蔬菜鲶鱼复合鱼肉饼工艺

以鲶鱼为主要原料,研究鲈鱼添加比例,各种蔬菜（香菇、玉米、芹菜、黄瓜、荸荠）及坚果（杏仁）的添加比例对复合鱼肉饼品质的影响,通过模糊数学感官评定方法和鱼肉饼的煎煮损失、质构特性、失水率等指标进行综合评定。结果表明：鲶鱼和鲈鱼原料肉的最佳配比为9：1,复合鱼肉饼中单独添加香菇、黄瓜的添加量均为10%,荸荠添加量为10%～15%范围为宜。同时添加10%芹菜和10%玉米的复合鱼肉饼品质最佳,10%荸荠和10%黄瓜的复合鱼肉饼最受人们欢迎。     

响应面法优化芹菜黄瓜复合粉工艺的研究

以芹菜和黄瓜为原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸和麦芽糊精等辅料探究芹菜黄瓜复合粉的加工工艺。采用单因素试验探究芹菜与黄瓜的配比、护色液浓度、白砂糖、柠檬酸及麦芽糊精的添加量对复合粉感官评价的影响,进一步通过响应面分析方法优化工艺参数,最终确定芹菜黄瓜复合粉的最佳加工工艺为:芹菜切段后用0.8%CaCl2溶液护色,芹菜和黄瓜(芹菜汁∶黄瓜汁,m/m)配比为2∶1,添加0.8%白砂糖、0.03%柠檬酸,同时加入0.1%CMC-Na与0.52%麦芽糊精作为复合稳定剂,经喷雾干燥后制得的芹菜黄瓜复合粉品质最好,口感最佳。     

不同蔬菜对保加利亚乳杆菌生长的影响

为了说明发酵蔬菜制品中的浆水菜在发酵过程中发酵菌对原料蔬菜的选择性,以保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)为菌种,以48种常见蔬菜为原料,按照浆水菜制作工艺,实验研究了菌体在添加不同蔬菜中的生长的情况.结果表明,添加白萝卜、黄瓜、山药、番茄、胡萝卜、小白菜、小青菜、油麦菜、芹菜、冬瓜等蔬菜的,保加利亚乳杆菌生长的很好,菌体浓度均可达到108cfu/mL以上;添加土豆、菠菜、海带、黄豆芽、油菜、芥菜、苦菊、芥蓝、茴香、菜花、莴笋、茄子、南瓜、西葫芦、苜蓿等蔬菜的,保加利亚乳杆菌有生长,菌体浓度在107 cfu/mL左右;添加平菇、空心菜、生菜、大葱、蒜苔、青椒、大白菜、西兰花、茼蒿、韭菜、香椿、地瓜、紫薯、莲藕、娃娃菜、荷兰豆、苦瓜、紫甘蓝、丝瓜、冬笋、豇豆、香菜、洋葱等蔬菜的保加利亚乳杆菌没有生长.     

汉堡蔬菜鱼肉饼的研制

以鱿鱼、鳕鱼、胡萝卜和西芹为主要原料,研究了汉堡蔬菜鱼肉饼的工艺和配方.对鱼糜与鱼肉添加比例、蔬菜添加量以及淀粉和大豆蛋白添加量等影响因素进行研究,通过正交实验确定主要原料的最佳配方为:鱼糜与鱼肉添加比例6:4.以鱼肉添加总量为基数,大豆蛋白添加量5%、淀粉添加量3%、蔬菜添加量7%.按上述方法制得的汉堡蔬菜鱼肉饼,颜色美观,状态均匀,营养丰富,味道甚佳.     

响应面法优化菠菜胡萝卜挂面工艺研究

以面粉、菠菜、胡萝卜、食盐、水为原料制备菠菜胡萝卜挂面,并进行相关工艺优化。运用单因素试验得出菠菜与水的料液比、菠菜浆增添量、胡萝卜粉增添量对菠菜胡萝卜挂面品质影响的最优参数范围,再通过响应面法对菠菜胡萝卜挂面的最优参数范围做进一步优化。结果表明:菠菜与水的料液比0.25∶1(g/mL),菠菜浆增添量56%,胡萝卜粉增添量为20 g,在此工艺条件下制成的菠菜胡萝卜挂面色泽鲜丽,具有独特的风味,口感极佳。     

巧用蔬菜汁烹佳肴

这里所说的蔬菜汁,是把芹菜、香菜、大葱、洋葱、青椒、黄瓜、胡萝卜、生菜等蔬菜原料打成茸所得到的汁水。将蔬菜汁用于菜肴制作,不仅能给菜品增添蔬香,而且成菜的味道也更加的丰富。在实际操作中,蔬菜汁既可用于对原料腌制码味,还可用于冷热菜式的味汁调制。     

苦荞燕麦蔬菜方便早餐的开发

苦荞是集营养、保健、医疗于一体的天然保健食品。以苦荞芯粉、苦荞粉和燕麦粉为主要原料,开发苦荞燕麦蔬菜方便早餐。通过以黏聚性为检测指标的单因素实验和以黏聚性、黄酮含量为检测指标的正交试验,确定了苦荞燕麦蔬菜方便早餐主要原料添加的最适配比。然后以南瓜粉、胡萝卜粉、芹菜粉等多种蔬菜粉、木糖醇、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精等作为辅料,通过正交试验确定系列苦荞燕麦蔬菜方便早餐的最佳配方。结果表明,苦荞芯粉、苦荞粉、燕麦粉质量比为2.6:2.7:7时,苦荞燕麦南瓜方便早餐的最佳配方为南瓜粉、木糖醇、麦芽糊精的质量比为1.8:2:1.8;苦荞燕麦胡萝卜方便早餐的最佳配方为胡萝卜粉、木糖醇、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精的质量比为2:2:0.2:1.8;苦荞燕麦芹菜方便早餐的最佳配方为芹菜粉、木糖醇、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精的质量比为0.4:3:0.2:1.8。     

豆渣蔬菜片的研制

以豆渣、芹菜浆为主要原料,研究了豆渣蔬菜片的基本配方、各辅料不同用量对豆渣片质量的影响。通过实验确定了豆渣粉添加到面粉中最佳比例为面粉量的15%,当糖油比为1:1.5且总量占面粉豆渣粉总量的60%,疏松剂添加量为1.2%,强筋剂用量为1.5%,变性淀粉用量为15%,蔬菜浆添加量为30%时,产品感官品质最佳。使用红外烤箱焙烤,温度为80℃,时间为30min     

蔬菜风味台湾烤香肠的加工技术研究

在普通原味的台湾烤香肠基础上,分别添加脱水胡萝卜和脱水菠菜,制成蔬菜风味的台湾烤香肠。当脱水胡萝卜添加量为7%,脱水菠菜添加量为1.8%时,产品口感和外观最佳。     

三种花色馒头的理化性质研究

探究了在面团中添加瓜类和块茎类蔬菜(选用黄瓜、胡萝卜和紫薯三种原料)对馒头品质的影响。然后,对三种馒头综合比容、感官评价、面团持气性和TPA指标进行测量,同分析添加黄瓜、胡萝卜和紫薯馒头与传统白面馒头的异同。结果表明:紫薯、黄瓜和胡萝卜制成的馒头在质构分析上都优于普通馒头。但紫薯馒头的比容远远低于普通馒头。     

胡萝卜、番茄、黄瓜和西芹制汁过程中酶解工艺的优化

目的:优化胡萝卜、番茄、黄瓜和西芹这四种蔬菜制汁的酶解工艺。方法:榨汁过程中分别添加果胶酶或纤维素酶对蔬菜汁进行酶解处理,以出汁率和浊度为指标对酶解条件(酶解时间、酶添加量、酶解温度)进行单因素分析和正交实验优化。结果:四种蔬菜汁的最佳酶解工艺条件为:胡萝卜汁酶解时间60 min,果胶酶添加量0.4%,酶解温度40 ℃,在此条件下出汁率达到84.7%,浊度为54.3 NTU;番茄汁酶解时间40 min,果胶酶添加量0.2%,酶解温度40 ℃,在此条件下出汁率达到95.1%,浊度为36.3 NTU;黄瓜汁酶解时间60 min,果胶酶添加量0.5%,酶解温度40 ℃,在此条件下出汁率达到93.2%,浊度为60.7 NTU;西芹汁酶解时间60 min,纤维素酶添加量0.4%,酶解温度40 ℃,在此条件下出汁率达到92.1%,浊度为33.3 NTU。结论:在最佳酶解工艺条件下制得的蔬菜汁色泽清亮、甘甜爽口,具有一定的开发价值,可用于制备复合果蔬或蔬菜饮料的原料。     

儿童适宜型天然复合蔬菜澄清汁的研制

从天然蔬菜中精选出蕃茄、胡萝卜、蘑菇、苦瓜、芹菜、菠菜制取蔬菜单汁，根据一定的复制原则和复配工艺进行复配，并对复配后的复合蔬菜汁进行了澄清实验，最终得到一种儿童适宜型复合蔬菜汁。     

Physicochemical stability of egg protein‐stabilised oil‐in‐water emulsions supplemented with vegetable powders

The effect of vegetable powders on the physicochemical stability of egg protein‐stabilised oil‐in‐water emulsions was studied. Vegetable powders (beetroot, broccoli, carrot, celery, green pea, red pepper, spinach, swede, tomato and yellow pea) were added at 2.5% (w/v) to emulsions prepared with rapeseed oil. The physical stability of the emulsions was characterised using the emulsifying activity (EAI) and the emulsifying stability indices (ESI) in addition to bright field microscopy. The oxidative stability of the emulsions was monitored by means of an accelerated oxidation test (Rancimat method). The addition of most vegetable powders did not markedly affect the physical stability of the emulsions although an adverse effect of tomato was observed. The oxidative stability of the emulsions was significantly improved in most cases as indicated by the Rancimat method with broccoli exhibiting the highest increase in induction time (98.2%) compared with the control. Both polar and nonpolar antioxidants are likely to contribute to the overall chemical stability of this complex food system in a concentration‐dependent manner.     

Retention of quality and nutritional value of 13 fresh-cut vegetables treated with low-dose radiation

Improving the microbial safety while maintaining quality of fresh fruits and vegetables will increase consumer confidence in fresh produce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of irradiation at 1 kGy, a dose that potentially inactivates E. coli O157:H7 by 5 logs, on the quality of 13 common fresh-cut vegetables: iceberg, romaine, green and red leaf lettuce, spinach, tomato, cilantro, parsley, green onion, carrot, broccoli, red cabbage, and celery. The results showed that the appearance of irradiated samples was similar to the nonirradiated ones except that irradiated carrots, celery, cilantro, and green onions had higher appearance scores than corresponding nonirradiated vegetables. There was no difference in the instrumental texture between irradiated samples and nonirradiated ones. The aroma of several irradiated vegetables was significantly better than controls after 14-d storage, because these control samples decayed or senesced. The 1 kGy irradiation did not affect vitamin C content of most vegetables; however, irradiated green and red leaf lettuce had 24% to 53% lower vitamin C contents than the controls. Our results suggest that most fresh-cut fruits and vegetables tested can tolerate up to 1 kGy irradiation without significant losses in any of the quality attributes.     

胡萝卜芹菜汁复合营养灌肠的研制

以胡萝卜和芹菜作为蔬菜原料,采用传统配料结合现代工艺制作胡萝卜芹菜汁复合营养灌肠。选取胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁、玉米淀粉和大豆组织蛋白作为单因素,并在单因素结果基础上进一步设计正交试验,结合感官评定、质构分析,研究胡萝卜芹菜复合营养灌肠的配方最佳配比。结果表明：胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁添加量对复合营养灌肠感官和风味形成影响最大,大豆组织蛋白对灌肠质构起关键作用;最佳配比为：胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁添加量18％、玉米淀粉添加量10％、大豆组织蛋白添加量6％。     

A survey of nitrate and oxalate content in fresh vegetables

A survey of nitrate and oxalate ((COO⁻)₂) content in fresh vegetables was conducted in Bari (Italy) over 15 months (from March 1994 to May 1995). A total of 327 samples (edible portions and related sub-samples) were taken from 26 different vegetable types on the wholesale fruit and vegetable market. The data revealed that leaf vegetables (namely rocket, celery, parsley and spinach) contained higher levels of nitrate than bulb, root, shoot, inflorescence and tuber vegetables. Higher oxalate levels were found in spinach and Swiss chard. Based on consumption data for the whole population provided by the National Institute of Nutrition, daily nitrate intake from vegetables was calculated to be 71 mg. Over 30% of nitrate intake was derived from the consumption of lettuce and Swiss chard. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

QuEChERS-HPLC法测定植物性食品中氟吗啉的残留量

以苹果、梨、葡萄、橘子、白菜、西兰花、菠菜、胡萝卜、番茄和黄瓜共10种植物性食品为研究对象,建立了植物性食品中氟吗啉残留量的QuEChERS-HPLC检测方法。样品经0.1%冰醋酸乙腈提取,醋酸钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,取上清液,加入伯仲胺粉分散固相萃取净化,用配有二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱测定,外标法定量。氟吗啉在0.1~2mg/L的范围内具有较好的线性关系,氟吗啉在0.1、0.2、0.5mg/kg三个添加水平平均回收率81%～116%,RSD2.3%~12.1%,定量限为0.05mg/kg。本方法前处理简单、快速,适用于多种植物性食品中氟吗啉残留量测定。     

5 种有机磷农药在10 种蔬菜水煮过程中的消解研究

采用气相色谱法检测乙酰甲胺磷、乐果、三唑磷、杀螟硫磷和毒死蜱5 种有机磷农药在黄瓜、茄子、圆青椒、大白菜、青菜、胡萝卜、包菜、芹菜、花菜和四季豆水煮过程中的残留情况。结果表明,水煮加工对5 种有机磷的残留量因不同蔬菜品种影响各有差异,乙酰甲胺磷的消解率71.1%～100% 之间,乐果的消解率在16.2%～45.6% 之间,三唑磷的消解率在40.1%～85.5% 之间,杀螟硫磷的消解率在25.8%～61.5% 之间,毒死蜱的消解率在12.8%～26.6% 之间。     

2018年蔬菜国家食品安全监督抽检结果分析

目的 分析2018年我国蔬菜的食品安全形势。方法 汇总2018年蔬菜国家食品安全监督抽检结果, 对不合格项目等信息进行分析。结果 2018年共抽检蔬菜2077批次, 检出不合格样品68批次, 总体合格率为96.7%。抽检的16种蔬菜中, 菠菜的合格率仅为85.2%, 芹菜、韭菜、普通白菜、豇豆的合格率分别为87.3%、89.8%、90.8%和94.4%, 姜和黄瓜的合格率分别为98.8%和99.4%, 其余9种蔬菜未检出不合格。菠菜、芹菜、普通白菜的不合格原因主要是毒死蜱超标, 韭菜的不合格原因主要是腐霉利超标。结论 菠菜、芹菜、韭菜、普通白菜的合格率偏低, 毒死蜱、腐霉利等农药超标是主要的食品安全问题。