微型单晶金刚石铣刀设计与力学分析

介绍了微型单晶金刚石刀具的应用和技术特点,研究了微型单晶金刚石刀具的设计原理,并对其进行了力学分析和仿真建模。     

高精度、超高精度气相沉积金刚石厚膜刀具的特性及其应用

通过对聚晶金刚石和化学气相沉积金刚石厚膜的特性分析、试验及实际应用 ,得出了金刚石厚膜刀具除兼有单晶金刚石和金刚石薄膜涂层刀具的优点外 ,还具有精加工和超精加工的优异特性的结论 ,其发展前景广阔     

高精度、超高精度气相沉积金刚石厚膜刀具的特性及其应用

通过对聚晶金刚石和化学气相沉积金刚石厚膜的特性分析、试验及实际应用,得出了金刚石厚膜刀具除兼有单晶金刚石和金刚石薄膜涂层刀具的优点外,还具有精加工和超精加工的优异特性的结论,其发展前景广阔.     

金刚石刀具的刃磨技术

一、金刚石刀具的优良特性随着电子、原子能、航海、宇航工业等技术的发展,零件的精度要求不断提高(尺寸精度及形状精度均小于1微米并要求高光洁度),促进了金刚石车削的研究。使用天然单晶金刚石刀具的超精密车削加工,实现了其他加工方法(如抛光、研磨、冷挤等)无法达到的精度要求,从而简化了生产过程,大大地提高了生产效率,降低了成本,减轻了劳动强度。天然金刚石刀具具有以下特性:     

单晶金刚石刀具精密检测与评价方法研究

针对单晶金刚石刀具刃口轮廓精度的精密检测方法进行研究,首次利用形位误差仪、通过测量刀具后刀面精度的方法来反映刀具刃口轮廓精度,并基于改进后的最小二乘圆拟合方法完成刀具精度评价.通过实验,实现了形状精度在0.05μm尺度的测量,验证了本方法的有效性.     

金刚石薄膜涂层技术

金刚石在所有物质中硬度最高,在固体物质中导热率最高。其化学性能稳定,与其他物质几乎无亲和性。因此,金刚石很适合用作耐磨、滑动的零件以及工具等。但金刚石的使用形状往往受天然颗粒、单晶或聚晶烧结体的限制。因此,近年来在硬质合金或其他基体上合成金刚石薄膜涂层的技术受到高度重视。 金刚石涂层刀具特别适用有色金属、玻璃纤维强化塑料以及陶瓷等特殊材料。如切削AC4C(8％Si—Al)材料,使用金刚石涂层的硬质合金刀具,要比不涂金刚石的硬质合金刀具使用寿命提高12倍。使用金刚石薄膜涂层材料制成的扬声器及话筒的振动     

金刚石超精密切削刀具技术概述

分析了国内外金刚石超精密切削刀具技术的发展概况,并从金刚石超精密切削刀具的精度控制、金刚石超精密切削刀具的选择以及金刚石超精密切削刀具的制造技术等方面进行了探讨。     

C/E 复合材料“以磨代钻冶制孔工艺

为了提高C/E复合材料构件制孔加工质量,以C/E复合材料为研究对象,提出"以磨代钻"制孔新工艺,并研制了电镀金刚石刀具.与传统硬质合金刀具钻孔工艺进行对比试验,结果表明:金刚石刀具钻削轴向力降低30%-50%、刀具耐用度提高3-5倍、缺陷显著减少,更适合C/E复合材料钻孔加工.     

C/E复合材料“以磨代钻”制孔工艺

为了提高C/E复合材料构件制孔加工质量,以C/E复合材料为研究对象,提出"以磨代钻"制孔新工艺,并研制了电镀金刚石刀具。与传统硬质合金刀具钻孔工艺进行对比试验,结果表明:金刚石刀具钻削轴向力降低30%-50%、刀具耐用度提高3-5倍、缺陷显著减少,更适合C/E复合材料钻孔加工。     

机床振动对高精度金刚石刀具研磨质量的影响

研磨机床的振动是影响金刚石刀具机械研磨质量的重要因素,尤其在精密研磨工序。为了提高金刚石刀具的研磨质量,针对金刚石刀具的精密研磨工序,在研磨加工时对机床施加空气隔振垫,使研磨的金刚石刀具切削刃钝圆半径从隔振前的93.8nm降到了隔振后的72.7nm,前刀面表面粗糙度则从2.4nm降到了1.0nm,研磨质量得到明显改善。     

微结构表面超精密加工中切削条件的影响分析

介绍了微结构功能表面加工中的问题,以同轴调制锯齿波微结构的金刚石超精密加工为例阐述了其加工原理,结合试验对刀具刀尖圆弧半径、被加工材料和切削液等切削条件与金刚石超精密切削加工后的微结构功能表面之间的关系进行了分析与讨论,并对主轴转速和刀具进给速度等切削用量与金刚石超精密切削出的微结构功能表面之间的关系进行了分析与讨论.     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

Diamond Milling of Micro-Optics

A diamond mill (a tiny end mill) can cut aspheric lenses and mirrors with diameters smaller than 0.5 mm. The cutting tool has a two-dimensional shape and is spun about the axis of the surface to be cut. As the spinning tool is plunged into the substrate, it cuts a radially symmetric surface to sub-micron accuracies. Commercially available circular diamond tools can be modified to aspheric shapes using a focused ion beam. Fabrication examples will be presented and the optical performance of an array of micro-lenses will be described.     

Tool wear during high speed turning in situ TiCp/TiBw hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite

Chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear are prevalent for both the polycrystalline diamond(PCD) and the carbide tools during high speed turning of TiC_p/TiB_w hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) matrix composite(TMCs). The combined effects of abrasive wear and diffusion wear caused the big crater on PCD and carbide tool rake face. Compared to the PCD, bigger size of crater was found on the carbide tool due to much higher cutting temperature and the violent chemical reaction between the Ti element in the workpiece and the WC in the tool.However, the marks of the abrasive wear looked much slighter or even could not be observed on the carbide tool especially when low levels of cutting parameters were used, which attributes to much lower hardness and smaller size of WC combined with more significant chemical degradation of carbide. When cutting TC4 using PCD tool, notch wear was the most significant wear pattern which was not found when cutting the TMCs. However, chipping, adhesive wear and crater wear were much milder when compared to the cutting of titanium matrix composite. Due to the absence of abrasive wear when cutting TC4, the generated titanium carbide on the PCD protected the tool from fast wear, which caused that the tool life for TC4 was 6–10 times longer than that for TMCs.     

单晶硅纳米加工机理的分子动力学研究

对内部无缺陷的单晶硅的纳米切削过程进行了分子动力学模拟.通过模拟结果,对单晶硅纳米切削中的切屑形成过程和加工表面的形成过程做出了合理的解释.并用第一原理应力计算方法对单晶硅纳米切削过程中的脆塑转变的可行性进行了研究.     

天然金刚石刀具单激励超声椭圆振动车削

设计并制造了一种单激励夹心式纵弯复合椭圆振动车削系统.在分析超声椭圆振动切削抑制刀具崩刃机理的基础上,利用该系统进行了天然金刚石刀具振动车削铝件的试验,证实了椭圆振动切削可以有效防止刀具崩刃.     

单激励超声椭圆振动车削薄壁筒实验研究

通过对普通夹心式超声椭圆振动换能器结构的研究,设计了一种能够在单一纵向激励的情况下产生椭圆振动的换能器结构,利用有限元分析工具对换能器的结构进行分析,并且利用光纤测振仪对单一纵向激励换能器进行了测量,验证了可以通过单向激励产生椭圆振动。利用这种结构研制了一套单激励超声椭圆振动车削系统,采用PCD刀具对LY12实心件和薄壁筒工件进行了精密切削实验,实验结果表明椭圆振动切削可以大幅度降低切削力,明显改善薄壁工件的形状精度,同时工件还具有较好的表面粗糙度。     

氮化硅陶瓷切削仿真与实验

针对金刚石砂轮磨粒尺寸、形状的不规则性和空间位置不确定性的特点,采用球坐标中随机点产生的空间平面切分实体和截角多面体相结合的方法,并考虑氮化硅陶瓷工件的磨削亚表面形貌和裂纹损伤,建立了截角多面体磨粒和含有典型裂纹的工件模型。进行单颗磨粒切削氮化硅陶瓷的有限元仿真和实验,结果表明:磨削加工和数值仿真的磨削力值变化趋势相同,差值小于8%,切削力随砂轮转速增大而减小、随工件速度和切削深度增大而增大,而切削深度对切削力的影响程度最大。     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.