前庭水管扩大综合征患者的人工耳蜗植入术

目的 评价前庭水管扩大综合征患者人工耳蜗植入术的安全性和可行性。方法 1995年5月1日～2002年6月1日因双耳重-极重度感音神经性聋在北京协和医院接受人工耳蜗植入术的患者312例中诊断为双耳前庭水管扩大者10例(3．2％)，其中语前聋7例，语后聋3例。回顾性分析这10例患者的临床资料。结果 10例患者人工耳蜗电极植入顺利，8例耳蜗底回开窗时发生轻度井喷，迅速用颞肌筋膜牢固封闭圆窗制止井喷。全部患者术后未出现脑脊液漏、颅内感染、面瘫、中耳炎等并发症。开机6个月时8例患者具有开放性言语识别力，已进入普通学校(幼儿园、小学、大学)就读。另2例语前聋的幼儿视觉强化测听听阈达40dB HL，与其他无内耳畸形的全聋儿童术后效果差异无显著性。全聋前语言能力较好的5例患者术后语言能力明显好于语前聋的患者，语言交流基本听不出聋人特有的语音特征。另5例患者语言均有不同程度的进步。结论 尽管前庭水管扩大患者在人工耳蜗植入术中可能出现井喷，但术后未出现并发症且听力-言语康复效果好，因此重-极重度聋的前庭水管扩大综合征患者行人工耳蜗植入术是安全可行的。     

人工耳蜗在前庭水管扩大患者中的应用

目的　研究前庭水管扩大患者人工耳蜗植入手术的经验。方法　对 15例 (15耳 )双侧前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术 ,并对术后结果进行随访。经面隐窝径路行人工耳蜗植入术 ,在圆窗龛前下方行鼓岬钻孔 ,植入多导人工耳蜗电极。结果　①术中电极完全插入耳蜗 ,其中 6耳出现轻微井喷 ;②术后无面瘫、脑脊液耳漏等并发症 ;③所有患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉 ;④术后听阈与耳蜗结构正常植入患者无明显区别 (自由声场平均听阈 30dBHL) ;⑤术后语训在北京同仁医院或中国聋儿康复中心进行 ,听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高 ,其中 2例患者已经进入正常学校就读。结论　前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入与耳蜗结构正常患者植入术后效果基本一致 ,人工耳蜗植入可以作为前庭水管扩大伴有重度感音神经性聋的治疗和康复手段     

人工耳蜗在前庭水管扩大患者中的应用

目的 研究前庭水管扩大患者人工耳蜗植入手术的经验。方法 对15例(15耳)双侧前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术，并对术后结果进行随访。经面隐窝径路行人工耳蜗植入术，在圆窗龛前下方行鼓岬钻孔，植入多导人工耳蜗电极。结果 ①术中电极完全插入耳蜗，其中6耳出现轻微井喷；②术后无面瘫、脑脊液耳漏等并发症；③所有患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉；④术后听阈与耳蜗结构正常植入患者无明显区别(自由声场平均听阈30dBHL)；⑤术后语训在北京同仁医院或中国聋儿康复中心进行，听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高，其中2例患者已经进人正常学校就读。结论 前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入与耳蜗结构正常患者植入术后效果基本一致，人工耳蜗植入可以作为前庭水管扩大伴有重度感音神经性聋的治疗和康复手段。     

先天性语前聋中国儿童双耳人工耳蜗植入疗效观察

目的：评估双侧耳人工耳蜗植入对极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿的听觉与言语康复疗效。方法：2例先天性极重度感音神经性聋儿童，单侧耳人工耳蜗植入术后2年和3年分别施行对侧耳人工耳蜗植入。术后1年评估患儿左、右耳单耳及双耳人工耳蜗助听听阈和言语识别率。以及言语清晰度。结果：①双耳人工耳蜗助听与单耳人工耳蜗助听相比。平均听阈降低分别为13dB和11dB；②在安静环境中双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别平均提高为9％和10％，2例双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别达97％和95％；③在嘈杂环境中对言语的识别能力明显提高；④言语清晰度有明显改善。结论：双耳人工耳蜗植入可明显提高极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿在安静和噪声环境下的言语识别率，对语前聋儿童的言语和语言发育有明显的帮助。     

听神经病患者人工耳蜗植入后听觉言语康复效果分析

目的评价重度或极重度听力损失听神经病(Auditory neuropathy,AN)患者人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉言语康复效果。方法用纯音听阈、听觉行为分级标准(Categorise of Auditory Performance,CAP)、言语可懂度分级标准(speech Intelligibility Rating,SIR)、有意义听觉整合量表(meaningful auditor integration scale,MAIS),对行人工耳蜗植入术的18例重度或极重度听力损失语前聋AN患者、4例重度或极重度听力损失语后聋AN患者进行术后效果调查,并与非综合症且无明显病因的重度或极重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入患者比较,用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。结果 11例AN患者术后平均助听听阈(250Hz、500 Hz、1000 Hz、2000 Hz、4000 Hz)为(38.64±6.36)d B HL。AN组语前聋患者术后发声情况得分、对声音的自发性觉察能力得分与对照组语前聋患者术后得分相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而对声音的理解能力得分、MAIS总得分与对照组语前聋患者术后得分相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),AN组语前聋患者对声音的理解能力得分、MAIS总得分均低于对照组语前聋患者得分。AN组语后聋患者术后CAP评分、SIR评分与对照组语后聋患者术后评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论重度或极重度听力损失语前聋AN患者人工耳蜗植入术后的发声情况、对声音的自发性觉察能力与耳蜗形态正常且无任何已知综合症的重度或极重度感音神经性聋语前聋患者术后无明显差异,但是重度或极重度听力损失语前聋AN患者人工耳蜗植入术后对声音的理解能力明显低于耳蜗形态正常且无任何已知综合症的重度或极重度感音神经性聋语前聋患者术后对声音的理解能力。重度或极重度听力损失语后聋AN患者人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语能力与耳蜗形态正常且无任何已知综合症的重度或极重度感音神经性聋语后聋患者术后无明显差异。     

大前庭水管语前聋患儿的人工耳蜗植入

目的探讨大前庭水管语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入手术方法及可行性,并对术后听觉言语康复效果进行评估。方法回顾性分析2001年7月～2011年9月收治的27例大前庭水管语前聋患儿的临床资料,均为极重度聋或全聋,其中男19例,女8例,年龄1.6～4.0岁,平均2.5岁。均行右耳人工耳蜗植入,于术后6个月行声场测听,测试言语频率平均听阈,开机训练1年后,进行限定词表言语测听及非限定词表言语测听评估听力康复效果。结果 27例患儿中,术中发生"井喷"者4例,经术中采用小块肌肉或筋膜严密封堵电极周围空隙,有效防止了外淋巴漏。术后经开机康复训练6个月后,声场测听言语频率平均听阈为25～30dB nHL,平均27.5±4.5dBnHL;开机训练1年后,限定词表言语测听言语识别率平均为83.3%,非限定词表言语测听言语识别率平均为81.6%。结论大前庭水管语前聋患者可行人工耳蜗植入;术前完善的影像学评估、良好的手术视野以及术中严密封堵电极周围空隙是预防"井喷"及手术成功的关键;术后听觉言语康复效果满意。     

人工耳蜗植入在大前庭水管综合征儿童中的应用

目的探讨大前庭水管综合征患儿行人工耳蜗植入手术的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析17例患大前庭水管综合征的患儿行多导人工耳蜗植入术的临床资料，随访分析其术后结果。结果所有患儿均顺利植入电极。3例出现井喷，2例出现外淋巴液不同程度的搏动。术后无并发症发生。语言频率平均听阈由术前101．8±14．0dBHL提升至术后30．3±3．4 dB HL，言语康复情况良好。结论人工耳蜗植入可改善大前庭水管综合征患者的听力言语康复情况。     

内耳畸形语前聋患儿人工耳蜗术后康复效果分析

目的　评估内耳畸形语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入术后康复结果。方法　回顾性分析术前影像学检查为内耳畸形语前聋人工耳蜗21例,并筛选背景接近的21例正常耳蜗结构语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿配对组合。对患者术前、术后6个月及术后1年3个阶段听力言语康复效果进行评估。结果　9例前庭导水管扩大综合征和6例Mondini 畸形患者与耳蜗结构正常者相比,听觉言语结果无明显差异。畸形比较严重的1例Mondini和5例共同腔患者与耳蜗正常者相比,听觉言语结果有明显的差异。结论　前庭导水管扩大综合征患者人工耳蜗术后效果与耳蜗发育正常者相似,但对严重的Mondini 畸形和共同腔等内耳畸形者行人工耳蜗植入时术前应准确评估畸形的程度及伴发的畸形,以助于术后制定康复方案。     

先天性内耳畸形的人工耳蜗植入

目的　探讨先天性内耳畸形引起重度感音神经性聋者人工耳蜗植入的有关问题。方法　 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 4月间对内耳畸形引起极重度感音神经性聋 18例进行了人工耳蜗植入术。结果　 18例中前庭水管 11例 ,Waardenburg综合征 3例 ,Mondini畸形 3例 ,Usher综合征 1例。全部病例采用Nucleus 2 4型人工耳蜗 ,其中对前庭水管 5例采用Contour植入体 ,其余病例采用直电极植入体。术中发现前庭水管 11例开骨窗后仅有外淋巴搏动 ,但无井喷 (脑脊液漏 ) ,电极植入顺利。Waardenburg综合征 3例和Mondini畸形 3例中各有 1例伴发圆窗骨性封闭畸形。 结论　前庭水管者人工耳蜗植入手术顺利 ,术后效果与耳蜗发育正常者相同。如Mondini和CommonCavity等内耳畸形者行人工耳蜗植入时术前应准确评估畸形的程度及伴发的畸形 ,要充分估计手术难度和避免术后可能出现的脑脊液耳鼻漏及其颅内感染     

晚期梅尼埃病人工耳蜗植入研究并文献复习

目的回顾性分析5例晚期梅尼埃病致双耳极重度感音神经性耳聋患者行人工耳蜗植入术的效果。方法 2006～2011年收集5例晚期梅尼埃病致双耳极重度感音神经性耳聋患者行人工耳蜗植入术,分析患者的术前资料、术中及术后听力、耳鸣及眩晕情况,并复习文献对梅尼埃病行人工耳蜗植入术的适应证、可行性、术前及术后处理等情况进行讨论。结果 5例患者术中均无"井喷"现象出现,术后听力均恢复良好,语言交流能力明显提高,可进行电话交流;其中3例耳鸣消失,2例耳鸣明显减轻;2例术后数天内出现一过性眩晕,治疗后无再出现眩晕发作。结论在眩晕得到控制的前提下,晚期梅尼埃病致双耳极重度感音神经性聋的患者行人工耳蜗植入是可行的,但其确切疗效和转归仍需大宗病例及长期追踪随访。     

Cochlear implant in a patient with dilatation of the endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct

We present an 8 years patient old with a giant dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct associated with profound and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The patient received a cochlear implant and during the surgery a pulsatile clear fluid via the cochleostomy was observed, without gusher. We present all the problems, and offer some advices for this kind of surgery.     

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome in patients with hypoacusis and deafness

In 1978 Valvassori and Clemis have reported that enlarged vestibular aqueduct can cause progressive perceptive hearing loss and finally deafness. AIM: Analysis of CT scans of patients with cochlear implants. Analysis of radiological data of 120 implanted patients was performed. CT examinations were performed during qualification to cochlear implantation. Most of the CT scans were performed using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). A special attention was paid to patients with progressive perceptive hearing loss and CT of two patients with "gusher" during CI surgery. In one case (6-years old girl with bilateral profound perceptive hearing loss diagnosed in 2nd year of age) an enlarged vestibular aqueduct was found radiologically. In the second case (16 years old girl with progressive perceptive hearing loss since 1st year of age) no enlarged vestibular aqueduct was detected. Diagnostics and treatment of enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome are presented.     

内耳畸形聋儿人工耳蜗植入术常见类型及手术并发症

目的 探讨内耳畸形聋儿实施人工耳蜗植入术时常见的类型及并发症。方法 回顾性分析电子耳蜗植入术病历资料170例,对其中的32例双侧内耳畸形患者加以畸形类型及手术并发症总结。结果 ①人工耳蜗植入患儿内耳畸形所占比例(32/170,18.8%)明显高于其他文献报道;②32例内耳畸形中,大前庭导水管23例(占全部畸形数71.3%),大前庭导水管伴其他类型畸形者5例(并发Mondini畸形4例,并发外半规管未发育1例),Mondini畸形2例,Mondini畸形并发外半规管未发育前庭腔扩大1例,耳蜗CT影像疑似为“三叉”无法分类1例;③术中发生严重井喷3例(耳蜗CT影像疑似为“三叉”畸形、Mondini畸形并发外半规管未发育前庭腔扩大1例,及大前庭导水管并发Mondini畸形1例);④耳蜗影像疑似为“三叉”患者,术中发生严重井喷,电极植入困难,4个电极不能植入,术后听力未改善,半年后行对侧耳植入成功;⑤Mondini畸形并发外半规管未发育前庭腔扩大患儿术后半年并发脑脊液耳鼻漏、反复脑膜炎发作,术后1年行手术探查,后治愈。结论 ①人工耳蜗植入常见的内耳畸形包括,大前庭导水管综合征及其相伴发或单发的各类内耳畸形;②内耳畸形非人工耳蜗植入术的绝对禁忌证,但术中严重井喷多见,电极植入不完全多见,术后脑脊液耳鼻漏并发脑膜炎也多发生于畸形耳蜗,术前详细的影像学检查可以对各类畸形进行详细分类,并在术前对手术难度有充分的准备,可以减少相关并发症的发生。     

Cochlear implants in children with enlargement of vestibular aqueduct]

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical experiences with multi-channel cochlear implantation in the children with enlargement of vestibular aqueduct. METHOD: Fifteen patients were diagnosed with enlargement of vestibular aqueduct and received multi-channel cochlear implantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital. A cochleostomy was performed for all patients by a standard facial recess approach to anterior inferior to the round window niche. RESULTS: (1) Most of the electrodes were totally inserted in the cochlear, and gusher appeared in 6 implantations. (2) No serious complications occurred after implantation. (3) All patients have auditory sensations after implantations. (4) The hearing threshold in this series were similar to that of the normal cochlear implantation (the average threshold was 30 dB). (5) The rehabilitation concept was developed by Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children in Beijing and Beijing Tongren Hospital. The training sessions included sound detection, word discrimination, auditory comprehension and spoken language skill development. The abilities of speech discrimination and spoken language were improved comparing with that of pre-operation. Two of the patients could go to the normal school after implantations. CONCLUSION: The outcome of hearing rehabilitation for children with enlargement of vestibular aqueduct were similar to those children with "normal" cochlear structure followed the multi-channel cochlear implantation.     

大前庭水管综合征术前的影像学表现与人工耳蜗手术所见

目的 探讨大前庭水管综合征患儿术前影像学评估对人工耳蜗植入术的指导作用.方法 2010年3月至2011年1月间对7例大前庭水管综合征患儿进行了人工耳蜗术前影像学评估及人工耳蜗植入术.结果 7例患儿术中发现开窗后2例井喷,4例搏动,1例既无井喷亦无波动.结论 不合并内耳其他畸形的单纯前庭导水管扩大的患儿术中并不会引起井喷,仅在颅压过大时出现脑脊液搏动,只有合并内耳道底骨性缺损的患儿才会出现井喷.     

Cochlear implantation in Pendred syndrome

Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the anatomical, audiological, and surgical factors that can affect the hearing outcome in Pendred syndrome cochlear implant recipients. Patients with Pendred syndrome represent challenging cochlear implant candidates, combining goiter, severe-to-profound hearing loss, and inner-ear dysplasias. The hearing outcome and further relevant parameters in such patients have not been adequately evaluated yet.

Material and methods

Retrospective study in a tertiary referral cochlear implant centre. Data of patients with Pendred syndrome, who had undergone cochlear implantation in the 10-year period 1999–2008, were evaluated.

Results

Five cochlear implant recipients with Pendred syndrome were identified, four unilateral and one bilateral. The average postoperative follow-up duration for these patients was 4.8 years. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini dysplasia were the most common anatomical findings. Although these anatomical variances did not affect the electrode insertion, they prolonged the duration of the surgery. Cerebrospinal fluid gusher was the most common intraoperative complication. All patients enjoyed satisfactory hearing rehabilitation.

Discussion

Cochlear implantation is the proper method for optimal hearing rehabilitation in patients with Pendred syndrome. Although the precise pathogenetic mechanism and the genetic background of deafness in Pendred syndrome have not been completely understood, the preexisting hearing experience represents a positive factor for satisfying hearing outcome. The inner-ear malformations can cause mild surgical difficulties and extended surgery duration. The cochlear implant surgeon should be aware of these difficulties to avoid complications.     

人工耳蜗植入术围手术期处理及注意事项

目的 探讨人工耳蜗植入手术的围手术期处理方法及注意事项,旨在提高人工耳蜗植入成功率及术后言语效果, 减少失误及并发症。方法 回顾性分析61例人工耳蜗植入手术患者病历资料, 总结术前检查筛选、围手术期并发症及其处理、术后调机等多方面的注意要点。结果 本组患者61例, 包括语前聋、语后聋、大前庭导水管综合征、 Mondini畸形、合并存在大前庭导水管综合征及Mondini畸形、合并脑白质异常和再植入这几种不同情况, 术后均取得良好效果。结论 人工耳蜗植入术的前提是术前一定要对患者进行准确有效的评估, 进行植入手术时操作规范化、流程化, 但同时要兼顾不同患者的个体性差异, 术后系统调机和听觉言语康复训练也十分重要。     

大前庭水管综合征患者人工耳蜗植入效果分析

目的：分析大前庭水管综合征（large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS）患者人工耳蜗植入的疗效。方法回顾性分析37例行人工耳蜗植入术的LVAS患者（LVAS组）的临床资料,另选择临床资料相匹配37例耳蜗结构正常的人工耳蜗植入患者作为对照组,分别于人工耳蜗植入术前和术后3、6、9、12个月评估其言语识别率、听觉行为分级（categories of auditory performance,CAP）和言语可懂度分级（speech intelligibility rating, SIR）。结果①37例LVAS患者术中有5例（5耳）出现严重井喷,20例（20耳）耳蜗钻孔后出现外淋巴液不同程度波动,对照组均未出现“井喷”现象;两组电极均成功植入;两组术后均无面瘫、脑脊液漏、脑膜炎等并发症;②开机调试时两组电极阻抗值、电极反应阈值（T值）及最大舒适阈值（C值）差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,术后3、6、9、12个月两组的言语识别率、CAP、SIR评分均随着康复时间的延长而逐渐提高,在相同的康复时间段,两组之间各项康复指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;③术中发生“井喷”与未发生“井喷”的LVAS患者之间术后康复效果差异也无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论人工耳蜗植入可作为LVAS患者听觉康复的手段,其听觉康复效果与内耳发育正常的人工耳蜗植入患者接近。