无模板剂液相合成Ni(OH)2花状微球

采用一种简单的无模板剂液相合成方法制备了Ni(OH)2花状微球. 该Ni(OH)2花状微球由几十个相互连接的纳米片组成, 为α-Ni(OH)2和β-Ni(OH)2的混合晶型. 当溶液的其它条件固定时, Ni(OH)2花状微球的微观形貌随Ni(Ⅱ)浓度的变化而显著变化. 当溶液中Ni(Ⅱ)浓度为0.03 mol/L时, 花状微球粒径分布较均匀, 平均粒径约为2 μm, 微球由花瓣长度约为400 nm、厚度约为60 nm的纳米片花瓣组成. 通过观察反应过程中Ni(OH)2花状微球的微观形貌的变化, 提出了Ni(OH)2花状微球的纳米团聚-表面生长-表面溶解的形成机制.     

具有3个次级晶格结构的钛酸盐晶体[Ni(OH)1.115(H2O)0.885]1.22(Ti1.73O4)·1.65H2O的合成

以K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4为前驱物, 通过水热方法合成出一种新型多晶格化合物[Ni(OH)1.115(H2O)0.885]1.22(Ti1.73O4)·1.65H2O. 应用XRD, IR, TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对该化合物进行了表征. 结果表明, 在该化合物中, TiO2层和Ni(OH)2层沿c方向交替堆积, 分别形成3个次级晶格. 其中TiO2次级晶格属于正交晶系, 其可能的空间群是Pmmm, 晶格参数a=0.3875 nm, b=0.2976 nm, c=2.288 nm和α=β=γ=90°. 另外2个Ni(OH)2次级晶格具有相同的大小和对称性, 晶格参数a=b=0.3140 nm, c=2.288 nm, α=β=90°, γ=120°. TiO2次级晶格和Ni(OH)2次级晶格在ab平面二维方向上不匹配.     

体相掺钇、铝的α-Ni(OH)2的固相合成和高温电化性能

固相法合成含不同Y3 的铝基α-Ni(OH)2,样品的组成、晶相结构、表面形态等用XRD,SEM,FT-IR,AAS和CT等表征.用此材料组装成氢镍模拟电池.在不同温度下做了恒流充放电研究.结果表明,在30℃时Y3 使铝基α-Ni(OH)2电极材料的放电比容量稍有下降.而60℃时,在各实验倍率充放电情况下以掺Y(OH)3摩尔含量1.2%为合适比例,它比不掺钇的铝基α-Ni(OH)2放电比容量要高出17%～29%.高温放电电位也有所改善.对电极材料的高温性能改善的机制也做了探讨.     

掺钇α-Ni(OH)2的研究

采用均匀络合共沉淀法，首次合成出了掺杂钇基α-Ni(OH)2，并采用XRD，FTIR和SEM分析技术，对其结构及形貌进行了研究，电化学测试表明，所制得的掺杂钇基α－Ni(OH)2与掺铝的α－Ni(OH)2和球形β－Ni(OH)2相比，敲实密度1．6g/cm2，电化学比容量330mA.h/g以上，活性物质利用率大于95％，循环可逆性好等优点。     

负载型金基催化剂Au/Fe(OH)3催化苯乙烯环氧化反应

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Fe(OH)3催化剂, 以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂, 考察焙烧温度和金担载量等对苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响. 结果表明, 催化剂的焙烧温度、金担载量对苯乙烯环氧化反应有较大影响. 在室温下直接合成的质量分数为4.67%的Au/Fe(OH)3催化剂对苯乙烯环氧化反应显示了很好的催化活性, 于80 ℃反应3 h苯乙烯的转化率达到84.1%, 环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到71.5%. 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和Mössbauer分析, 发现催化剂的催化活性与金的价态及铁的化学存在状态有很大关系. 离子态Au3+与载体Fe(OH)3的协同作用对苯乙烯环氧化反应显示出很好的催化活性.     

球型Ni(OH)2表面包覆Y(OH)3及其高温充放电性能

应用共沉淀的方法在球型Ni(OH)₂的表面包覆了一层Y(OH)₃,并研究了包覆不同含钇量后的球型Ni(OH)₂的高温充放电性能。研究结果表明:包覆Y(OH)₃的球型Ni(OH)₂具有良好的高温充放电性能。其中1C充放电条件下,包覆量为0.3%的Ni(OH)₂较好,0.2C充放电条件下,包覆量为1%的Ni(OH)₂较好。     

掺杂NiO的Ni(OH)_2电化学性能研究

于Ni(OH)2中添加具有电容特性和大电流充放电性能良好的NiO.研究发现掺杂5%NiO的Ni(OH)2在0.2C倍率下放电容量可达310.1mAh/g,而3C放电容量还可以保持79.5%.其循环伏安扫描氧化还原峰电位差仅为164mV,表明该材料的循环可逆性好.由此可见在Ni(OH)2掺杂适量的NiO,对于Ni(OH)2的大电流充放电性能确有改进作用.     

CO32-/Co2+/Ni2+浓度对混合相纳米Ni(OH)2物化性能的影响

以NiCl2、Co(NO3)2、Na2CO3为主要原料,采用超声波辅助沉淀法制备了混合相纳米Ni(OH)2,研究了Co掺杂比例、缓冲剂Na2CO3用量及反应物Ni2+浓度对Ni(OH)2的晶相结构、形貌、粒径及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,混合相结构的α-Ni(OH)2成分随Co掺杂比例增大而增加。较高的CO32-和Ni2+浓度有利于α-Ni(OH)2的生成。TEM测试表明,样品晶粒呈针状形态,其长径比随着Na2CO3用量增加而减小,平均粒度在60~90 nm之间。将纳米样品以8wt%与工业用微米级β球镍混合制成复合电极,其电极的放电比容量随Na2CO3用量的增加先增大后减小。当Ni2+浓度为0.4 mol.L-1、Na2CO3用量为0.5 g时,其电极(Co含量1.02wt%)的充电效率最高,放电比容量最大,0.5C倍率下高达306.9 mAh.g-1,比纯球镍电极提高30%。探讨了复合电极能较大幅度提高放电比容量的机理,提出纳米α-Ni(OH)2同时充当活化中心起催化作用的观点。     

复合稀土对α-Ni0.8Co0.05Al0.15(OH)2.15-2y(CO3)y·xH2O电化学性能的影响

为了同时改善固相共沉积法合成的α-Ni0.8Co0.05Al0.15(OH)2.15-2y(CO3)y·xH2O的常、高温充放电性能,样品经混合掺杂不同比率的La2O3,Sm2O3,Y2O3,Lu2O3以及La2O3+Y2O3后,作为模拟MH/Ni电池的正极材料,在不同温度下由恒流充放电和循环伏安测定其电化学性能.结果表明:复合掺加0.5%La2O3+1.0%Y2O3(质量分数),在0.5C和5C充放电下,30℃时可分别提高样品的放电比容量3.3%和4.7%,60℃时可分别提高17.4%和19.9%.同时也改善了高温放电电位.     

核壳结构Ni(OH)x(x=2.01～2.15)电极材料的制备及电化学性能

采用化学氧化法制备了碱性二次电池用正极材料Ni(OH)x。采用SEM、TEM、XRD等手段表征了样品的形貌及物相特征,测定了样品的平均氧化态,并考察了其作为镍氢电池正极活性材料的电化学性能。结果表明:经过氧化处理的球形Ni(OH)2表面形成了β-NiOOH,呈现出明显的核壳式结构,制备的样品中Ni的平均氧化态分别为:2.01、2.05、2.13,nNi3 /nNi介于1%～15%之间,以制备的样品为正极材料组装成镍氢模拟电池在0.2C倍率下充放电,样品的放电容量为275±10mAh·g-1;1C充放电条件下,Ni平均氧化态为2.05的样品首次放电容量为268mAh·g-1,270次循环后容量保持率为98%。     

表面覆CoOOH的球形Ni(OH)2的制备及快充性能

应用化学沉淀-电化学氧化法,于球形N i(OH)2颗粒表面生成CoOOH包覆层,研究包覆处理对AA型高容MH/N i电池快充性能的影响,并由红外光谱和扫描电镜表征覆钴样品.结果表明,以包覆CoOOH的N i(OH)2作正极活性材料装配的电池较之于正极单一添加CoO的电池,其内阻降低了约3.4 mΩ,该电池快充时充电电压平台较低且在充电末期电池温度不超过55℃,首次放电效率达90.6%,快充循环寿命达300周次.     

Oscillatory electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on an Ni(OH)2 film electrode

A film of Ni(OH)₂ deposited cathodically on a roughened nickel substrate consists of even nanoparticles, which were characterized by atomic-force microscopy (AFM). The mechanism of potential oscillations in the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on this film electrode in alkaline medium was studied in situ by means of Raman spectroscopy in combination with electrochemical measurements. The redox change of the nickel hydroxide film, the concentration distribution of methanol in the diffusion layer, and the oxidation products of methanol were characterized in situ by time-resolved, spatial-resolved, and potential-dependent Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Electrochemical reactions, i.e. methanol oxidation and periodic oxygen evolution, coupling with alternately predominant diffusion and convection mass transfer of methanol, account for the potential oscillations that occur during oxidation of methanol above its limiting diffusion current. This mechanism is totally different from that of methanol oxidation on platinum electrodes, for which surface steps, i.e. formation and removal of CO_ad, are essential.This work is dedicated to Professor Gyorgy Horanyi on the occasion of his 70th birthday in recognition of his numerous contributions to field of electrochemical oscillations and electrocatalysis at Ni-hydroxide electrodes.     

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical application of Ca(OH)2-, Co(OH)2-, and Y(OH)3-Coated Ni(OH)2 tubes

We report on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical application of Ca(OH)2-, Co(OH)2-, and Y(OH)3-coated Ni(OH)2 tubes with mesoscale dimensions. These composite tubes were prepared via a two-step chemical precipitation within an anodic alumina membrane under ambient conditions. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the size of the tubes was of mesoscale dimension and the proportion of the tube morphology was about 95%. The as-prepared composite tubes were further investigated as the positive-electrode materials of rechargeable alkaline batteries. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the Ni(OH)2 tubes coated with Ca(OH)2, Co(OH)2, and Y(OH)3 exhibited superior electrode properties including high discharge capacity, excellent high-temperature and high-rate discharge ability, and good cycling reversibility. The mechanism analysis suggests that both the coated layers and the unique hollow-tube structures play an indispensable role in optimizing the electrochemical performance of nickel hydroxide electrodes.     

焦粉活性炭/Al-Ni(OH)2复合电极材料的制备及其超级容器性能

以焦粉为原料,用HNO3预处理除灰,采用KOH浸渍-煅烧活化法制备焦粉活性炭(CPAC),通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等表征其形貌,采用BET测试其比表面积、孔结构及孔径分布。初步考察了活化温度、活化时间等对焦粉活性炭电极材料电化学性能的影响。采用共沉淀法制备CPAC/Al-Ni(OH)2复合电极材料,通过恒电流充放电测试及循环伏安测试表征CPAC/Al-Ni(OH)2复合电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,当活化温度为800℃、活化时间为3 h制得的焦粉活性炭电极材料的电化学性能最佳,比电容达到211 F/g。CPAC-800℃-3 h/Al-Ni(OH)2复合电极材料随Al掺杂量的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在固定Al质量掺杂量为4%,炭镍质量比为1∶1时所得复合材料的比电容量最大:1173.6 F/g。恒电流充放电及循环伏安测试表明Al掺杂量为4%、炭镍比为1∶1的复合材料具有较好的电化学性能。     

Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂上CO2和CH3 OH的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂,利用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2和CH3OH的化学吸附和反应性能.结果表明:Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2中Ni2+与载体SiO2表面O2-以双齿配位形式键合,甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2(OCH3)2;CO2在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酯基物种和桥式两种吸附态,CH3OH则只有一种分子吸附态;在100～200℃条件下,CO2和CH3OH在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H2O;根据反应结果,讨论了催化反应机理.     

Alkali-induced Transformation of Ni-MOF into Ni(OH)2 Nanostructured Flowers for Efficient Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Post treatment of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is widely employed to develop efficient electrocatalysts with better catalytic properties. But the complex processes of post treatment generally led to the collapse of the original structures of MOFs, making the preservation of their pristine hierarchical porous structure a great challenge. Herein, we propose the strategy of alkali treatment of Ni-MOF to transform it into Ni(OH)₂ with similar morphology and enhanced electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The structure and electrocatalytic properties of as-obtained Ni(OH)₂ nanostructured flowers were seriously depended on the alkali concentrations. As the result, Ni(OH)₂ obtained from Ni-MOF treated by 0.25 M NaOH (noted as Ni(OH)₂-0.25) performs 1.5 and 2.5 times larger current density than those of Ni(OH)₂-0.025 and Ni(OH)₂-0.5 for MOR. Moreover, the electrocatalytic process and mechanism of MOR on the catalyst of Ni(OH)₂-0.25 are also revealed. Hence, this ex situ conversion strategy of alkali treatment for Ni-MOF uncovered the transformation of MOFs in alkaline solution and develops robust electrocatalyst for practical application of methanol fuel cells.     

配位-沉淀法制备Ni(OH)2和NiO超微粉

本工作采用配位 -沉淀法成功的制备了薄片形氢氧化镍和氧化镍超微粉末 ,通过 XRD、TG-DTA、IR及 TEM等实验手段对超微粉的组成结构进行分析表征。     

Mn、Mg共掺杂Ni(OH)2的电化学性能

采用缓冲溶液法制备复合掺杂Mn、Mg的正极材料Ni0.82Mn0.18-xMgx(OH)2(x=0.06、0.09、0.12)。采用XRD、XPS和SEM等测试表征材料的晶体结构、锰价态和形貌,采用循环伏安和恒流充放电测试研究Mn、Mg不同掺杂比例对氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Mn、Mg掺杂样品均为β相,晶粒细化;Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2样品具有优异的电极反应可逆性和充放电性能,100 mA·g^-1电流密度下的放电比容量(290.6 mAh·g^-1)优于商用β-Ni(OH)2(281.1 mAh·g^-1);且500 mA·g^-1电流密度下循环30圈后,Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2的放电比容量未见衰减,其循环稳定性优于商用β-Ni(OH)2。