广州市天河区流动人口生殖健康现状调查

目的了解广州市天河区流动人口的生殖健康现状。方法采用匿名问卷的形式对广州市天河区1244例15～45岁流动人口的生殖健康知识、态度、行为以及主要生殖健康问题进行横断面调查。结果获取有效问卷1206份。受调查的流动人口平均年龄为29.82岁;文化程度主要是初中及以下(58.1%);职业以工人、商贸餐饮业和社会服务业为主(80.6%);流动人口对受孕知识知晓率不高,正确率仅占44.9%,已婚人群正确率远高于未婚人群(P<0.05);流动人口对艾滋病3种传播途径回答正确率为56.4%,非传播途径回答正确率为33.5%;已婚人群和未婚人群对计划生育服务政策知晓率分别为69.0%和42.6%(P<0.05);已婚人群进行生殖健康咨询的比例高于未婚人群(P<0.05);未婚女性和男性在避孕措施上主要选择使用避孕套(分别占75.2%和89.1%);绝大多数已婚女性(94.0%)和已婚男性(93.9%)采取的前三位避孕措施为宫内节育器、输卵管结扎、避孕套。结论流动妇女对生殖健康相关知识及政策了解不足,自我保健意识薄弱。积极采取有效措施提高流动已婚妇女的生殖健康认知水平是迫切需要解决的问题。     

广州、深圳市流动人口生殖健康服务利用现状分析

目的 了解广州市8个城区和深圳市6个城区流动人口生殖健康服务利用现状。方法 采用匿名问卷的方式对广州和深圳二市14个区的4365名15～45岁流动人口的生殖健康服务利用相关问题进行横断面调查。结果 获取有效问卷4332份。流动人口平均年龄28.81岁,以30岁以下人群居多;文化程度以初中文化为主(50.55%),总体上未婚流动人口文化程度高于已婚流动人口(P<0.05);二市外来人口的来源地主要以广东本省和湖南省为主;52.8%的流动人口得到计划生育机构提供的生殖健康知识服务;对免费提供避孕知识的场所已婚人群知晓率为67.4%,未婚人群为34.2%(P<0.05);对免费提供避孕药具服务场所已婚人群知晓率为65.2%,未婚人群为31.7%(P<0.05);对免费提供生殖健康检查场所已婚人群知晓率为68.0%,未婚人群为29.7%(P<0.05);女性流动人口中有60.3%得到过计划生育服务机构或计划生育部门组织的免费生殖健康检查,2.1%得到收费生殖健康检查,37.9%从未得到过检查;5.8%的人得到五项生殖健康检查服务,94.2%的人仅得到部分项目服务。结论 流动人口对生殖健康服务利用不高,提示各级机构要进一步加强对生殖健康知识宣传的覆盖面和服务项目的落实。     

广州市天河区未婚流动人口生殖健康状况分析

目的:了解广州市天河区未婚流动人口的生殖健康现状。方法:采用匿名问卷的形式对广州市天河区的692名18～29岁流动人口的生殖健康知识、态度、行为以及主要生殖健康问题进行调查。结果:获取有效问卷685份,未婚流动人口的文化程度均以初中文化为主,总体上男性和女性未婚流动人口文化程度相当(P>0.05);在初中及以下文化程度的流动人口中,未婚女性认为避孕必要的比例显著高于未婚男性(P<0.05);80.4%的未婚女性认为有避孕的必要性;在未婚男性中,高中及以上文化程度者认为避孕必要的比例显著高于初中及以下文化程度者(P<0.05);80.1%的未婚女性和60.9%的未婚男性从未采用过避孕措施;42.0%的未婚女性和52.0%的未婚男性有过性行为;女性自己有过妊娠史和流产史的占41.7%,恋爱对象有过妊娠史或流产史的占44.1%;仅有19.9%的未婚女性和7.7%的未婚男性从专业的计划生育和卫生部门获得性传播疾病知识。结论:流动人口中未婚群体对安全性行为的知识掌握较少,避孕措施的采用率较低,人工流产的发生率高,有关部门应重视这一群体的生殖健康教育。     

育龄妇女避孕套知识掌握情况的调查

目的了解避孕套知识在育龄妇女中的掌握情况,为十一五农村卫生适宜技术推广宣传避孕套提供依据。方法采用横断面调查法,对庄河市18乡50村2436名18—45岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果不知道避孕套避孕方法的占4．8％,其中未婚占83．6％,已婚占16．4％;不知道避孕套可防性病的占48．7％,其中未婚占62．3％,已婚占37．7％;不能正确说出避孕套使用方法的占16．20％,其中未婚占69．5％,已婚占30．5％。结论在育龄妇女中,应加强宣传用避孕套有避孕和防病双重功效,并且把未婚女青年作为计划生育宣传教育工作的重点对象。     

北京市项目社区妇女避孕及人工流产现况分析

目的:调查北京市项目社区妇女避孕及人工流产现状,为政府加强社区计划生育技术服务体系建设及改革机制提供依据。方法:采用意向性、分层整群抽样的流行病学调查方法,对项目社区妇女进行匿名封闭式自填问卷调查。结果:项目社区1723名已婚育龄妇女,2005年的综合避孕率为82.3%,经产妇避孕率为94.1%,未产妇避孕率为70.9%。本市户籍妇女避孕率为81.0%,流动人口避孕率为85.8%;已婚妇女近半数采用避孕套,为46.5%,采用长效避孕方法比率较低,使用IUD者占31.3%。未婚妇女采用安全期和避孕套者分别占33.4%和33.3%;已婚和未婚妇女经历人工流产者,分别占46.5%和16.1%。有人工流产史的妇女了解避孕相关知识明显低于无人流史妇女;本市48.6%妇女避孕知识来源于医疗机构,而流动人口为31.7%。本市户籍妇女免费获得避孕药具占81%,而流动人口妇女占64.2%。结论:项目社区已婚育龄妇女综合避孕率与北京和全国水平基本相同。由于采用高效、长效避孕比率略低于北京及全国水平而导致避孕失败率高,人工流产率或重复流产率高;社区妇女避孕知识匮乏,社区服务站的利用率低,应加强社区计划生育健康服务站的投入,加强避孕药具供应,畅通渠道,提高人群避孕药具的可获得性。     

昆明市流动人口生殖健康知识调查

目的 了解流动人口生殖健康知识现状,为流动人口生殖健康教育提供依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法,对1 028名流动人口进行问卷调查.结果 被调查对象中,已婚男性133人(12.9%),未婚男性86人(8.4%);已婚女性687人(66.8%),未婚女性122人(11.9%).年龄以18～35岁为主(74.6%).教育程度以初中和小学为主(75.4%).统计学分析发现,男性的计划生育知识得分低于女性(P＜0.01),男性的性病/艾滋病知识得分高于女性(P＜0.01).离家务工时间0.5～4年的调查对象生殖健康知识综合得分低于其他组(P＜0.01).已婚者生殖健康知识综合得分高于未婚者.专业人员/行政管理人员的生殖健康知识综合得分高于其他职业人员.随教育程度增高或收入增加,生殖健康知识综合得分也明显增加.结果 未婚、中低学历、从事非技术工作和低收入人群,以及离家务工时间较短的流动人口的生殖健康知识知晓率低.应根据知识实际掌握情况,有针对性地加强教育和引导.     

未婚流动人口性与生殖健康认知及行为调查

目的 了解未婚流动人口性与生殖健康状况、特点及存在的问题.方法 利用国家人口与计划生育委员会2004年流动人口性与生殖健康状况调查的原始数据.对未婚流动人口性与生殖健康状况进行统计分析.结果 分别有65%,40.4%的调查对象不知道软下疳、尖锐湿疣为性病;58.6%的对象认为蚊虫叮咬能传染艾滋病;12%的男性、20.8%的女性知道月经前14 d左右最容易怀孕;41.6%的男性、36.8%的女性认为手淫对身体有害;60%的男性、46.7%的女性同意向未婚青年提供避孕套;49.4%的男性、33.3%的女性可以理解一个长期没有性生活的男人嫖娼;3.65%对象为未婚同居状态;16.7%的男性、11%的女性在过去的1个月有过性行为.结论 未婚流动人口性与生殖健康知识缺乏.应加强对未婚流动人口的生殖健康服务.     

流动人口在现居住地获得避孕知识情况及影响因素分析

目的:了解流动人口在现居住地获得避孕知识的情况并分析影响因素,为开展流动人口避孕节育/生殖健康服务提供参考。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样的方法选择上海市闵行区的2001名流动人口,于2007年8～10月由统一培训的调查员开展结构式问卷调查。结果:流动人口对常用避孕方法的知晓率<70%,对副作用了解最少。最近1年在现居地获得过避孕知识者占42.73%,其避孕知识总得分(31.39±20.72分)高于未获得过避孕知识的对象(24.06±20.54分)(P<0.01)。流动人口在现居地获取避孕知识最主要途径是宣传小册子/折页(30.76%),其次是影视广播/书报杂志(16.96%)和宣传板报(16.26%)。年龄越小、文化程度越高其获得避孕知识的比例越高;未婚有性生活和已婚对象获得避孕知识的比例较未婚无性生活者高;工厂对象获得避孕知识的比例较建筑工地和娱乐服务场所对象高。结论:流动人口在现居住地获得避孕知识的比例较低,年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度和工作场所对流动人口在现居住地是否获得过避孕知识有影响。因此,现居住地应加强针对流动人口的计划生育/生殖健康宣教和服务,应以年龄小、未婚无性生活、文化程度低以及建筑工地和娱乐场所工作的流动人口作为重点。     

女青年人工流产情况及避孕知识调查

目的:了解郑州市女青年人工流产和避孕知识知晓情况,探讨人工流产影响因素。方法:采用自填式调查问卷,对郑州市年龄≤25岁1100名人工流产女青年进行横断面调查。结果:调查对象年龄为(22.50±1.68)岁,平均月收入为800元,职业以公司职员为主(29.4%),大部分未婚,流动人口占75.1%,初中以下文化程度和常住人口相比有统计学意义;34.9%的女青年经历过流产,首次流产未婚者占72.6%,且随着年龄增加,重复流产率逐渐增高;本次妊娠原因67.9%的女青年未采用避孕措施,32.1%为避孕失败,避孕失败的主要原因是避孕套(44.5%)、安全期(25.2%)和体外排精(15.9%);过去3个月中,最常用的避孕方法是避孕套(82.3%),其次为紧急避孕(28.5%)、安全期(27.7%)、体外排精(22.7%);谈及避孕知识,深入到避孕措施具体使用方法回答正确率较低。结论:非意愿妊娠的主要原因是未采用避孕措施,而使用避孕措施的女青年中,坚持使用和正确使用有效避孕措施率低,且流产女青年掌握的避孕知识有限,应加强未婚人群和流动人口的避孕知识宣教和咨询,内容侧重坚持、正确使用高效避孕措施的宣传,提供优质的计划生育服务,从而避免非意愿妊娠和人工流产。     

不同行业未婚流动人口生殖健康状况分析

目的:了解广东省惠州市不同行业未婚流动人口生殖健康现状与需求。方法:采用问卷调查,专题小组访谈、个人深入访谈和知情人访谈相结合方法收集相关资料。结果:共收回1 333份有效问卷,工人51.0%(678/1 333)、服务业23.0%(305/1 333)、零售业17.0%(222/1 333)、餐饮业10.0%(128/1 333);婚前性行为11%;69.1%的人未能在现单位接受过生殖健康教育;性传播性疾病发生率3%;近1个月内无避孕套保护的性生活者占92%(1 221/1 333);出现生殖健康问题时去医院治疗者占17.9%(238/1 333)。结论:不同行业未婚流动人口生殖健康状况与其社会角色、生活习惯、避孕方法、工作性质等因素有关,性知识、避孕知识和性病防治知识非常有限,应加强不同行业未婚流动人口生殖健康教育,提高自我保护意识。     

Condom-promotion programme among slum-dwellers in Chandigarh, India

This study describes high-risk behaviour and condom usage in inhabitants of an urban slum in the Union Territory of Chandigarh, which has a population of about 20,000. A cohort of 375 participants was followed-up before and after an intervention. Half of the married but only one-eighth of the unmarried slum dwellers were using condoms regularly. One-quarter of the study subjects practised high-risk behaviour and this was higher among unmarried (44.88%) than married participants (18.7%). An intervention involving education on condom use and provision of free condoms increased the condom usage rate from 31.73% in the pre-intervention phase to 60% in the postintervention phase.     

Survey of Condom-Related Beliefs, Behaviors, and Perceived Social Norms in Mexican Migrant Laborers

This study reports findings from a survey of condom-related beliefs, behaviors, and perceived social norms in Mexican migrant laborers that live and work in the United States for extended periods of time. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 501 Mexican migrants from five sending towns in Jalisco, Mexico, with historically high rates of out-migration to the United States. Results showed that subjects reported few negative beliefs about condom use and high efficacy to use condoms in challenging sexual situations but social norms sanctioning condoms were limited. Results also revealed mixed knowledge of HIV transmission, poor knowledge of condom use, and higher condom use with occasional versus regular sex partners. Forty-four percent of male migrants reported sex with prostitutes while in the U.S., with married men reporting less condoms use with prostitutes than single men. It was concluded that condom promotion efforts with Mexican migrants should concentrate on men to encourage consistent use with occasional sex partners, including prostitutes. AIDS prevention education should be provided with sensitivity to the language needs, limited education, and extreme social and geographic marginality of this highly underresearched Latino population.     

Promoting contraceptive use more effectively among unmarried male migrants in construction sites in china: a pilot intervention trial

Poor sexual and reproductive health status has been reported among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Therefore, some effective and feasible interventions are urgently needed. The authors developed a workplace-based intervention to compare 2 young labor migrant service packages (A and B) on the knowledge, attitude related to contraception, and contraceptive use among unmarried male migrants in Chengdu. Fourteen construction sites were randomly assigned to either of the 2 intervention packages. Interventions were completed in 3 months, and data were collected in 2 rounds independently (before and after interventions). After the intervention, the median scores for knowledge and attitude in migrants in package B were significantly higher than in migrants in package A. Although migrants in both packages increased use of condom, the increase was pronounced in migrants in package B, with odds ratio (OR) = 9.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-66.28). The rate of unwanted pregnancies was reduced more significantly in migrants in package B than in migrants in package A (OR = 0.16; 95%CI = 0.03-0.45). Unmarried male migrants who received the comprehensive intervention (package B) were more willing to use condoms and avoid unwanted pregnancies effectively.     

天津、陕西两省市青年流动人口生殖健康及避孕现状调查

目的:了解天津、陕西青年流动人口生殖避孕相关知识、行为及生殖健康服务利用现状。方法:在天津市经济技术开发区、陕西省西安市新城区对1684名15～24岁流动人口进行了横断面调查。结果:被调查对象中未婚者占79.2%,已婚者占20.5%。只有26.8%的女性能够正确回答排卵期,男性则只有10.5%。26.4%的未婚者发生过性行为(男性43.1%,女性13.1%)。最近一次性行为中安全套使用率未婚者为63.3%,已婚者为51.0%。有过性行为的未婚者约20.0%自身或其女友发生过意外妊娠。女性已婚者人工流产率高达23.8%。天津、陕西被调查者中分别有14.6%和9.2%接受过生殖健康服务。结论:青年流动人口的生殖健康相关知识贫乏,存在一定比例的不安全性行为,相关服务利用率低。需要关注该人群的生殖健康问题,加强相关教育和服务。     

Knowledge of contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases and contraceptive practices amongst young people in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

In this article, we examine knowledge of contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and contraceptive practices amongst young Vietnamese people. We conducted a qualitative study on sexuality and abortion with young people in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Twelve female and 4 male young people were individually interviewed using an in-depth interview technique. We found that condoms and pills were contraceptives known by almost all young people, but their knowledge of condoms and pills was still inadequate. Fears of side effects of taking pills and rumors and beliefs regarding condoms were quite common among young people. The limitations in young people's knowledge of contraceptives and STDs were a reflection of limited sources of their knowledge. Sexual education provided by educational institutions and within families was very basic. It did not provide clear knowledge on the sensitive topics such as contraceptive methods, and other issues related to sexuality for unmarried people. From a gender perspective, there are two points to note here: While sex issues were discussed openly among unmarried men, most unmarried women felt uncomfortable or expressed difficulty when talking about these issues; and the passiveness of unmarried women in making the decision of using condoms as well as contraceptives was marked. Amongst young people, the use of contraceptives was based mainly on ineffective methods including withdrawal and periodic abstinence. Further, young people's understanding of these methods was neither clear nor adequate. For the young people who did not use any contraceptives, sexual relations occurred unexpectedly. We conclude that creating a climate in which sexual issues can be discussed openly is an important step for the improvement of sexual health for young people. This will inevitably improve knowledge and understanding of contraceptives and STDs and may lead to a safer sexual life among this group of young people.     

Fertility and contraceptive use among young adults in Harare, Zimbabwe

In 1986, a survey of young adults aged 14-24 in Harare, Zimbabwe obtained information about their knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behavior. Most adolescent childbearing took place within marriage, although sexual intercourse was generally initiated before marriage. Knowledge of family planning was high, but contraceptive use lagged behind knowledge. Fewer than half of the respondents had talked to an elder about family planning, sex, or pregnancy. Fourteen percent of young women who were unmarried at the time of first intercourse used contraceptives, compared to 18 percent of young unmarried men. Current contraceptive use among sexually active unmarried youths was 36 percent among women and 29 percent among men. One consequence of low contraceptive use was a high number of unwanted premarital pregnancies. Twenty-nine percent of the women had been pregnant; those not married at the time they got pregnant generally got married soon after. Of the girls who got pregnant while in school, 90 percent had to drop out of school. A second consequence of low contraceptive use is an increased risk of transmission of STDs and AIDS among the youth of Harare.     

深圳市流动人口性行为情况及影响因素分析

目的:了解深圳市流动人口的性行为发生情况,探讨潜在的影响因素,为进一步在流动人口中开展相关的干预活动提供科学依据。方法:按照拟定的筛选表,采用多级抽样的方法及知情同意的原则,选取深圳市外来流动人口1014人,采用结构式问卷进行面对面调查。应用卡方检验及多元lo-gistic回归分析流动人口性行为情况及可能的影响因素。结果:流动人口中商业性行为发生率为4·26%,47·29%的调查对象有1个以上的性伙伴。性别、知识总分、首次性行为年龄、首次性行为对象是主要的影响因素。安全套使用率为52·46%。性别、户口性质、婚姻状况、知识总分、性伴总数是性行为的主要影响因素。结论:流动人口中高危性行为发生比例较高,而流动人口中能够坚持使用安全套的比例不容乐观。迫切需要开展有针对性的性与生殖健康教育,提高流动人口的生殖健康知识和自我保健意识。