急性脑梗死机械取栓术后补救性支架置入16例临床效果分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死机械取栓术后补救性支架植入术的有效性与安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2018年12月解放军联勤保障部队第985医院急性脑梗死机械取栓术后前向血流不能维持,采取补救性支架置入的16例患者临床资料,分析其术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、术后血管再通程度[脑梗死溶栓(thrombolysis incerebral infarction,TICI)分级]、机械取栓次数、术后血管再闭塞率、颅内出血发生率、术后1周NIHSS评分、90 d临床良好预后[改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRs)=0~2分]比率等指标。结果16例患者机械取栓后共补救性置入支架16枚(其中Solitaire支架15枚,阿波罗支架1枚),TICI=3级者12例,TICI=2b级者4例。平均取栓次数为(3.25±1.09)次。7例存在局限性狭窄,支架置入前进行球囊扩张。从发病到血管再通时间为(10.96±3.24)h。术后24 h复查计算机断层摄影血管造影术(computed tomography angiography,CTA),显示血管再闭塞者3例,颅内出血3例(均<10 ml)。去骨瓣减压术2例,术前NIHSS评分(24.25±4.58)分,术后1周(7.44±5.09)分。90 d良好预后(mRs≤2)10例,死亡1例(肺部感染)。结论急性脑梗死机械取栓后,存在重度狭窄或前向血流不能维持时,采取Solitaire支架或其他支架补救性置入,并发症较少,临床效果较好。     

支架取栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死预后的影响因素分析

目的 探讨支架取栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者预后的影响因素。方法 回顾分析连续收治的支架取栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者50例,采用术后90天改良Rankin（mRS）评分分为远期预后良好（mRS≤2）组29例和远期预后不良（mRS≥3）组21例。对两组患者基线资料（基础疾病、性别、年龄、术前ASPECT评分、术前NIHSS评分）、诊疗情况（发病至血管再通时间、责任闭塞动脉、侧支循环、取栓次数、复合再通方式）、诊疗结果（血管再通率、术后24小时NIHSS评分、颅内出血转化、死亡）等进行单因素对比,单因素对比差异有统计学意义的变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析以明确影响患者预后的独立因素。结果 两组在合并糖尿病、术前NIHSS评分、侧支循环、术后24小时NIHSS评分、责任闭塞动脉、血管再通率、术后1周颅内出血转化方面的差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：侧支循环、血管再通率、术后1周颅内出血转化、术后24小时NIHSS评分差异具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 糖尿病、术前NIHSS评分、侧支循环、责任闭塞动脉、术后24小时 NIHSS评分、血管再通率、术后1周颅内出血转化是影响支架取栓治疗大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者预后的因素,侧支循环代偿良好、血管再通率高、术后1周出血转化高、术后24小时 NIHSS评分恶化等是影响患者预后的独立因素。     

支架取栓与静脉溶栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞型脑梗死的疗效对比

目的 探讨急性大动脉闭塞型脑梗死患者支架取栓治疗的疗效和安全性。方法 选取2016年4月至2019年4月在贺州市人民医院神经内科住院的急性大动脉闭塞型脑梗死患者65例,随机分为支架取栓治疗组及静脉溶栓治疗组,其中支架取栓治疗组35例,静脉溶栓治疗组30例,通过比较两组基线资料、血管再通率、治疗后24小时、14天的NIHSS评分改善情况、90天神经功能恢复评分(mRS)、治疗期间颅内出血转化、临床死亡率等,评估两组治疗方法的疗效及安全性。 结果 支架取栓组治疗后24小时、14天NIHSS评分较静脉溶栓组均有明显下降（均P＜0.05）,90天神经功能恢复良好率（mRS 0~2分）支架取栓治疗组（54.28%）明显高于静脉溶栓治疗组（24.33%）（P＜0.05）,支架取栓治疗组血管再通率（85.7%）显著高于静脉溶栓治疗组（16.67%）（P＜0.05）;两组间的总颅内出血转化风险及各亚型颅内出血转化风险比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 支架取栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞型脑梗死效果较静脉溶栓更好。     

Manual aspiration thrombectomy using the Penumbra catheter in patients with acute M1 occlusion: A single-center study

Purpose

The efficacy and safety of aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra in acute occlusion of intracranial artery have been proved in many previous studies. Our study aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of a manual aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra in patients with M1 occlusion.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 70 patients who underwent manual aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra catheters for treatment of M1 occlusion between January 2012 and December 2014. We evaluated immediate angiographic results and clinical outcomes through review of patient electronic medical records.

Results

Male was the dominant sex in this study (M:F = 38:32) and median age was 72 (age range, 36–91). The rate of successful recanalization (TICI grade ≥2 b) was 91.4% (64/70). The successful recanalization rate by single Penumbra was 82.9% (58/70). Six patients were treated in combination with Solitaire stent. Median NIHSS score was 11 (range, 4–20) at admission and was 3 (range 0–23) at discharge. Favorable clinical outcomes (mRS score at three months ≤2) were seen in 42 patients (60%). Two patients were observed to have subarachnoid hemorrhage after the procedure. Another two patients died related to massive symptomatic hemorrhage, brain edema and herniation in the hospital.

Conclusion

Manual aspiration thrombectomy appears to be safe and is capable of achieving a high rate of successful recanalization and favorable clinical outcomes in patients with M1 occlusion.     

Solitaire AB 支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤86例疗效观察

【目的】评估 Solitaire AB 支架在辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的临床应用价值。【方法】回顾性分析中国人民武装警察总医院2010年1月至2013年10月应用 Solitaire AB 支架治疗的86例(91枚)颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料。患者术后随访6个月到2年,根据 Raymond 分级、改良 Rankin 评分、DSA 检查评价颅内动脉瘤影像学及临床结果。【结果】86例患者91枚动脉瘤中致密栓塞49枚(53.8%),瘤颈残余27枚(29.7%),部分栓塞15枚(16.4%)。栓塞术后复查 DSA、MRA 或 CTA 检查显示,48枚(55.1%)动脉瘤栓塞情况稳定,32枚(36.7%)动脉瘤内有进一步血栓形成,7枚(8.0%)动脉瘤可见动脉瘤内再通。3例患者发生术中动脉瘤破裂出血,1例患者发生脑血管痉挛。术后3个月改良 Rankin 评分0~2分恢复良好者为77例(93.9%),3~6分者5例(6.1%),4例失访。【结论】Solitaire AB 支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效,可提高致密栓塞率,患者并发症发生率低,其具有较高的临床使用价值。     

急性缺血性脑卒中FLAIR血管高信号征的相关因素及预后分析

目的探讨大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)供血区急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)序列血管高信号征(vascular hyperintensity,FVH)出现的相关因素及与临床预后的关系。材料与方法回顾性分析276例(2016年9月至2019年3月)MCA区域AIS患者的临床及影像资料。分为FVH阳性组和阴性组,阳性组又依据FVH的分布情况分为3个级别。此外,阳性组血管狭窄程度3级的22例患者7 d后复查(根据MRA表现分为血管再通组和未再通组),并进行了90 d随访改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评估(根据90 d mRS评分分为预后良好组(mRS≤2)和不良组(mRS>2)。采用χ^2检验和Fisher精确检验分析影响FVH出现及级别的因素。血管再通组和未再通组之间FVH消失的情况及预后良好组和不良组的基线FVH级别、治疗后FVH消失、血管再通情况采用Fisher精确检验。预后良好组和不良组基线NIHSS评分采用t检验。结果FVH阳性组和阴性组两组之间患者年龄、性别、卒中危险因素及Willis环类型差异无统计学意义。出现症状-MRI检查时间、血管狭窄部位、程度及梗死面积差异具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.011、0.011、0.000、0.000)。阳性组不同级别间仅梗死面积差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=7.026,P=0.030)。复查血管再通组和未再通组之间FVH的消失情况差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。预后良好组和不良组之间基线NIHSS评分及治疗后FVH消失情况差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.002),基线FVH级别及治疗后血管再通情况差异无统计学意义(P=0.290,P=0.080)。结论患者症状-MRI检查时间、血管狭窄部位及程度、梗死面积是影响FVH出现的重要因素。治疗后FVH的消失可以预测闭塞血管再通,且患者预后与基线NIHSS评分、治疗后FVH消失情况有关,基线NIHSS评分低、治疗后FVH消失提示预后良好。     

Evaluation of using a double helical,closed-cell stent-retriever (Skyflow) for thrombectomy procedures in acute arterial occlusion: A preclinical study and a clinical trial

Background and purposeStent retriever thrombectomy is the standard therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new thrombectomy device (Skyflow) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.MethodsAfter an arterial occlusion model was established, stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and autopsy were carried out immediately after thrombectomy in six animals in the acute experimental group. Simulated stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed for three animals in the subacute experimental group, and follow-up angiography and vascular pathological examination were assessed 90 days after the operation. In the clinical trial, 192 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, within 8 ?h of symptom onset, were included to undergo thrombectomy with either Skyflow or Solitaire FR stent retriever. Efficacy and safety endpoints were recorded (including successful reperfusion, favorable clinical outcomes, time from puncture to reperfusion, instrument operation success rates and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 7 days for efficacy endpoints, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and all-cause mortality rates for safety endpoints).ResultsAll blood vessels achieved successful recanalization in the animal models. In the clinical trial, successful recanalization was attained in 88.4% of patients of the Skyflow group, which was comparable to that of the Solitaire FR group (82.5%) in the full analysis set of the clinical trial. There were no severe complications on DSA, an animal autopsy, or vessel pathological examination in animal experiments. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Skyflow and Solitaire FR groups in the clinical trial regarding the safety endpoints.ConclusionThis study showed that the new Skyflow stent retriever is safe and effective for the treatment of acute large vessel occlusion, as demonstrated in our animal study and human trial.     

急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架行血栓取出术的初步经验(附16例分析)

目的探讨自膨胀、可完全收回的支架(Solitaire AB;ev3 Inc,California)在急性缺血性脑卒中血管再通治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析16例以颈内动脉和(或)大脑中动脉阻塞出现临床症状的缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,探讨在发病8 h内单独使用Solitaire AB支架行脑动脉血栓取出术的治疗方法与疗效,包括美国国立卫生院卒中量表NIHSS评分、治疗时间。结果所有患者在股动脉穿刺后90 min内完成血栓取出术,平均时间60 min,无一例患者在支架释放、去除血栓后需要其他辅助治疗,无与操作相关并发症出现。60%的患者在3个月后功能完全恢复。结论 Solitaire AB支架能迅速、安全、有效地达到血管再通、移除血栓,而不必终生支架置入的目的,可以作为一种有效的治疗方法,能降低病死率,减少并发症,改善患者预后。     

急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓预后的 多因素联合预测模型研究

目的:探讨通过建立多因素联合预测模型的方法预测急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者使用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗后的远期临床预后。方法:通过使用回顾性研究的方法,分析118例接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者的临床资料;通过溶栓后90 d的改良Rankin量表(mRS)分为预后良好组(mRS评分0～2分)和预后不良组(mRS评分3～6分);使用多因素Logistic回归的方法分析影响AIS患者阿替普酶溶栓后90 d神经功能预后的因素,并通过多因素Logistic回归方法计算联合预测值Y;采用ROC曲线验证Logistic回归模型的诊断效度。结果:纳入预后良好组56例(47.46%),纳入预后不良组62例(52.54%)。与预后良好组相比,预后不良组大脑中动脉高密度征的比例及基线美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分值增高、Alberta卒中项目早期CT(ASPECTS)评分降低、溶栓后出血率较高(均P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示ASPECTS评分和基线NIHSS评分为影响静脉溶栓远期预后的因素(P0.001);两者通过多因素Logistic回归方法计算的联合预测值Y的ROC曲线下面积为0.740,敏感度为60.70%、特异度为74.19%;优于单独使用ASPECTS评分(AUC=0.672、敏感度=82.10%、特异度=48.39%)和基线NIHSS评分(AUC=0.693、敏感度=75.00%、特异度=59.68%)作为单因素预测AIS溶栓患者预后的效果。结论:在AIS患者溶栓前的基线指标中,大脑中动脉高密度征、ASPECTS评分、基线NIHSS评分等可作为预测AIS溶栓治疗患者90 d预后的预测因素。通过建立多因素Logistics回归模型计算的联合变量Y对患者预后的预测效能更高。     

超敏C-反应蛋白结合同型半胱氨酸预测急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后

目的研究超敏C-反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)和同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平与急性缺血性脑卒中短期预后的关联性。方法前瞻性研究189 例首次发病的急性缺血性脑卒中患者。入院后进行血清Hs-CRP、HCY水平检测与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。入院90 d 后通过改良Rankin 量表(mRS)测定短期功能结果。结果脑卒中组血清Hs-CRP和HCY水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.001)。调整NIHSS和年龄等其他危险因素后,Hs-CRP和HCY是功能结果和死亡的独立的预测因素。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积分析,HCY和HS-CRP结合模型的预测准确度明显高于各生物标志物单独测量和NIHSS评分。结论Hs-CRP和HCY是脑卒中短期预后的独立预测因素。组合模型可以提供额外的预后信息。     

Efficacy of Solitaire AB stent-release angioplasty in acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction

BACKGROUNDIn both national and international studies, the safety and effectiveness of treatment with the Solitaire stent in patients with ischemic stroke caused by acute large vessel occlusion were good, and the disability rate was significantly reduced. However, there are currently only a few reports on the differences in endovascular treatment for different etiological classifications, especially in the anterior cranial circulation, aorta atherosclerotic stenosis, and acute thrombosis.AIMTo investigate the efficacy of Solitaire AB stent-release angioplasty in patients with acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction.METHODSTwenty-five patients with acute middle cerebral atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction were retrospectively enrolled in this study from January 2017 to December 2019. The Solitaire AB stent was used to improve anterior blood flow to maintain modified cerebral infarction thrombolysis [modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI)] at the 2b/3 level or above, the stent was then unfolded and released.RESULTSAll 25 patients underwent successful surgery, with an average recanalization time of 23 min. One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral herniation after the operation. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores immediately after surgery (7.5 ± 5.6), at 24 h (5.5 ± 5.6) and at 1 wk (3.6 ± 6.7) compared with the preoperative NIHSS score (15.9 ± 4.4), were significantly different (P < 0.01). One case of restenosis was observed 3 mo after surgery (the stenosis rate was 50% without clinical symptoms), the modified Rankin scale scores were 0 points in 14 cases (56%), 1 point in 4 cases (16%), 2 points in 2 cases (8%), 3 points in 3 cases (12%), 4 points in 1 case (4%), and 6 points in 1 case (4%).CONCLUSIONIn acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction, when the Solitaire AB stent is unfolded and the forward blood flow is maintained at mTICI level 2b/3 or higher, stent release may be a safe and effective treatment method; however, long-term observation and a larger sample size are required to verify these findings.     

急性缺血性脑卒中取栓治疗后联用替罗非班静脉维持的临床研究

目的探讨替罗非班治疗作为补充手段用于未接受静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者机械取栓（MT）后静脉维持治疗的可行性与安全性。 方法入选不符合静脉溶栓条件且CT血管成像证实为大动脉闭塞的87例AIS患者,其中MT+替罗非班维持（MT+ T）组44例,MT组43例。MT+ T组患者采用支架取栓并在术后立即静脉泵入0.1 μg·kg^-1·min^-1替罗非班维持24 h,之后口服抗血小板聚集药物;MT组患者采用支架取栓治疗,术后口服抗血小板聚集药物。比较两组患者术前基线资料、血管再通情况、神经功能恢复情况、术后并发症及死亡情况。 结果MT+ T组与MT组患者术后14 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分[（7.7 ± 2.2）分vs.（8.8 ± 3.3）分]、术后并发症[4.55%（2/44）vs. 6.98%（3/43）]及病死率[2.27%（1/44）vs. 2.33%（1/43）]比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）;而MT+ T组患者术后90 d改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分低于MT组[（1.7 ± 1.0）分vs.（2.2 ± 1.1）分,t = 2.479,P = 0.015]。亚组分析显示,MT+ T组取栓次数> 3次的患者术后14 d NIHSS评分[（8.6 ± 3.1）分vs.（12.5 ± 3.5）分]及术后90 d mRS评分[（1.7 ± 1.5）分vs.（2.8 ± 1.0）分]均低于MT组（t = 2.996、2.172,P = 0.006、0.040）;MT+ T组及MT组取栓次数≤ 3次的患者术后14 d NIHSS评分[（7.4 ± 1.6）分vs.（7.2 ± 1.5）分]及术后90 d mRS评分[（1.7 ± 0.7）分vs.（2.0 ± 1.1）分]比较差异均无统计学意义（t= 0.441、1.362,P= 0.661、0.178）。 结论替罗非班可作为未接受静脉溶栓的AIS患者行3次以上支架取栓治疗后的补充手段,可有效改善患者的神经功能及预后,且不增加脑出血转化风险。     

Endovascular management in patients with acute basilar artery obstruction: low-dose intra-arterial urokinase and mechanical clot disruption

Mechanical clot disruption for the treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is known to provide a benefit. We aimed to determine the safety, recanalization rate and time-to-flow restoration of mechanical clot disruption and low dose urokinase (UK) infusions for the treatment of patients with acute BAO. Between June 2006 and June 2010, 21 patients with acute BAO underwent endovascular treatment that included angioplasty or stent placement. The time to treatment, duration of the procedure, dose of urokinase (UK), recanalization rates and symptomatic hemorrhages were analyzed. Clinical outcome measures were assessed at admission and at the time of discharge using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and at three months after treatment using the modified Rankin Score (mRS). On admission, the median NIHSS score was 13.2. Median time from symptom onset to arrival at hospital was 356 minutes, and median time from symptom onset to intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT) was 49 minutes. We used the following interventional treatment regimens: Intra-arterial (IA) UK and a minimal mechanical procedure (n=14), IA UK with angioplasty (n=1), IA UK with angioplasty and stent placement (n=3) and IA UK with HyperForm (n=3). The recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia grade II or III) rate was 90.5% (19/21). There was symptomatic hemorrhage in one patient (4.8%). The median NIHSS score at discharge was 6.3. The three-month outcome was favorable (mRS: 0-2) for 14 patients (66.7%) and poor (mRS: 3-6) for seven patients (33.3%). The overall mortality at three months was 14.3% (three patients died). Low-dose IAT with mechanical clot disruption is a safe and effective treatment for treatment for acute BAO.     

血浆中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值预测急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者半年预后的价值

目的 探讨血浆中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)预测急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)机械取栓患者半年预后的价值.方法 将105例AIS机械取栓患者根据半年后改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分结果分为预后良好组48例和预后不良组57例,比较2组患者的临床资料.将有统计学差异的相关指标采用二元Logistic回归分析,采用受试者...     

侧支循环水平对急性前循环大血管闭塞行机械取栓治疗预后的影响

目的探讨侧支循环水平对急性前循环大血管闭塞患者机械取栓治疗预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年9月—2020年6月120例行机械取栓的急性前循环大血管闭塞病例的影像及临床资料,首先依据侧支循环水平不同分为侧支循环较好组(n=63)和侧支循环较差组(n=57),比较两组机械取栓治疗前、术后24 h、术后1周及术后1个月美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,以及术后神经功能改善情况、术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、症状性颅内出血发生率及病死率。将mRS评分为0~2分视为预后良好组(n=74),3~6分视为预后较差组(n=46),对影响预后的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果术后24 h、术后1周及术后1个月,两组NIHSS评分均较治疗前显著降低,且侧支循环较好组均低于侧支循环较差组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。侧支循环较差组术后神经功能恢复情况及90 d良好预后率低于侧支循环较好组,病死率和症状性颅内出血发生率高于侧支循环较好组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术后24 h NIHSS评分较高与侧支循环水平较差是影响急性前循环大血管闭塞行机械取栓预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论颅内侧支循环水平在一定程度上决定急性前循环大血管闭塞机械取栓治疗的预后,较好的侧支循环是取得良好预后的重要条件。     

多时相CT血管造影对急性缺血性脑卒中患者侧支循环评估价值及溶栓治疗指导作用

目的探讨多时相CT血管造影(CTA)对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者侧支循环评估价值及溶栓治疗指导作用。方法我院收治的AIS患者,选取其中接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗的120例患者为研究对象。治疗前均给予多时相CTA检查,根据影像学检查结果及Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)分为侧支循环良好组及侧支循环不良组。收集两组基线资料,并比较入院时、溶栓治疗24 h及2周后的神经功能美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)量表、28 d内死亡率及随访3个月后的预后情况改良Rankin评分量表(mRS)。分析AIS患者侧支循环血流总体评分(ASPECTS)与预后(mRS)之间的相关性。结果两组性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、合并症、栓塞部位比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),侧支循环不良组介入干预率高于侧支循环良好组(P<0.05);入院时,两组NIHSS量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),溶栓治疗24 h及2周后,两组NIHSS量表评分均较入院时下降,且组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组28 d内死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),随访3个月后侧支循环良好组的mRS评分更低(P<0.05);AIS患者ASPECTS与mRS之间呈负相关(r=-0.396,P<0.05)。结论多时相CTA对于静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者可为其提供理想的参考价值,通过判断其侧支代偿,有利于早期制定治疗方案,以改善预后。     

Bridging therapy and direct mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of cardiogenic cerebral infarction with anterior circulation macrovascular occlusion

BACKGROUNDIntravenous thrombolysis is an important treatment for cerebral infarction. However, it is difficult to achieve good results if the patient is complicated with anterior circulation macrovascular occlusion. In addition, the vascular recanalization rate is low, so mechanical thrombectomy, that is, bridging therapy, is neededAIMTo investigate the efficacy and safety of bridging therapy and direct mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of cardiogenic cerebral infarction with anterior circulation macrovascular occlusion.METHODSNinety-six patients in our hospital with cardiogenic cerebral infarction with anterior circulation macrovascular occlusion from January 2017 to July 2020 were divided into a direct thrombectomy group (n = 48) and a bridging group (n = 48). Direct mechanical thrombectomy was performed in the direct thrombectomy group, and bridging therapy was used in the bridging treatment group. Comparisons were performed for the treatment data of the two groups (from admission to imaging examination, from admission to arterial puncture, from arterial puncture to vascular recanalization, and from admission to vascular recanalization), vascular recanalization rate, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores before and after treatment, prognosis and incidence of adverse events. RESULTSIn the direct thrombectomy group, the time from admission to imaging examination was 24.32 ± 8.61 min, from admission to arterial puncture was 95.56 ± 37.55 min, from arterial puncture to vascular recanalization was 54.29 ± 21.38 min, and from admission to revascularization was 156.88 ± 45.51 min, and the corresponding times in the bridging treatment group were 25.38 ± 9.33 min, 100.45 ± 39.30 min, 58.14 ± 25.56 min, and 161.23 ± 51.15 min; there were no significant differences between groups (P=0.564, 0.535, 0.426, and 0.661, respectively). There was no significant difference in the recanalization rate between the direct thrombectomy group (79.17%) and the bridging group (75.00%) (P = 0.627). There were no significant differences between the direct thrombectomy group (16.69 ± 4.91 and 12.12 ± 2.07) and the bridging group (7.13 ± 1.23 and (14.40 ± 0.59) in preoperative NIHSS score and GCS score (P = 0.200 and 0.203, respectively). After the operation, the NIHSS scores in both groups were lower than those before the operation, and the GCS scores were higher than those before the operation. There was no significant difference in NIHSS and GCS scores between the direct thrombectomy group (6.91 ± 1.10 and 14.19 ± 0.65) and the bridging group (7.13 ± 1.23 and 14.40 ± 0.59) (P = 0.358 and 0.101, respectively). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who achieved a good prognosis between the direct thrombectomy group (52.08%) and the bridging group (50.008%) (P = 0.838). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the direct thrombectomy group (6.25%) and the bridging group (8.33%) (P = 0.913).CONCLUSIONBridging therapy and direct mechanical thrombectomy can safely treat cardiogenic cerebral infarction with anterior circulation macrovascular occlusion, achieve good vascular recanalization effects and prognoses, and improve the neurological function of patients.     

醒后卒中患者的临床诊断学特征及支架取栓技术的临床应用

目的探讨醒后卒中患者的临床诊断学特征及支架取栓治疗的安全性和可行性。 方法选取长治市人民医院神经内科2017年10月至2018年4月收治的3例醒后卒中患者支架取栓治疗的临床资料,分析患者的临床诊断学特征和支架取栓术后血管开通情况、并发症、神经功能改善情况,评估术后90 d时改良Rankin量表评分和Barthel指数评分情况。 结果3例醒后卒中患者均经磁共振血管成像(MRA)证实为颅内前循环大血管闭塞,2例为心源性脑梗死,1例为大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死,发病时均有意识障碍,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分为13～25分。支架取栓术中闭塞血管均成功再通,脑梗死溶栓血流分级评分≥2b级,术后复查头颅CT未发生颅内出血,梗死灶无扩大,术后30 d时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分较入院时降低10～20分。术后90 d时改良Rankin量表评分1例为3分,2例为2分;Barthel指数评分1例为80分,2例为95分。 结论支架取栓治疗醒后卒中患者有较高的血管再通率,可显著改善患者的临床预后。     

静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire支架取栓治疗急性后循环梗死并文献复习

目的探讨静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓治疗急性后循环梗死的效果及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2017年8至9月聊城市人民医院神经内科采用桥接模式接受血管内治疗的急性后循环梗死患者3例资料,均为基底动脉闭塞,分析血管开通情况、并发症情况、神经功能改善情况、随访3个月时改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)和Barthel指数(BI)评分情况。 结果3例静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓均成功再通,第1例静脉溶栓症状好转,4 h后症状加重并进入昏迷,考虑血管再闭塞,紧急启动机械取栓,术后第1天患者清醒;另2例患者静脉溶栓同时联合机械取栓,术后5～7 d复查颅脑CT及CT血管造影(CTA)均显示基底动脉通畅,未见梗死灶扩大,未发生症状性颅内出血(SICH)。3例患者出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较入院时降低16～27分,出院时mRS评分为3分1例,2分2例;3个月后mRS评分为2分1例,1分2例,BI评分均为95～100分。 结论颅内大血管闭塞患者可选择静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓治疗,可提高血管再通率,有效改善预后。     

全脑血管造影未见血管阻塞的急性脑梗死患者的临床预后

目的:探讨起病1周内全脑血管造影(DSA)未见血管阻塞的急性脑梗死患者的临床预后。方法:急性脑梗死患者260例,在发病1周内完成全脑血管DSA和头颅CT、MRI检查,采用NI HSS量表评估入院时病情,改良Rankin量表(mRS)评估患者3个月时的预后,mRS≤2分视为预后良好,并对影响患者预后的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果:260例患者中,发病1周内全脑血管DSA正常者96例(37%),其中头颅MRI显示有相应梗死灶93例(97%),发病1周内脑血管自然再通率为18%(46/260)。脑血管DSA未见血管阻塞的患者3个月时预后良好者67例(70%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,入院时NI HSS评分[OR=0.231(0.080～0.811),P=0.013]、是否为大面积脑梗死[OR=0.171(0.062～0.725),P=0.006]显著影响患者3个月时的预后。结论:起病1周内急性脑梗死患者血管的再通率为18%,DSA检查显示无血管阻塞的患者为37%,其中70%的患者预后良好,入院时的病情及脑梗死面积是影响患者3个月预后的主要因素。