煤矿冲击矿压的分级预测研究

针对煤矿冲击矿压灾害,研究了冲击危险性的监测原理和冲击矿压危险的分级预测准则.通过连续监测预警技术和系统集成,应用综合指数法、微震法、电磁辐射法和钻屑法,形成冲击矿压的时空分级预测技术体系,即在时间上对冲击危险进行早期综合分析预测与即时预测相结合,在空间上进行区域预测与局部监测、点预测相结合,对冲击矿压的危险性根据危险指数的大小,按无、弱、中等和强冲击危险4级进行预测.根据预测的冲击矿压危险等级,采取加强监测、解危、甚至撤人等防治对策.工程实践表明,采用该技术,可大大提高冲击危险预测的准确性,取得良好的应用效果.     

Electromagnetic radiation early warning criterion of rock burst based on statistical theory

Rock bursts are serious natural disasters encountered worldwide in coal mining and rock engineering.In order to forecast rock bursts more effectively,a new rock burst forecasting index E,consisting of intensity and the number of pulses,is proposed,on the basis of abnormal characteristic symptoms of electromagnetic radiation(EMR)generated before rock bursts,combined with statistical theory.The index is distributed as a X2 distribution with 2 degrees of freedom,i.e.,E～X2(2).Via this index,a quantitative comprehensive forecasting criterion of EMR was initially established.E values were calculated when the occurrence probability of the occurrence of a rock burst was 50%,70% and 90%.Appropriate measures should be taken when using these values on the scene.Using EMR data collected in the Nanshan Mine of the Hegang mining area,we verified that the analytical result were consistent with actual situations.This index is of theoretical importance and as a reference for forecasting rock bursts in coal mines.     

Study of electromagnetic characteristics of stress distribution and sudden changes in the mining of gob-surrounded coal face

The incidence of dynamic coal or rock disasters is closely related to the distribution of stress in the surrounding rock. Our experiments show that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals are related to the state of stress of a coal body. The higher the stress, the more intense the deformation and fractures of a coal body and the stronger the EMR signals. EMR signals reflect the degrees of concentrated stress of a coal body and danger of a rock burst. We selected EMR intensity as the test index of the No.237 gob-surrounded coal face in the Nanshan coal mine. We tested the EMR characteristics of the stress distribution on the strike, on the incline and in the interior of the coal body. The EMR rule of rock bursts, caused by sudden changes in stress, is analyzed. Our re-search shows that EMR technology can be not only used to test qualitatively the stress distribution of the surrounding rock, but also to predict a possible occurrence of rock burst. Based on this, effective distress measures are used to eliminate or at least weaken the incidence of rock bursts. We hope that safety in coalmines will be enhanced.     

三河尖煤矿坚硬顶板对冲击矿压的影响分析

顶板岩层结构，特别是煤层上方坚硬、厚层砂岩顶板是影响冲击矿压发生的主要因素之一。通过实验研究、现场实测、冲击矿压现象分析，说明了顶板坚硬岩层，特别是顶板的关键层运动、破断对冲击矿压的发生有巨大的影响，掌握顶板的运动规律，并对其进行监测，可达到预测预报冲击矿压危险的目的。     

济二矿首例孤岛综放面冲击矿压监测治理

孤岛综放工作面及其周围巷道附近应力集中程度高，顶板运动剧烈，再加上地质构造的影响，采深较大时，很容易引发冲击矿压．孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险检测预报及控制的技术可事先分析冲击危险程度，并提出早期预报．本采用电磁辐射和钻屑法进行及时预报；应用卸压爆破进行处理，并采用电磁辐射和钻屑法检验防治措施的效果．实践证明，这套技术安全、可靠、有效，能够保证工作面的安全高效生产．     

微震信号现场监测试验及特征研究

为研究煤岩破裂微震信号的特征,利用微震监测系统对井下煤岩进行微震信号的监测试验,分析了煤岩破裂微震信号的变化规律。试验结果表明:微震信号的变化趋势与煤岩发生破裂的强弱基本呈正相关。微震信号强度强,煤岩发生破裂伴随着较大能量,之后随着时间的增长,能量逐渐减小,微震信号也明显减弱,直到最后传感器监测不到信号。     

冲击地压电磁辐射序列的ARMA预测

为分析冲击地压发生前的电磁辐射前兆规律,以鹤岗南山矿237工作面"1.12冲击"电磁辐射前兆序列为实例,运用SAS统计分析软件检验序列的随机性和平稳性,建立了适用于该序列的ARMA拟合模型,并预测了序列未来12期的监测值.结果表明,该序列是一个平稳非白噪声序列,可以用AR(3)模型来拟合和预测,模型预测值和真实值的相似程度在66%左右,一致性较高.ARMA模型能够提取电磁辐射序列中的前兆信息,定量描述序列的变化趋势.     

煤岩动力灾害的弱化控制机理及其实践

煤岩动力灾害的实质是能量积聚与耗散的自组织临界过程，当煤岩体中所积聚的弹性能达到其极限冲击能时，就会发生冲击矿压．实验室研究发现，弹脆性煤体是能量积聚与耗散的主体，顶板关键层（坚硬厚层砂岩顶板）的运移则会导致能量积聚与耗散，加速失去动态平衡．以煤岩冲击倾向性与顶板强度及厚度的关系为基础，依据能量积聚与耗散理论，提出了煤岩动力灾害的强度弱化机理，即通过钻孔卸压与深孔卸压爆破来弱化煤岩体的强度，降低煤岩体的聚能能力，释放煤岩体中所积聚的大量弹性能，使得煤岩体中所积聚的弹性能达不到最小冲击能，同时利用电磁辐射监测仪来检验煤岩体强度弱化治理的效果，以达到消除或降低冲击危险的目的．通过在三河尖煤矿9202高冲击危险工作面的生产实践，充分证明了这种技术的有效性．     

Distribution of ground stress on Puhe Coal Mine

Puhe Coal Mine is a typical Tertiary coal in Shenbei mining area. With an increase in mining depth, tectonic stress field becomes more complex, leading to increased deformation and failure of the soft rock roadway. Stress becomes an important factor of mine safety and stability. This paper analyzes the distribution of the regional tectonic field, and determines the distribution of situ stress measurement through measuring the ground stress field in the main mining area level of Puhe Coal Mine using stress relief method. The acquired in situ stress data at different locations and depths provide a reference for the rational arrangement of the stop and mine roadway supporting design, which are of great significance for the efficient safety production of the mine.     

工作面采动应力状态电磁辐射响应规律

通过对梁宝寺煤矿3305采煤工作面与3408掘进工作面电磁辐射监测数据的分析,得到了采掘区域煤岩体内部应力的分布情况和变化规律.划分了采掘工作面高应力危险区域.分析表明,电磁辐射信号可以准确反映煤体内部应力分布情况,并且可以进一步反映工作面前方卸压区与应力集中区的范围.针对高应力危险区域,采用钻屑法与电磁辐射法两种手段进行了监测.并对监测结果进行了分析,结果表明,两种监测手段在反映煤体内部应力集中程度上具有很高的一致性.电磁辐射技术具有监测区域广,连续非接触的优点.而钻屑法则具有在某点处监测精度高的优点.     

大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面冲击矿压治理研究

为了解决大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面的冲击矿压问题,以古城煤矿2106工作面为例,采用现场分析、实验室试验、数值模拟的方法对其发生机理进行了研究.结果表明在此条件下开采时发生的冲击矿压与煤岩性质、采深、坚硬顶板厚度及顶板的周期来压有密切关系.当冲击矿压发生的煤层具有强冲击倾向性,煤层硬度系数大于3、采深900 m以上、顶板岩层坚硬且厚度大于20 m时,冲击矿压发生具有突然性和猛烈性;主要发生在顶板周期来压期间、超前支护50m范围内,此时工作面的CH4和CO气体含量同时升高.对此提出了钻屑法等预测预报的方法和煤体爆破卸压与柔性支护等治理措施.     

深部巷道岩爆预测及防治技术

岩爆是煤矿进入深部开采后出现的一种自然灾害之一,通过对深部巷道岩爆预测和防治技术的研究,控制或消除岩爆对矿井安全生产构成的危害,从而实现安全生产的目的．通过对平煤集团十二矿发生岩爆现象的统计分析、电磁辐射法预测预报岩爆危险性可行性、爆破卸压解危措施效果等多方面的研究,提出了岩爆的预测预报方法及防治措施,并在现场进行了工业性试验．通过现场的应用证明了电磁辐射法对岩爆的危险性进行评价及预测预报、爆破卸压措施防治岩爆发生是可行、有效的．     

深部巷道岩爆预测及防治技术

岩爆是煤矿进入深部开采后出现的一种自然灾害之一,通过对深部巷道岩爆预测和防治技术的研究,控制或消除岩爆对矿井安全生产构成的危害,从而实现安全生产的目的.通过对平煤集团十二矿发生岩爆现象的统计分析、电磁辐射法预测预报岩爆危险性可行性、爆破卸压解危措施效果等多方面的研究,提出了岩爆的预测预报方法及防治措施,并在现场进行了工业性试验.通过现场的应用证明了电磁辐射法对岩爆的危险性进行评价及预测预报、爆破卸压措施防治岩爆发生是可行、有效的.     

坚硬顶板型冲击矿压灾害防治研究

针对兖州矿区济三煤矿6303工作面的冲击矿压问题，分析了冲击矿压发生的主要原因及影响因素．根据现场条件和数值模拟分析，提出了采用顶板爆破解除冲击矿压危险的技术措施，并确定了爆破参数．采用矿用钻孔窥视仪并配合电磁辐射法和钻屑法对爆破进行了效果检验．结果表明，通过顶板爆破措施可以破坏工作面上方坚硬厚层砂岩顶板的完整性，提前释放顶板聚集的弹性能，减弱和消除了工作面的冲击矿压危险，胜，保证了工作面的安全生产．现场实践证明，该项技术对具有坚硬顶板型冲击矿压的防治效果明显．     

Prediction of Rock Burst with Deep Mining Excavation in Linglong Gold Mine

To predict rock burst in deep mining excavation in Linglong gold mine, systematical laboratory tests of mechanical properties of rock, in situ stress measurement and 3-D FEM analysis on energy distribution in rock mass surrounding deep mining rooms were carried out. According to various prediction criteria of rock burst, it is concluded that rock burst is liable to occur during deep mining excavation in the mine.     

Rock burst risk evaluation based on equivalent surrounding rock strength

On-site investigations consistently show that the rock burst inherent to coal seams varies greatly with coal seam thickness. In this study, impact factors related to coal seam thickness and surrounding rock strength were analyzed and a corresponding rock burst risk assessment method was constructed. The model reflects the influence of coal seam thickness on the stress distribution of surrounding rock at the roadway. Based on the roadway excavation range, a stress distribution model of surrounding roadway rock is established and the influence of coal seam thickness on rock burst risk is analyzed accordingly. The proposed rock burst risk assessment method is based on the equivalent surrounding rock strength and coal seam bursting liability. The proposed method was tested in a 3500 mining area to find that it yields rock burst risk assessment results as per coal seam thickness that are in accordance with real-world conditions. The results presented here suggest that coal seam thickness is a crucial factor in effective rock burst risk assessment.     

煤层厚度变化区域矿震活动规律研究

为更有效地预防采掘期间深部煤层分叉或厚度变化区域冲击矿压的发生,以某矿回采工作面为工程实践背景,基于矿震活动在能量释放与震动频次方面的变化特征及在空间上的分布规律,分析了煤层分叉及煤层厚度变化对冲击矿压的影响。结果表明:在大能量矿震发生前,日震动频次连续处于高位而日释放能量较长时间维持低水平;在煤层厚度变化区域,矿震活动活跃,容易发生大能量矿震。通过对矿震进行"时间-空间"分析,可以确定矿震集中区域和能量积聚时间段,从而可对煤层厚度变化影响区域进行有针对性的卸压防冲工作。     

Controlling the effect of a distant extremely thick igneous rock in overlying strata on coal mine disasters

Based on theoretical analysis, similarity simulation tests, numerical simulation analysis and field observations, we analyzed rock collapse and rules of fraction evolution of overlying rocks and studied the rules in controlling the effect of an extremely thick igneous rock, found above a main mining coal seam in an area prone to coal mine disasters in the Haizi Coal Mine. The results show that this igneous rock, called a "main key stratum", will not subside nor break for a long time, causing lower fractures and bed separations not to close. The presence of igneous rock plays an important role in rock bursts, mine floods, gas outburst and surface subsidence in coal mines. By analyzing the rules in controlling the effect of this igneous rock, we provide useful references for safety and high efficiency mining in coal mines under special geological conditions.     

Prediction of rock-burst-threatened areas in an island coal face and its prevention:A case study

The island coal face arises in coal mines with the purpose of preventing gas explosion or maintaining the balance between mining and tunneling. However, its particular stress conditions in the surrounding rock may increase the difficulty of stress control in the coal face and in its mining roadways, especially when the coal seam, the roof, and the floor have rock-burst propensities. The high energy accumulated in the island coal face and in its roof and floor will intensify rock-burst propensity or even induce rock burst,which further result in great casualties and financial losses. Taking island coal face 2321 in Jinqiao coal mine as a case, we propose a method for the prediction of rock-burst-threatened areas in an island coal face with weak rock-burst propensity. Based on the analysis of the movement of the overlying roof and characteristics of stress distribution, this method combined numerical simulation with drilling bits to ensure the prediction accuracy. The effects of coal pillars with different widths on the mitigation of stress concentration in the coal face and on the prevention of rock burst are analyzed together with the mechanism behind. Finally, corresponding measures against the rock burst in the island coal face are proposed.     

薄煤层开采工作面电磁辐射特征

采用电磁辐射技术及装备对薄煤层开采工作面进行电磁辐射监测,深入分析了薄煤层开采工作面电磁辐射显现特征.研究结果表明:采用沿空留巷巷道布置方式,受上区段采空区影响,工作面上巷电磁辐射强度及波动性都高于下巷;工作面来压前电磁辐射增强,来压后减弱,回采过程中电磁辐射呈现明显周期性;薄煤层冲击地压发生于电磁辐射短时间升高的峰后阶段,区别于厚煤层发生于电磁辐射增大到较高值一段时间,然后下降至低值并持续一段时间后.应用电磁辐射对薄煤层开采工作面进行应力分析及冲击地压预测时应充分考虑其特点,以提高分析预测准确性.