淋巴细胞性垂体炎诊断和鉴别诊断

淋巴细胞性垂体炎是一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病,以垂体淋巴细胞浸润为特征。随着散发病例的累积和影像学技术的发展,人们对该病的认识水平逐渐提高,根据患者临床表现、实验室检查和典型的影像学表现,即使没有获得病理标本,也可临床诊断。该病患病率低,临床表现多样,极易漏诊、误诊,需与垂体腺瘤、颅咽管瘤、生殖细胞瘤、垂体脓肿、Rathke囊肿、继发性垂体炎、垂体转移瘤等疾病鉴别。     

淋巴细胞性垂体炎的研究进展

淋巴细胞性垂体炎是一种少见的自身免疫性内分泌疾病,好发于妊娠后期或产后年轻妇女,以垂体扩大、淋巴细胞浸润和垂体功能减退为特征。临床表现多变,手术是目前确诊和治疗的主要手段。开发具有确诊价值的血清学检查指标是今后研究的重点。     

淋巴细胞性垂体炎的研究进展

淋巴细胞性垂体炎是一种少见的自身免疫性内分泌疾病，好发于妊娠后期或产后年轻妇女，以垂体扩大，淋巴细胞浸润和垂体功能减退为特征，临床表现多变，手术是目前确诊和治疗的主要手段，开发具有确诊价值的血清学检查指标是今后研究的重点。     

妊娠与淋巴细胞性垂体炎

淋巴细胞性垂体炎(lymphocytic hypophysitis,LYH)是一种较为少见的自身免疫性疾病,女性多见,且与妊娠密切相关。LYH患者的临床表现与疾病进展速度、病变范围、严重程度、疾病进展阶段有关,可表现为占位效应、部分或全垂体前叶功能减退、中枢性尿崩症等。妊娠期女性的垂体解剖结构和垂体相关激素水平发生变化...     

关于淋巴细胞性垂体炎临床思考

淋巴细胞性垂体炎是临床上比较容易见到的疾病,但临床表现却不尽相同。垂体发病的人数远远超过想象,对中国人口质量的影响巨大。教科书中的诊断标准过于苛刻,所以明确诊断也十分困难,误诊和漏诊的病人很多。其既可以单独存在,也可以与糖尿病、甲状腺功能亢进、骨病或其他自身免疫性疾病同时发生。垂体肾上腺轴、甲状腺轴和性腺轴均低下者较少,但部分异常也是重要证据。对于临床特点、实验室检查和影像学表现整合起来分析,才能怀疑为垂体炎。在除外其他可引起垂体炎的继发性原因后,如结核、梅毒、朗罕氏细胞增多症、噬伊红肉芽肿等,临床可考虑为淋巴细胞性垂体炎,有文献认为大剂量糖皮质激素可用于诊断性治疗。小剂量的环孢素A(25 mg,每日2次)可以推荐使用治疗该病,但要注意肝损害。垂体活检的病理是诊断淋巴细胞性垂体炎的金标准。     

伴有泪腺炎的淋巴细胞性垂体炎

淋巴细胞性垂体炎是一种少见的自身免疫性疾病，本例的临床症状包括眼睑肿胀，垂体前叶功能低下和中枢性尿崩症，MRI显示双侧眼睑肿胀，双泪腺增大，各眼外肌未见异常，垂体柄明显增粗，垂体后叶高信号消失，垂体前叶未见异常。泪腺活检显示淋巴细胞浸润。经大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗后，垂体病变和眼睑肿胀均在短期内显著减轻，临床诊断为伴有泪腺炎的淋巴细胞性垂体炎。     

淋巴细胞性垂体炎12例临床分析

淋巴细胞性垂体炎（lymphoeytic hypophysitis，LH）是一种极少见的垂体病变，自1962年Goudie和Pinkerton首次报道以来，已有超过100多例的报道，发病率近年有逐渐上升趋势。我们回顾性分析了北京协和医院1987—2005年12例LH患者的临床症状、体征、MRI改变的特点及治疗方式，以期对此种疾病能加深认识，提高临床诊断水平。     

1例产后淋巴细胞性垂体炎的糖皮质激素治疗及文献复习

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以"垂体占位"为影像学表现并自发缓解的淋巴细胞性垂体炎一例

淋巴细胞性垂体炎(LyH)是一种少见的自身免疫病,本文报道1例影像显示"垂体占位"并自发缓解的LyH患者,经临床观察及文献复习,有理由认为对于临床症状轻微、占位效应不明显者,随访观察或生理剂量替代治疗可能是更加个体化的治疗策略。     

原发性垂体炎

原发性垂体炎可分为3种类型：淋巴细胞性垂体炎、肉芽肿性垂体炎、黄瘤病性垂体炎。原发性垂体炎发病率较低，多数在手术后根据病理结果得以确诊。目前认为它是一种器官特异性自身免疫性疾病。临床表现和影像学特点与垂体肿瘤相似，但内分泌学检查和病理学特点与垂体肿瘤不同。激素冲击治疗和手术治疗是两种治疗手段。     

糖皮质激素联合硫唑嘌呤治疗复发性淋巴细胞性垂体炎三例报道

报道3例复发性淋巴细胞性垂体炎(LYH)患者均为女性,其中病例2为老年女性.病例1主要累及垂体前叶,并侵犯海绵窦和视交叉,病例2则主要累及下丘脑和漏斗部,病例3则是垂体前叶和垂体柄均受累.病例1手术后4个月第一次复发,给予大剂量甲基泼尼龙治疗(HDMPT)有效,但停药后14个月再次复发;病例2中等剂量强的松治疗停药16个月后复发,而病例3则在HDMPT治疗,糖皮质激素减量的过程中复发.3例患者复发后均以糖皮质激素联合硫唑嘌呤治疗16周,疗效良好,停药后随访3例患者,MRI显示LYH均无复发,而且病例1和3垂体功能正常.

Abstract：

All three cases of recurrent lymphocytic hypophysitis were female, one of them being 70-yearold postmenopausal woman.Adenohypophysis, cavernous sinus, and optic chiasm were involved in case 1,hypothalamus and neurohypophysis were invaded in case 2, and adenohypophysis and hypophyseal stalk were involved in case 3.Relapse occured 4 months after operation in case 1, then high dosage methylprednisolone pulse therapy (HDMPT) brought about a remission lasting for 14 months before second relapse set in.Relapse occurred in case 2 at 16 months after prednisone treatment was discontinued, and case 3 recurred during the period of dose reduction.All three patients were then treated with glucocorticoid plus azathioprine for 16 weeks, and good response was seen in 3 cases.During follow-up, the symptoms were relieved and significant reduction of lesion was revealed by MRI in all thee patients, and the pituitary function was resumed in case1and 3.     

Lymphocytic hypophysitis: Disease spectrum and approach to diagnosis and therapy

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) is a neuroendocrine disorder characterized by autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary gland with various degrees of pituitary dysfunction. The histopathology consists of an initial monoclonal lymphocytic infiltrate, which can heal with minimal sequela or progress to fibrosis and result in permanent hypopituitarism. Coexistence of other autoimmune conditions is reported in 25–50% of cases and pituitary autoantibodies have been detected in up to 70% of biopsy-proven cases. The clinical presentation varies depending on the pituitary segment that is more severely affected. In lymphocytic adenohypophysitis (LAH) an early destruction of the ACTH-producing cells is characteristic. Other anterior pituitary hormones can also be affected but posterior pituitary involvement is absent or minimum. Lymphocytic Infundibuloneurohypophysitis (LINH) typically presents as acute onset diabetes insipidus (DI) with intracranial mass-effect symptoms. A combination of extensive anterior pituitary involvement and DI characterizes lymphocytic Infudibulopanhypophysitis (LIPH). The diagnosis can be challenging in many cases, because distinction from pituitary adenomas and other sellar masses is not obvious. Significant efforts have been made to identify specific serum markers, but it would seem unlikely that this approach will ever have the specificity to replace histopathological examination of a surgical specimen. Diagnostic criteria have been proposed to help in the decision-making process and to avoid, whenever possible, unnecessary invasive procedures. The therapeutic approach is controversial and, although transsphenoidal surgery is often performed, a conservative medical management is justified in many cases, given the self-limited nature of the inflammatory process. This paper reviews the etiology, epidemiology, clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis and management of LYH.     

自身免疫性垂体炎的研究进展

自身免疫性垂体炎是一种罕见的内分泌疾病，多发生于妊娠或产后。其发病机制不明，临床表现多变，主要包括垂体压迫、腺垂体功能减退症、尿崩症和高催乳素血症等相关症状。治疗目的主要是减小垂体肿块的大小和（或）替代有缺陷的内分泌功能。多数患者需要长期使用激素替代治疗。     

痛风的诊断与治疗

正常情况下,人体每天尿酸的产生和排泄基本上保持动态平衡,凡是影响血尿酸生成和(或)排泄的因素均可以导致血尿酸水平增加.约有5％～12％的高尿酸血症患者最终会发展成为痛风.痛风的诊断标准有罗马标准、纽约标准、美国风湿病学会(ACR)标准、欧洲抗风湿病联盟(EULAR)关于痛风的诊断建议.痛风急性发作期的治疗包括卧床休息、...     

终末期肝病的诊疗现状

终末期肝病（end-stage liver disease,ESLD）并无严格的定义,文献中多用来泛指各种慢性肝脏损害所导致的肝病晚期阶段,其主要特征为肝细胞功能不能满足人体的生理需求。这与2006年《肝衰竭诊疗指南》中规定慢性肝衰竭（chronic liver failure, CLF）的定义极为相似：在肝硬化基础上,     

Pitfalls and errors in the diagnosis of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis

The diagnosis of both CC and LC is based on a compatible clinical picture and well-established objective histological criteria. The motivation degree of the involved physicians is essential in the diagnosis of microscopic colitis. The gastroenterologist should refer every patient with chronic watery diarrhea to perform a colonoscopy in spite of the benign course of the disease and the absence of alarm symptoms or signs. The endoscopist should take multiple stepwise biopsy samples of the colonic mucosa despite that the mucosa looked macroscopically normal. Finally, the pathologist should be motivated to use objective histological criteria to make the diagnosis. In this context, it is important to define the terminology as clearly as possible to avoid confusion.