几种纳米微粒作为锂基脂添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米SiO2、纳米LaF3及纳米Ni等3类纳米微粒作为锂基脂添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量色散谱仪及X射线光电子能谱仪分析了含纳米微粒添加剂的锂基脂润滑下的钢球磨损表面形貌、元素面分布及典型元素的化学状态.结果表明:3种纳米微粒作为添加剂均能够显著提高锂基脂的减摩抗磨能力;锂基脂及含不同纳米添加剂的锂基脂润滑下的钢球磨损表面形貌及其表面保护膜的性质存在明显差异,这种差异决定了钢-钢摩擦副在相应脂润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能差异;含纳米SiO2的锂基脂润滑下的钢球磨损表面形成的含纳米SiO2的表面保护膜均匀且厚度适中,故其相应的减摩抗磨效果最佳.     

SiO2/SnO2复合纳米微粒添加剂的摩擦学性能及其对磨损表面的修复作用研究

采用化学方法制备了SiO2 SnO2 复合纳米微粒，分别采用四球摩擦磨损试验机和环一块摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为矿物油添加剂的抗磨减摩性能及对磨损表面的修复作用．用扫描电子显微镜观察、分析了磨斑表面形貌，并探讨了复合纳米微粒添加剂的润滑作用机理．结果表明，SiO2 SnO2 复合纳米微粒添加剂具有优良的减摩抗磨性能，且对磨损表面具有一定的修复作用．其原因在于，SiO2 SnO2 复合纳米微粒在摩擦表面沉积并在接触区的高温高压作用下熔融铺展，形成低剪切强度的表面膜．     

用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备类金刚石碳薄膜的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用射频-直流等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在单晶硅衬底上沉积类金刚石碳薄膜,采用激光拉曼光谱仪和原子力显微镜对薄膜的结构和表面形貌进行表征,采用纳米压痕仪测定薄膜的硬度,并用UMT型微摩擦磨损试验机考察了薄膜在不同试验条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:所制备的类金刚石碳薄膜表面光滑致密且硬度较高;在干摩擦条件下与GCr15钢球或Al2O3球配副时显示出良好的减摩抗磨性能,摩擦系数较低,耐磨寿命较长,而在水润滑条件下同Al2O3球配副时发生灾难性磨损.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2陶瓷涂层在液态石蜡润滑下的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用纳米和微米结构Al2O3/TiO2喂料制备出2种陶瓷涂层,考察了这2种涂层在液体石蜡润滑下与不锈钢球摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能,并探讨了2种涂层的磨损机理.结果表明:液态石蜡润滑能有效降低纳米Al2O3/TiO2涂层与不锈钢球摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损率,但是对微米涂层的润滑效果不明显.纳米涂层的摩擦系数仪为微米涂层的1/3,而磨损率则降低了70倍以上.纳米涂层的磨损机制在低载荷下是轻微的黏着磨损,高载荷下则是摩擦抛光,而微米涂层的磨损机制是晶粒脆性断裂.     

纳米Fe_3O_4在板带钢冷轧轧制液中的摩擦学性能

在超声波作用下,将经油酸表面修饰平均粒径为20 nm的纳米Fe3O4微粒分散于板带钢冷轧轧制液中,在MRS-10A四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其对钢/钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜分析了纳米Fe3O4的相组成和微结构,采用光学显微镜观察了磨损表面形貌.利用四辊冷轧试验机进行了轧制液润滑下的板带钢冷轧试验,考察了纳米Fe3O4添加剂对板带钢冷轧润滑的效果.结果表明:纳米Fe3O4作为轧制液添加剂能有效提高钢/钢摩擦副的抗磨性能、降低摩擦系数,同时表现出良好的板带钢冷轧润滑效果;含纳米Fe3O4的轧制液可明显降低带钢最小可轧厚度,并改善轧制带钢板面质量.     

NbSe2/Ag纳米复合材料的制备及其作为煤矿机械机用润滑油添加剂摩擦学行为的研究

采用化学还原法成功制备出NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料,即在NbSe₂纳米片表面沉积1层纳米Ag颗粒. 采用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料添加到煤矿机械机用润滑油中的摩擦学行为. 结果表明:相比于纳米Ag颗粒和NbSe₂,NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料添加到润滑油中更加有效地改善了润滑油的润滑承载效果. NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料所表现出最优良的摩擦学行为. 原因主要可能在于4个方面:第一,根据理论计算得出NbSe₂、Ag和NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料产生滑移的最大抗剪切强度按从小到大顺序排列为NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料、Ag、NbSe₂。NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料抗剪切强度最小,润滑效果最好;第二,NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料中的NbSe₂由于纳米Ag负载相比于纯NbSe₂具有更好的分散性,更利于形成完整均匀的润滑膜;第三,Ag质软润滑且弹性模量小,NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料受到摩擦热以及剪切作用形成的润滑膜由于Ag的存在提高了脆性破坏能力,使得润滑膜在摩擦副上硬凸点的刮擦作用下不易破裂;第四,部分纳米Ag球状颗粒可能存在接触界面上有效的滚动,起到“微轴承”的作用从而降低摩擦系数. 然而,润滑油的润滑效果与所添加的NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料含量并非呈现正相关关系,而是随着添加含量的增加呈现先降低后增加的趋势,在质量分数为1.5%时,效果最佳.      

乙醇润滑下Ti3AlC2的摩擦磨损性能

采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机评价了Ti3AlC2在干摩擦以及水和乙醇润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,分析了Ti3AlC2磨损表面形貌和化学组成,简要讨论了水和乙醇的黏度对其润滑性能的影响。结果表明：在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,Ti3AlC2/Si3N4、Ti3AlC2/Al2O3和Ti3AlC2/GCr15钢3种摩擦副的耐磨性能较差,而在乙醇润滑条件下,由于乙醇可抑制Ti3AlC2的晶粒拔出、断裂以及偶件材料向Ti3AlC2的转移,从而导致3种摩擦副的耐磨性能优异。     

咪唑啉硼酸酯的制备及其减摩抗磨机理研究

合成出4种咪唑啉硼酸酯润滑油添加剂,在四球摩擦磨损试验机和SRV微动摩擦磨损试验机上评价了4种添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦磨损性能,考察了其抗腐蚀性及热稳定性,并采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观察分析钢球磨损表面形貌及其表面膜中元素的化学状态.结果表明,所合成的添加剂具有良好的抗腐蚀性和热稳定性及极压抗磨减摩性能.这归因于含MBA-2的液体石蜡在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应并生成由B2O3、氧化铁及含氮有机物等组成的混合膜.     

纳米铜润滑油添加剂的摩擦磨损特性及其机理研究

设计了4种试验方案,对比研究了不同摩擦试验条件下粒径为20 nm的铜添加剂对摩擦副的修复作用,考察了纳米铜添加剂在不同润滑油中的抗磨减摩性能,探讨了纳米铜添加剂的作用机理.结果表明:在摩擦过程中,纳米铜添加剂能够在磨损表面形成由粒径为0.1 μm团状物构成、低剪切强度的保护软膜,可以减小粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,使纳米铜添加剂表现出良好的抗磨减摩性能;对于基础润滑油650SN,纳米铜添加剂能够使其摩擦系数降低48%、磨痕宽度降低21%;对于坦克机油50CC,纳米铜添加剂能够使其摩擦系数降低40%、磨痕宽度降低33%;同时,铜保护膜修复了磨损表面的微坑和损伤,对摩擦副起到了有效的保护和修复作用.     

羟基硅酸镁复合粉体润滑油添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副的抗磨自修复机理

以羟基硅酸镁复合矿物粉体作为润滑油添加剂,采用MM-200型环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究了45^#钢摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了钢环磨损表面和润滑油所含添加剂颗粒的形貌,采用能谱仪分析了钢环磨损表面成份,采用表面形貌仪测定了钢环磨损表面粗糙度,进而探讨了复合矿物粉体添加剂的抗磨自修复机理.结果表明:羟基硅酸镁复合矿物粉体添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副具有良好的减摩抗磨作用.在基础油(46^#机油)润滑条件下,随着载荷的增加,磨损机制由轻微擦伤转变为严重擦伤和黏着磨损.在含添加剂的油润滑条件下,较低载荷下钢环磨损表面发生轻微擦伤,且擦伤程度比基础油润滑下的更轻;而在较高载荷条件下钢环磨损表面非常光滑,呈现轻微的黏着磨损迹象.其原因在于在较低载荷条件下,添加剂在摩擦过程中可发生团聚形成大小不一的球状团聚体,球状团聚体可起到微球轴承的作用,使钢-钢摩擦副由滑动接触状态转变为滚动接触状态,从而显著降低摩擦系数,提高抗磨性能.而在较高载荷下,羟基硅酸镁复合矿物粉体添加剂易在钢-钢摩擦副磨损表面形成自修复抗磨层,从而隔离金属表面的直接接触,起到良好的减摩抗磨作用.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.