基于交叉优势特色学科的大学化学创新实验教学体系构建与实践*

以大学化学与农林优势学科交叉融合为教学改革任务,构建“基础+模块”的大学化学实验创新教学体系,分别开展“项目式”教学、“科教融合”教学、“产学研”教学、“混合式”教学、“虚实结合”教学等五位一体的实验教学实践,并建立化学创新实验课程评价新体系。本化学创新实验教学体系改革明显提高了学生的实践动手能力与综合素质,为深入开展化学基础学科与农林优势学科交叉融合教学奠定一定基础。     

国内外高等院校农林类本科化学教学体系的比较

本文介绍了国外部分发达国家高等农林院校本科化学教学体系，着重对无机化学、有机化学和分析化学３门基础课在课程设置、教学内容、教学手段和实验教学方面的情况与我国的现状进行比较。并探讨了当前我国高等农业院校本科化学教学体系改革中存在的问题。     

化学教学论课程若干基本问题的研究及其改革实践

本文从化学教学论课程的教学目的和教学要求、教学内容及其组织形式、教学的方式方法以及评价考核等方面介绍了北京师范大学化学教育教研室对高等师范院校的化学教学论课程建设的一些理论思考和实践探讨。     

高分子化学教学中化学理论知识的有效融入

《高分子化学》是高分子材料与工程专业的一门重要的专业基础课程。高分子化学中融入了大量的基础化学理论知识,因此在《高分子化学》教学中适当地引入相关基础化学理论知识,将有利于帮助学生克服畏难心理,提高学生学习兴趣,有助于学生对重点难点的理解,有效提高教学效果。本文根据教学实践,介绍了自由基、活化能、过渡态等基础化学理论知识有效融入高分子化学教学的一些实例和心得体会。实践表明,通过以"旧知求新知"可以明显提高"教"与"学"的效果。     

高分子化学课程教学的探索与实践

高分子化学是高分子材料专业学生接触到的第一门专业基础课程,本文从多个方面对高分子化学课程教学进行探讨,包括注重专业教育及兴趣培养、注重与基础化学的衔接和对比、注重科研素质培养、板书与多媒体教学相结合、注重专业前沿知识的讲授、充分利用实物教学等几方面,并通过在教学实践中加以运用,有效提高了课程教学质量。     

高师化学教育实践课程的设置及实施

东北师范大学2015年对教师教育课程进行了修订,构建了从校内模拟到校外基础实习和应用实习的化学教育实践课程体系,逐渐提升师范生的教学实践能力,为将来成长为一名优秀的化学教师奠定了基础。但在理论与实践的融合、指导教师队伍建设和安全保障措施等方面需要进一步思考。     

供给侧改革视角下高职院校生活化学实验的设计与教学实践*

在供给侧改革背景下,结合高职院校教学实际,分析了生活化学实验课程在实验设计、教学内容、教学方法等方面存在的问题。从精心设计的实验项目、基于实验展示的教学方法和凸显学生专业特色的考核方式等3个方面进行实践,体现了课程的科学性、实用性、趣味性和可操作性,有助于提升高职院校学生的科学素养。     

初中起点的幼师培养中化学课堂有效教学策略

根据初中起点幼师化学教学中存在的学生文化基础较差、学习习惯差、学习积极性差等问题,依据从教多年的教学实践,在前人研究的基础上,从解决学生的思想认识问题、创设和谐有序的课堂教学秩序、针对性地改进教学等3个方面,提出了在幼师化学课堂教学中进行有效教学的策略。     

应用型本科院校化学专业模块化课程体系构建

通过对应用型本科院校化学专业现状和行业需求的分析,提出了课程结构与内容相融合的“双模块”和“平台+模块”的课程体系,并就体系中化学专业课程设置、课程内容、教学方法和教学评价等方面进行了积极的探索与实践。     

发挥学科优势,建设好理科化学人才培养基地——厦门大学化学基地建设的实践与体会

厦门大学化学系化学学科基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地于 1 991年 7月经原国家教委首批批准建立 ,1 994年 1 0月通过原国家教委专家组的中期检查评估 ,1 999年 1 1月通过国家教育部专家组的验收评估。厦门大学化学基地自建立以来 ,重视发挥厦门大学化学群体的学科和人才优势 ,在完善办学条件 ,充实教学队伍 ,更新教学思想观念 ,改革课程体系与教学内容 ,优化人才培养模式等方面进行不断的探索与实践 ,以“强化基础、注重能力、面向前沿、提高素质”作为基地教学的指导思想 ,立足培养知识、能力、素质三位一体的新世纪人才。1　采取有效措…     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...