丁不同发育阶段鱼体营养成分和氨基酸组成的比较分析

对丁不同生长阶段鱼体肌肉中营养成分、氨基酸组成和含量进行了比较分析。结果表明: 丁鱼岁成鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量显著高于幼鱼和亲鱼, 成鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于幼鱼与亲鱼; 亲鱼肥满度显著大于幼鱼和成鱼。幼鱼肌肉组氨酸含量显著高于成鱼, 成鱼肌肉脯氨酸含量显著高于幼鱼, 肌肉中其他各氨基酸含量三个阶段均无显著差异。三个不同生长阶段丁鱼岁肌肉中必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和氨基酸总量无显著差异。     

丁(鱼岁)肌肉脂肪酸组成的分析

采用气相色谱仪对丁(鱼岁)肌肉脂肪酸的组成进行了分析,结果显示,该鱼肌肉中可检测到16种脂 肪酸,且以 C16、 C18、 C22三个系列脂肪酸为主;饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的26． 29%,不饱和脂肪酸占脂 肪酸总量的73． 71%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸占53． 45%,多不饱和脂肪酸占20． 26%。     

丁（鱼岁）含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

对13尾丁（鱼岁）的含肉率及营养成分进行了测定,并将其与国内外部分淡水经济鱼类相比较,对其营养价值作了综合评定.丁（鱼岁）的平均含肉率为72.4%,明显高于同科的鲤鱼和鲫鱼,且差异明显.肌肉中粗蛋白质含量为18.85%,粗脂肪1.73%;17种氨基酸总含量为18.03%,其中9种必需氨基酸的总含量为9.24%,占氨基酸总含量的51.25%;谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸等四种鲜味氨基酸的总含量为6.97%,低于异育银鲫而高于鳜鱼、黄颡鱼、泥鳅和斑点叉尾鱼回.     

丁(鱼岁)不同组织的同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳,对丁的晶状体、心脏、脑、肾脏、肝脏、肌肉等6种组织进行了8种同工酶(LDH、MDH、α-AMY、G6PDH、ADH、AKP、EST、POD)的电泳研究,分析了各种酶的同工酶基因位点表达、亚基组成及酶谱表型,讨论了8种同工酶在组织中分布特异性的生理意义。结果表明:8种同工酶都存在不同程度的组织特异性;与其他硬骨鱼类相比,丁的8种同工酶具有明显的种属特异性。     

丁(鱼岁)不同生长阶段肌肉脂肪酸和微量营养元素的比较

对丁不同生长阶段鱼体肌肉中脂肪酸组成及微量营养元素含量进行了比较。结果表明:丁不同生长阶段肌肉中的脂肪酸含量及组成有明显差异。脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量和饱和脂肪酸总量,亲鱼均高于幼鱼和成鱼,成鱼均高于幼鱼;不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸总量,成鱼和亲鱼均高于幼鱼;同时,成鱼和亲鱼肌肉中高度不饱和脂肪酸花生三烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸和EPA、DHA含量明显高于幼鱼肌肉。成鱼和亲鱼肌肉中微量营养元素Fe和Mn含量显著低于幼鱼(P<0.05);亲鱼肌肉中Zn含量显著低于成鱼和幼鱼(P<0.05),成鱼显著高于幼鱼(P<0.05);亲鱼肌肉中Cu含量显著低于成鱼和幼鱼(P<0.05)。     

丁(鱼岁)的池塘养殖试验

介绍了丁(鱼岁)的池塘养殖、水质调控、病害防治技术;养殖全程投喂自行配制的饲料,采取捕大留小的方法出售尾重400～500 g 的商品鱼,鱼种经过10个月的养殖,平均尾重达0.62 kg,平均产量7 950 kg/hm2,成活率93.4%,饲料系数1.57,养殖投入与产出比为1∶2.2.试验说明:丁(鱼岁)作为新引入的名优品种能适应浙江的地理环境,具有高产、高效的可行性.     

北方地区丁(鱼岁)苗种驯化关键技术研究

北方地区受气候影响,丁(鱼岁)(Tinca tinca L.)繁殖季节滞后,苗种培育期短,驯化困难,越冬前苗种规格过小,常常造成越冬大量死亡,无法提供大规格苗种和满足规模化养殖的苗种需求.为解决北方地区丁(鱼岁)苗种的提早驯化问题,设计了苗种放养密度相同、驯化规格不同,驯化规格相同、放养密度不同,驯化规格不同、放养密度不同3种驯化方法,进行了丁(鱼岁)苗种的驯食试验,比较不同驯化规格、不同放养密度对驯化时间的影响,以及提早驯化摄食对鱼种出池规格和产量的影响.结果表明,在丁(鱼岁)食性转化期(5～8cm)及时驯化更容易驯化成功；增加放养密度是缩短驯化时间的有效措施；提早驯化成功是培育大规格鱼种及增加产量的重要基础条件.     

关于北方地区丁(鱼岁)Tinca tinca(Linnaeus)一年两次人工繁殖技术的探讨

丁(鱼岁)系欧洲淡水经济鱼类,于2004年4月引进,经过一年的鱼种培育,2005年人工繁殖试验获得成功,2006年一年两次人工繁殖又获成功,本文作扼要的介绍与探讨.     

丁(鱼岁)幼鱼耗氧率研究

研究了体重、水温、盐度、pH、光周期和体色对丁(鱼岁)(Tinca tinca)幼鱼耗氧率的影响.结果表明:在水温(20±0.5)℃下,丁(鱼岁)[体重(126.9151.6)g,体长(21.71 ～22.64) cm]的耗氧率有明显的昼夜节律性,一昼夜出现两个耗氧高峰,分别在6:00和18:00;耗氧率(Y)与体重(W)呈负相关,关系式为:Y=0.6807W-0.3034(r=-0.9983);耗氧量(Y’)与体重呈正相关,关系式为:Y'=0.6787W0.697(r=0.9995).在(15～ 30)℃水温范围内,耗氧率(Y)随着水温(T)的上升而增大,关系式为:Y =0.106T0.4688(r =0.9943).盐度升高(0～9),耗氧率先升高后降低.耗氧率随着pH值(6.0 ～9.0)的升高而降低.体色和光周期对丁(鱼岁)耗氧率有显著的影响(P＜0.05).     

丁(鱼岁)肠道及肝胰脏组织学研究

以体长4～6cm的丁幼鱼作为试材,用解剖、石蜡切片和显微摄像等组织学研究手段,对其肠道及肝胰脏组织结构进行了观察。比较了前、中、后肠粘膜皱褶的多少、疏密、高低以及杯状细胞的数量变化,说明肠道各段在消化过程中的不同作用;肝胰脏的组织学结构特点与鲤鱼相似,但胰腺细胞大部分都聚集在肝脏外部边缘和肠道的周围,只有一小部分弥散在肝脏之内,胰腺细胞间有较多胰岛。     

丁(鱼岁)池塘养殖和人工繁育试验

丁(鱼岁)(Tinca tinca L.)又名欧洲丁桂鱼,隶属于鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科、丁(鱼岁)属,是原产于欧洲大陆的一种古老的鱼类,在我国新疆地区有一定的分布,该品种具有体型好、食性杂、生长快、抗病力强、营养价值高等特点.2002年5月,浙江省宁波市鄞州区鄞江镇亚热带特种水产养殖公司从湖北省水产科学研究所引进丁(鱼岁)苗种3800尾,进行专塘试养,获得成功,并于2003年在宁波市内首获丁(鱼岁)人工繁育和苗种培育的成功.     

Survival and growth of larval and juvenile tench, Tinca tinca L., fed different diets under controlled conditions

Abstract. Tench, Tinca tinca L., larvae were reared under controlled conditions at water temperatures of 28°C and 31°C during a 15-day period. Feeding with exclusively live Artemia nauplii gave best results, irrespective of rearing temperature (total length 13·6mm; average weight 31 mg; survival rate 83–85%). High survival rates of 81–88% were found also in all groups fed mixed diets, whereas growth rate of tench larvae was significantly influenced by the frequency of supplemental feeding with Artemia. When applied alone, the tested carp starter feed turned out to be insufficient for rearing the larval tench.     

丁鱥不同群体ITS1区序列分析

新疆朱家湖、73水库丁鱥群体和引进的捷克丁鱥群体在保守区18SDNA有单核酸多态,多态位点比例分别为0.42%、0.42%和1.69%,在ITS1区的多态位点比例分别为2.80%、2.10%和3.15%。捷克丁鱥群体与我国2个丁鱥地方群体在遗传背景上有一定的差异。     

Nodular coccidiosis in the gut of the tench, Tinca tinca L.

Abstract. In the intestinal epithelium of 3–5-summer old tench, Tinca tinca L., an unknown Eimeria sp. developing white, pinhead-sized nodules was found. Oocysts were shed in a non-sporulated state, but at 20°C in tap water they completed sporulation and resembled Eimeria subepithelialis , a parasite of common carp. During the period of examination, in April and May, only young oocysts and gamogonic stages developing in the epithelium of the mucosa were detected. Despite the morphological similarities and nodular occurrence there are significant differences between the nodular coccidiosis of the tench and common carp.     

丁鱥(TincatincaL.)引种驯养和人工繁育的初步研究

从新疆引入丁Gui（Tinca tincaL.）鱼种进行驯养，并于次年春季选成熟亲鱼作人工繁殖和苗种培育试验。结果表明：丁Gu移养在浙江地区，能较好地生存，生长速度较快；配制的人工饲料能满足其生长需要；丁Gu在平均体重达200－250g时性成熟，催化产激素的LHRH－A2及HCG与DOM的混合制剂，在水温19－23℃下，效应时间为16－19h，催产率分别为100％和76％，两次人工催产均获成功，共产卵20万粒和45万粒，受精率分别为86％和665，胚胎发育时间在水温19．8－22．5℃下约47h左右，孵化率分别为53％和42％；采用江浙的“豆浆法”培育丁Gu鱼苗，经25d左右的饲喂，平均规格达3－4cm，平均成活率为38％和35％。     

Effects of different diets on juvenile tench, Tinca tinca (L.) reared under controlled conditions

In a laboratory experiment at 28 °C, four commercial starters (Carp Starter, Uni Starter, Perla Plus, Asta) were fed intensively to 11-month-old juvenile tench Tinca tinca of initially 41 mm TL and 0.70 g BW, over a period of 120 days. Frozen chironomid larvae were fed to fish below satiation as a reference diet for comparison of the fish body chemical composition. Final survival rates of 99–100% and satisfactory growth were attained with all dry diets, ranging from 73.3 (Carp Starter) to 84.8 mm TL (Asta) and from 5.39 (Carp Starter) to 8.09 g BW (Perla Plus). External body deformities of up to 96.4% specimens appeared in those fed Uni Starter, Carp Starter and Perla Plus, whereas 0% were recorded for Asta and chironomids. Fish in groups with deformities showed significantly elevated lipid content in their bodies, lower ash content and higher condition coefficient values. Juveniles in groups without deformities did not substantially change lipid content, but the ash content increased. Thus, among four dry diets studied, only Asta starter can be fed effectively and safely to juvenile tench reared intensively under controlled conditions.     

斑鳢的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

试验测得斑鳢的含肉率平均为(58.40±3.21)%,粗水分为75.39%、粗蛋白为25.75%、粗脂肪为4.70%、粗灰分为1.08%、磷含量0.55%、钙含量为0.78%。肌肉蛋白中含有18种氨基酸,总量为79.64%(干样),其中人体必需氨基酸总量是30.23%,占氨基酸总量的37.94%;鲜味氨基酸30.79%比月鳢、青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼的含量高。斑鳢是一种蛋白质高,味道鲜美,易于人体消化和吸收的优良淡水鱼品种。     

Studies on sperm of diploid and triploid tench, Tinca tinca (L.)

The tench Tinca tinca is an interesting fish from the viewpoint of polyploidy and related atypical reproduction aspects. Triploid tench were produced artificially. Studies of spermiation as well as of sperm motility and structure were performed on several triploid and diploid males simultaneously with individual experimental crosses with diploid females to define their reproductive capacities. The testes of triploids visually looked less developed in the most of cases with lower sperm production (0.05 cm³ sperm per male), GSI and weight of testes compared to diploids (0.58 cm³ sperm per male). Analysis of variance showed significant influence of ploidy level on the percentage of motile spermatozoa. Triploidy did not change percentage of live spermatozoa and velocity of spermatozoa at the first time of sperm movement. The study of sperm structure by scanning electron microscopy revealed that most sperm cells were of normal structure with some anomalies. Sperm heads of triploid and diploid males were mostly round-shaped, 1.86±0.2 and 1.6±0.18 μm in diameter. The midpiece of triploid spermatozoa was slightly narrower than that of diploid ones with typical cylindrical shape. Flow cytometry revealed sperm cells of triploids to be largely aneuploid (1.47 n) with high mosaic DNA, oscillating from haploid DNA content (1.0 n) to diploid DNA content (1.9 n). Experimental crosses between triploid males and diploid females revealed that these males were capable to stimulate effective development with relatively high level of fertilization and hatching rates from 0 to 70%. In conclusion, triploidization does not seem to guarantee sterility of tench.