapInfo在合肥遥测台网地震速报中的初步应用

MapInfo是目前流行的地理信息系统（GIS）应用软件之一，由于其强大的地图功能，在地震监测预报中得到了越来越广泛的应用。安徽省地震局合肥遥测台网不久前完成了台网自己的速报软件的开发研制工作，其中运用了MapInfo部分图形操作功能。本文介绍MapInfo技术在合肥遥测台网地震速报中的一些具体应用。     

确定震中参考地名的原则与方法

确定震中参考地名是多年来很少涉及的一项基础性工作,对于地震目录标准化规范化非常重要。本文综述了震中参考地名研究的发展概况,归纳了存在的问题,提出了确定震中参考地名的原则和方法。     

中国大陆地震宏观震中与速报定位偏离的分区研究

通过计算中国大陆1989——2004年139次地震宏观震中与速报震中的偏离, 得到了初步的结果; 同时把中国大陆按照东经105deg;分为东部和西部,进一步研究分区特征, 所得结果与整个大陆基本一致,都服从二维正态分布;最后给出了经验的中国大陆宏观地震震中——速报震中偏离的二维正态概率分布密度函数. 这个结果对于减少地震灾害快速评估中的不确定性具有一定的意义.      

基于ArcGIS的国家台网地震速报地名查询辅助系统设计与实现

基于国家台网地震速报的实际工作需求,针对国家台网在全球地震速报中缺乏专门的地名查询系统,通过对国家台网实时、人机交互处理子系统和全国速报信息交换平台(EQIM系统)的相关协议和数据接口进行研究,并结合地震速报相关规定中对地名的要求,基于地理信息系统Arc GIS提供的Arc GIS Engine(AE)组件技术,采用Visual.Net开发平台和COM组件技术,来实现获取地震地名信息的功能,开发设计一套用于国家台网地震速报的地名查询辅助系统,希望可以有效提高国家台网地震速报的效率和准确度。     

江苏数字地震台网地震速报软件

介绍江苏数字地震台网地震速报软件功能及在江苏数字地震台网地震速报工作中的应用,该软件实现了实时数据的收集,对地震三要素快速准确地处理,提高了工作效率,在地震监测工作中发挥了重要作用。     

基于EDSP-IAS的地震速报辅助软件实现与应用

介绍了为提高地震速报速度和效率而编制的地震速报辅助软件的特点、功能以及使用方法等,经测试该软件效果良好,可大大提高工作效率。     

单台全球地震快速分析软件介绍及应用

阐述了自主研发的单台全球地震快速分析软件的功能、特点及应用效果。通过分析原有地震分析软件存在的不足并加以改进,使该软件具有台站地震快速分析所需的多种功能。应用实践表明,该软件具有功能完备、自动化程度高、界面友好等优点,在保障测震分析质量、减轻测震分析人员的工作量以及提高大震速报能力等方面成效显著。     

基于Web GIS的地震震中分布图实现方式探讨

利用MapABC地图、Google地图和百度地图的web GIS功能,较好地实现了地震震中分布图的Web展示,并将该功能与门户网站集成起来,可丰富地震速报信息的内容.     

Analysis of landslide damage caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using strong motion data: A case study in the Beichuan county town

The county town of Beichuan county, China, experienced catastrophic destruction due to landslides induce by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In consideration of the special location of the county town, this paper selected the landslides induced in the town as representative of large-scale near-rupture landslides, and quantitatively analyzed why the landslide damage was so destructive in the town by using strong motion data obtained from the Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmenshan area. Three methods were employed to estimate the landslide damage using strong motion data. (1) Peak ground accelerations (PGAs) on the hanging wall were used to evaluate the PGAs on the landslide sites in the town. The evaluated average PGAs were all greater than 1 g, indicating that the ground motion intensity was very strong during the earthquake. (2) Acceleration time histories, from another station with similar geological conditions to the town, were used to evaluate the critical acceleration changing range, and the estimated values showed the geological conditions were very susceptible to earthquakes. (3) Acceleration time histories, from two stations on the hanging and foot walls of the rupture, and near the town, were used to calculate the Newmark displacements, and all the evaluated displacements indicated that landslides were very likely. The results show that the slopes, susceptible to earthquakes in the Beichuan county town, were easily triggered under such strong ground-motion intensity and developed into large-scale catastrophic events.     

新疆境外震中参考地名查询实现

震中参考地名的确定是地震速报工作不可缺少的环节,在Google地图中以KML格式提取和存储新疆周边国家和地区边界坐标数据,利用Delphi语言和天地图API相关技术,开发新疆境外震中参考地名的查询软件,从而可以快速确定新疆周边国家和地区的参考地名,使得境外地震速报的地名准确性和速度得到明显提高。     

安徽省震中快速定位查询系统

基于VB6.0软件开发平台,以MapInfo GIS软件为数据支撑平台,建立了安徽省震中快速定位查询系统。系统主要实现了震中快速定位查询显示功能、基于GIS数据的空间分析和定量计算分析功能。为地震应急响应提供辅助决策,为震后资源调度、伤员输送、人员疏散等提供科学信息,提高了应急救援的效率。     

An experimental facility for the investigation of magma fragmentation by rapid decompression

 A special experimental facility has been developed to investigate the fragmentation of vesicular magma undergoing rapid decompression. The facility operates in a regime similar to that of shock tubes and at temperatures up to 950  °C and pressures up to 200 bar. Cylindrical samples (diameter ca. 17 mm, length ca. 50 mm) undergo rapid decompression in a high-temperature, high-pressure section of the facility following the disruption of a diaphragm separating that section from a low-pressure, low-temperature section. Actual vesicular magma samples have been experimentally fragmented at elevated temperatures and pressures corresponding to those observed during explosive volcanic eruptions and the resulting pyroclastics have been photographically resolved in flight and collected for physical characterization. The results of these experiments show that the rapid decompression of highly viscous vesicular magma can generate pyroclastic ejecta via rapid and complete fragmentation of magma at high temperature. This new fragmentation facility is presented as a tool for experimental volcanology under well-constrained conditions. Received: 19 March 1996 / Accepted: 25 August 1996     

A rapid method for simulating three-dimensional fluvial terrain

A rapid, computer-based method of simulating ‘geomorphologically-sensible’ three-dimensional terrain data by modelling landform morphology is presented. For some engineering applications such an approach, even in a simple form, is preferable to the synthesis of terrain data by purely stochastic methods, and additionally can be useful where real data sets are difficult to obtain. The approach adopted utilizes a computer program which models landscape evolution by establishing a stream network on a tilted surface, with accompanying fluvial downcutting and slope adjustment. This is achieved by an iterative mechanism that combines deterministic and stochastic processes with geomorphological theory. The end-product is a matrix of high-resolution altitude data that has been used as the terrain model for a vehicle simulation exercise.     

Method for rapid localization of seafloor petroleum contamination using concurrent mass spectrometry and acoustic positioning

Locating areas of seafloor contamination caused by heavy oil spills is challenging, in large part because of observational limitations in aquatic subsurface environments. Accepted methods for surveying and locating sunken oil are generally slow, labor intensive and spatially imprecise. This paper describes a method to locate seafloor contamination caused by heavy oil fractions using in situ mass spectrometry and concurrent acoustic navigation. We present results of laboratory sensitivity tests and proof-of-concept evaluations conducted at the US Coast Guard OHMSETT national oil spill response test facility. Preliminary results from a robotic seafloor contamination survey conducted in deep water using the mass spectrometer and a geo-referenced acoustic navigation system are also described. Results indicate that this technological approach can accurately localize seafloor oil contamination in real-time at spatial resolutions better than a decimeter.     

基于假设检验的地震动强度(烈度)速报方法

地震发生后数分钟内,快速、可靠地判别出地震动强度(烈度)的空间分布,用以估计不同地区的受灾程度,可以为政府开展应急救援并合理分配救援力量提供决策依据,保证救援人员及时、准确地到达极震区并展开搜救,以减少生命财产损失。本文基于统计学中的假设检验方法,对历史震害资料进行统计,提出了一种利用强地震动参数判别地震动强度(烈度)的方法。比较结果表明,本方法所确定的地震动强度(烈度)与实际震害烈度对应较好,能较真实地反映实际震害情况。     

A simple method for the rapid determination of exponential soil-water diffusivity in the laboratory

We present a simple method in two dimensions for the determination of exponential soil-water diffusivity. This determination is made by measuring the wetting front position when water is injected in the soil at different fluxes. The results are exact and represent an improvement over previous techniques both in terms of ease and accuracy.¹     

基于半解析法有效和快速估计GRACE全球重力场的精度

首先基于半解析法建立了新的GRACE卫星K波段测量系统星间测速、GPS接收机轨道位置和加速度计非保守力误差联合影响累计大地水准面的误差模型;其次,基于各关键载荷精度指标的匹配关系,论证了误差模型的可靠性;最后,基于美国喷气动力实验室（JPL）公布的2006年的GRACE Level 1B实测误差数据,有效和快速地估计了120阶全球重力场的精度,在120阶处累计大地水准面的精度为18.368 cm,其结果和德国地学研究中心（GFZ）公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S全球重力场模型符合较好. 本文的研究为将来国际卫星重力测量计划（如GRACE Follow-On, 360阶）中高阶全球重力场模型精度的有效和快速估计提供了理论基础和计算保证.     

A device for rapid sectioning of soft bottom sediment cores

A new mechanical sectioning device for transverse cutting of cylindrical soft bottom sediment cores is presented. The instrument is rapid and efficient in use, works serially when sectioning a core and permits rinsing of the sample compartment without removal from the coring tube. The device is made of plastic, is lightweight, convenient to operate even in the field and simple and cheap to manufacture.