养容胶囊保肝及抗肝纤维化的临床作用

[目的]观察养容胶囊保肝及抗肝纤维化的临床作用.[方法]将133例慢性乙型肝炎及肝硬化患者随机分为2组,治疗组(67例)口服养容胶囊,对照组(66例)口服护肝片,疗程均为6个月.观察2组用药后临床疗效结果,肝功能[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBil)、血清白蛋白(Alb)]、血清肝纤维化指标[透明质酸酶(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C]等方面的变化.[结果]治疗组治疗后ALT、TBil、Alb及HA、LN、Ⅳ-C较治疗前明显改善(P＜0.05),临床疗效、临床症状改善与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]养容胶囊对慢性乙型肝炎及肝硬化可能具有一定的保肝及抗纤维化作用.     

当飞利肝宁胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化36例

[目的]探讨当飞利肝宁胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)肝纤维化疗效.[方法]选择CHB患者68例,随机分为2组,2组均给予维生素类药物口服,治疗组服用当飞利肝宁胶囊,对照组服用护肝片,疗程均为26周.治疗前与治疗结束后观察肝功能及血清肝纤维化指标.[结果]治疗组治疗前后血清肝纤维化指标:透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(Ⅳ-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白(PCⅢ)、层黏连蛋白(LN)均有明显下降(P＜0.01).对照组治疗前后HA、PCⅢ有所下降,而Ⅳ-C、LN下降不明显.治疗组4项指标的下降值显著＞对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组肝功能复常率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义.[结论]当飞利肝宁胶囊对CHB肝纤维化有一定改善作用,无明显不良反应.     

慢性乙肝患者HBV-DNA、肝功能指标与肝纤维化的关系

[目的]探究慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)、肝功能指标与肝纤维化的关系.[方法]入选65例慢性乙肝患者为患者组;同期选取肝功能合格的体检者65例作为对照组;检测2组肝纤维化指标[血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)],HBV-DNA,肝功能指标[...     

肝硬化患者血清血小板源生长因子变化的临床意义

[目的]观察肝硬化患者血清血小板源生长因子(PDGF)水平的变化,分析其与患者病情程度及肝纤维化血清学指标透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅢNP)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)水平的关系。[方法]采用ELISA、RIA分别检测正常人(对照组)40例、乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者(观察组)30例(按病情程度分为Child-PugA级9例、B级11例、C级10例)的血清PDGF、HA、LN、PⅢNP、Ⅳ-C水平。[结果]肝硬化各组患者PDGF及所测血清学指标均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05),PDGF水平按病情严重程度依次升高,各组之间均存在显著性差异(均P<0.05),并与所测肝纤维化血清学指标的水平正相关(均P<0.05)。[结论]PDGF与肝硬化程度相关,可能是促进肝硬化患者肝纤维化加重的原因之一。     

调肝理脾方抑制酒精性肝纤维化的实验研究

[目的]探讨调肝理脾方对实验性酒精性肝纤维化大鼠的抑制作用及其机制。[方法]Wistar雄性大鼠以“白酒-吡唑-玉米油”混合液灌胃16周制备酒精性肝纤维化大鼠模型,给药后检测肝功能、肝组织病理学变化、肝组织中转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）蛋白表达。[结果]酒精性肝纤维化模型大鼠肝功能显著异常,肝纤维化明显;经4周治疗,与模型组比较,中药组及西药组血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、透明质酸水平均有显著下降（P〈0．01）,且中药组能显著下调大鼠肝组织中TGF-β1蛋白。[结论]调肝理脾方能够有效阻止和逆转酒精性肝纤维化的进程。     

正肝方药物血清对甲胎蛋白刺激的AFPsiRNA-HepG2细胞系增殖的影响

[目的]观察中药正肝方药物血清对甲胎蛋白（AFP）刺激的AFPsiRNA-HepG2细胞增殖的影响。[方法]正肝方浸膏粉经灌胃给药制备正肝方大鼠血清,体外培养AFPsiRNA-HepG2细胞,将细胞分为5%正常大鼠血清、5%正肝方血清、10%正常大鼠血清、10%正肝方血清、5%正常大鼠血清加AFP刺激、5%正肝方血清加AFP刺激、10%正常大鼠血清加AFP刺激、10%正肝方血清加AFP刺激共8组,MTT法检测细胞增殖。[结果]无AFP刺激时,正肝方血清组与正常大鼠血清组OD值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;有AFP刺激时,正肝方血清组与正常大鼠血清组OD值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,正肝方血清组显著抑制AFPsiRNA-HepG2细胞增殖。[结论]正肝方血清通过影响AFP介导的AFPsiRNA-HepG2细胞的增殖抑制肝癌细胞增殖。     

蚤莲合剂对二乙基亚硝胺所致大鼠肝硬变及癌变的防治作用

目的:观察蚤莲合剂(由白蚤体、半枝莲、虎杖、姜黄、黄芪、白术、茯苓、玫瑰花等8味中药组成)对肝硬化和肝癌前病变的预防作用。方法:以二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)诱发大鼠肝硬化伴癌前病变为模型,观察内容包括病理形态的生物化学指标。结果:中药组与模型组比较:①肝功能指标ALT、ALB等明显改善(P<0.01);②肝羟脯氨酸(HyP)含量及肝纤维化或肝硬化程度明显降低;③血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和肝组织匀浆γ-GT水平明显降低(P<0.01);血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)水平降低(P<0.01);④AFP阳性细胞数减少(P<0.05)。结论:蚤莲合剂对DEN所致大鼠肝硬化和肝癌前病变有明显防治作用。     

中西医结合治疗慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化临床观察

[目的]观察中西医结合治疗病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。[方法]随机将126例慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化患者分为2组,各63例,对照组用甘利欣加肌苷片治疗,治疗组用甘利欣加肌苷片加中药治疗,疗程均6个月。观察超声肝脏形态学变化,检测肝功能和肝纤维化指标。[结果]治疗组总有效率为85.7%,优于对照组的71.4%(P0.05);肝脏形态学超声参数积分的变化、肝功能的改善及肝纤维化指标的变化均明显优于对照组(P0.05,0.01)。[结论]中西医结合治疗病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的疗效优于单纯西药护肝治疗。     

生脉注射液联合葛根素注射液对肝硬化患者肝纤维化指标的影响

目的:观察生脉注射液联合葛根素注射液对肝硬化患者血清肝纤维化指标的作用.方法:?将50例肝硬化患者随机分为两组,对照组22例采用常规保肝、降酶等治疗,治疗组28例加用生脉注射液和葛根素注射液,分别检测治疗前后的肝功能、肝纤维化指标等.结果:?总有效率治疗组显著高于对照组(82.1%vs59.1%,P<0.05).治疗组肝功能优于对照组,并且治疗前后也有显著差异(P<0.05).治疗组纤维化指标(μg/L)HA、PⅢP、Ⅳ-C、LN显著低于对照组(231.1±111.3vs424.4±166.2;132.1±110.5vs207.1±105.7;104.4±26.5vs144.7±26.9;107.2±26.8vs160.8±46.2;均P<0.05),同时也低于本组治疗前(480.2±181.4,216.1±161.4,148.3±27.2,161.8±43.7)(均P<0.05).结论:中药生脉注射液和葛根素注射液能明显改善肝功能,在抗肝纤维化治疗中有确切疗效.     

肝硬化患者血清肝纤维化指标与糖代谢异常的关系

目的探讨肝硬化患者血清肝纤维化指标与糖代谢异常的关系。方法将91例肝硬化患者按口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)分为糖代谢正常组和异常组;用放射免疫法测定血浆胰岛素以及血清透明质酸()HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(4C)、Ⅲ型胶原氨端肽(PCⅢ);同步检测肝功能、凝血酶原活动度(PTA);计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)。结果糖代谢异常组空腹及糖负荷后0.5～2h血糖明显升高(P值均<0.05),空腹及糖负荷后2～3h胰岛素显著增高(P<0.05);肝硬化糖代谢异常组肝纤维化四项指标升高均较糖代谢正常组更为明显,其中HA及PCⅢ水平两组的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组患者肝功能指标及ISI均有明显差异(P<0.05),肝硬化糖代谢异常组肝功能降低,组织胰岛素敏感性下降。结论肝硬化患者反复肝炎活动,肝功能进行性损害,可促进肝纤维化的进展,并导致糖代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.