颞部除皱术联合A型肉毒毒素在面部除皱中的临床应用

目的：分析颞部除皱术联合A型肉毒毒素应用于面部除皱的效果。方法60例面部皱纹整容患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,各30例。对照组单纯采取A型肉毒毒素治疗,观察组联合应用颞部除皱术与A型肉毒毒素治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效。结果观察组术后皱纹消失保持时间明显长于对照组,猫眼样年轻化发生率高于对照组;观察组患者眼睑闭合困难、面部肿胀、面部僵硬等并发症发生率明显低于对照组;观察组患者对治疗效果满意率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在面部除皱中应用颞部除皱术联合A型肉毒毒素治疗,有利于延长除皱保持时间,降低并发症发生率,起到良好的年轻化效果,值得临床推广。     

肉毒杆菌毒素A

Allergan公司开发的Botox(肉毒杆菌毒素A)获FDA批准用于预防慢性偏头痛患者(或每月头痛发作15次以上,每次持续时间在4小时至1天或更     

应用A型肉毒毒素治疗面上部皱纹452例体会

目的应用A型肉毒毒素治疗面上部动力性皱纹,观察其治疗反应及疗效。方法采用A型肉毒毒素多点注射法治疗面上部动力性皱纹。结果共治疗452例,包括额纹、鱼尾纹、眉间纹,有效率达100%。结论A型肉毒毒素多点注射法安全有效,简便易行,对于面上1/3皱纹具有良好的治疗效果。     

生物性神经毒素—A型肉毒杆菌毒素

本文简述了层序地层学的意义及经典层序地层学理论的由来，并以层序地层学理论为指导，结合扬子板块西北缘早志留世陆表海缓坡环境的特点，研究了本区层序地层的特殊性，进而指出经典层序地层理论在陆表海缓坡环境沉积组合中并非完全适合，必须加以补充和修正。本文还讨论了凝缩层在本区的生油意义。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛症

目的：观察Ａ型肉毒毒素对偏侧面肌痉挛症的疗效及安全性。方法：３５例偏侧面肌痉挛病人，在面肌痉挛部位多点皮下注射Ａ型肉毒毒素，每一点注射０．１ｍＬ（含２．５Ｕ）。结果：全部病例治疗后均在１ｗｋ内见效，１级和２级痉挛者７例，治疗后痉挛全部消失；３级痉挛２１例，１６例痉挛消失，５例转为１级；７例４级痉挛者除１例转为１级外，余痉挛全部消失。副作用有轻微眼睑下垂、鼻唇沟变浅。结论：Ａ型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉     

肉毒杆菌毒素 A 的临床应用

<正> 在过去十年中,肉毒杆菌毒素 A(BT)已广泛应用于局灶性肌张力障碍的治疗。经验证明,适量肌注 BT 是安全有效的。全美联邦仪器和药物管理部门已批准 BT 用于斜视、睑痉挛、面部痉挛、内收肌痉挛性发音障碍、口腔颌面及颈部肌张力障碍,如斜颈的治疗。1995年,有人报道将其用于前     

A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛症

目的：观察Ａ型肉毒毒素对偏侧面肌痉挛症的疗效及安全性。方法：３５例偏侧面肌痉挛病人，在面肌痉挛部位多点皮下注射Ａ型肉毒毒素，每一点注射０．１ｍＬ（含２．５Ｕ）。结果：全部病例治疗后均在１ｗｋ内见效，１级和２级痉挛者７例，治疗后痉挛全部消失；３级痉挛２１例，１６例痉挛消失，５例转为１级；７例４级痉挛者除１例转为１级外，余痉挛全部消失。副作用有轻微眼睑下垂、鼻唇沟变浅。结论：Ａ型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛疗效肯定，使用方便、安全。     

Botulinum toxin B: the new option in cosmetic injection

Botulinum toxin, one of nature's most toxic substances, is the unlikely source of one of cosmetic dermatology's most popular new injectable treatment options. This article describes the physiological and biological workings of the several structurally similar but antigenically distinct serotypes of botulinum toxin, and provides clinical studies comparing and contrasting the key ingredients in Botox, Dysport, and Myobloc (Neurobloc).     

Botulinum toxin as an effective treatment of clozapine-induced hypersalivation

Hypersalivation is a common and frequently disabling side effect of atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine. Current treatment options of this adverse advent are limited by lack of efficacy or additional side effects. Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections into the parotid glands have been shown to be very effective in treating sialorrhea in the context of various neurological disorders, such as Parkinsons and motor neuron disease. Surprisingly, BTX treatment of drug-induced sialorrhea has not yet been described. We here report a patient with clozapine-induced hypersalivation and a good response to BTX injections lasting for more than 12 weeks, resulting in a marked reduction of the hypersalivation and consequently of his social withdrawal. Our patient serves to alert clinicians to the frequent problem of drug-induced sialorrhea and suggests that BTX injections should be considered as an effective and safe treatment for hypersalivation in psychiatric patients treated with clozapine.The first two authors contributed equally to this work.     

Botulinum toxin for pain

Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is being increasingly used 'off label' in the management of chronic pain. Data support the hypothesis of a direct analgesic effect of BTX, different to that exerted on muscle. Although the pain-reducing effect of BTX is mainly due to its ability to block acetylcholine release at the synapse, other effects on the nervous system are also thought to be involved. BTX affects cholinergic transmission in both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems. Proposed mechanisms of action of BTX for pain relief of trigger points, muscular spasms, fibromyalgia and myofascial pain include direct action on muscle and indirect effects via action at the neuromuscular junction. Invitro and invivo data have shown that BTX has specific antinociceptive activity relating to its effects on inflammation, axonal transport, ganglion inhibition, and spinal and suprasegmental level inhibition. Our review of the mechanisms of action, efficacy, administration techniques and therapeutic dosage of BTX for the management of chronic pain in a variety of conditions shows that although muscular tone and movement disorders remain the most important therapeutic applications for BTX, research suggests that BTX can also provide benefits related to effects on cholinergic control of the vascular system, autonomic function, and cholinergic control of nociceptive and antinociceptive systems. Furthermore, it appears that BTX may influence the peripheral and central nervous systems. The therapeutic potential of BTX depends mainly on the ability to deliver the toxin to the target structures, cholinergic or otherwise. Evidence suggests that BTX can be administered at standard dosages in pain disorders, where the objective is alteration of muscle tone. For conditions requiring an analgesic effect, the optimal therapeutic dosage of BTX remains to be defined.     

Botulinum toxin as a novel addition to anti-arthritis armamentarium: an experimental study in rabbits

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of intra-articular botulinum toxin. METHODS: Osteoarthritis was induced in both knees of 20 rabbits by transecting the anterior cruciate ligament under intramuscular anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine. Botulinum toxin, at a dose of 2.5 microg/ml (0.6 ml) and physiologic saline solution (0.6 ml) were injected into the right and left knees, respectively, three times with a 1week interval between each injection. The rabbits were sacrificed in the 12th week via high dose anesthesia to remove the distal femora for histological evaluation using the Mankin scale and Safranin O. RESULTS: The mean cartilage areas calculated in toxin- and saline-injected knees differed significantly (1.097 mm(2) and 0.477 mm(2), respectively; P<0.05). The overall mean Mankin score was significantly lower in toxin-injected knees (3.57 versus11.14; P<0.05). Although there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to cellular abnormality, matrix staining, and tidemark continuity (P>0.05), the mean scores for the structure of the cartilage were significantly different (0.86 versus 4.43; P<0.05). The integrity of the tidemark was preserved in all the toxin-administered knees, though a notable disruption was observed in four control knees. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that botulinum toxin delays the development of osteoarthritis at early stages through exerting a chondroprotective effect.     

Botulinum toxin B as an effective and safe treatment for neuroleptic-induced sialorrhea

Rationale  

Severe sialorrhea is a common, potentially stigmatizing and disabling side-effect of neuroleptic drugs such as clozapine. Sialorrhea also occurs in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). For neurological diseases, several studies have demonstrated botulinum toxin type B to be a safe and effective treatment.