DNA技术与果树种质资源的保存与研究

本文对已经或将要应用于果树种质资源保存与研究方面的某些ＤＮＡ技术进行了简要介绍,内容包括ＤＮＡ技术与果树种质资源保存、ＤＮＡ技术与果树种质资源研究。     

寒地果树种质资源研究与利用进展

中国寒地果树种质资源研究工作始于20世纪50年代。本文回顾了寒地果树种质资源研究利用的历史,简述了寒地果树种质资源收集、保存、鉴定、评价、利用与创新工作所取得的成就,提出了今后中国寒地果树种质资源研究工作的主攻方向。     

欢迎订阅2023年《果树资源学报》北大核心CSCD

《果树资源学报》由山西农业大学主管,山西农业大学果树研究所主办。本刊辟有专家论坛、研究论文、研究报告、经验技术、专论综述、引选育种、特异资源等栏目,全面介绍果树种质资源的收集保存、鉴定评价及种质创新等领域的研究进展;刊登有关果树资源基础理论研究、应用研究及栽培技术等方面的研究成果;积极开展学科领域内的学术交流与研讨,促进果树资源学科研究的繁荣,推动果树产业可持续发展。     

果树核心种质研究进展

近年来,继果树种质资源收集保存和鉴定评价等重大项目相继开展之后,利用现有基本信息、鉴定评价数据构建果树核心种质已成为种质资源领域又一新的研究热点和发展方向。根据核心种质的内涵和果树自身特点,提出了果树核心种质研究的主要特性,阐述了其主要研究内容、方法和步骤等研究现状,并通过分析果树核心种质构建的特殊性,指出存在的主要问题,探讨了果树核心种质研究的重点和发展方向。     

果树种质资源超低温保存研究进展

综述了国内外在超低温保存果树种质资源方面的最新研究成果,从材料选择、材料预处理、冰冻保护剂、冰冻方法及超低温保存对组织超微结构的影响等几个方面总结了果树超低温保存的原理、影响因素及关键操作技术,展望了果树种质资源超低温保存技术的应用前景.     

国家果树种质云南特有果树及砧木圃

国家果树种质云南特有果树及砧木圃,挂靠云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所。该圃于1984年开工建设,l989年6月通过了由农业部组织的验收,成为全国果树资源保存圃之一。占地7.13hm2,种质资源保存面积为5.06hm2,资源以活体露地保存为主。圃内建有隔离网室、玻璃及阳光板温     

中国作物种质资源安全保存理论与实践

我国是作物种质资源大国,目前已经收集保存了340种作物,保存资源总量达50万份,如何确保安全保存是种质资源管理的首要课题。自"九五"以来,系统地开展了作物种质资源安全保存理论与技术的研究,揭示了种质活力丧失存在关键节点及其生物学机制;明确了发芽率低于关键节点后进行更新,会导致群体遗传完整性降低;提出了种质安全保存寿命的概念,以及延长安全保存寿命的关键因素。研发了种质活力监测预警、繁殖更新与离体保存等关键技术,制定了种质资源入库圃保存、监测预警、繁殖更新、离体保存和设施建设等技术规程,创建了中国作物种质资源安全保存技术体系。该体系应用于全国作物种质资源的保存实践,最大程度延长种质安全保存寿命,并监测预警出需更新的种质,避免因活力和遗传完整性丧失而导致种质资源得而复失,为实现我国作物种质资源长久安全保存提供了有力保障。     

DNA分子标记在果树遗传育种研究中的应用

DNA分子标记是随着分子生物学技术的发展出现的一类重要的遗传标记,近年来发展非常迅速,已在果树遗传育种研究的各个方面得到广泛的应用。介绍了几种DNA分子标记技术的原理,综述了DNA分子标记在果树种质资源研究、分子遗传图谱构建、基因定位、分子辅助选择等方面的应用,并对其在果树上的应用前景和存在问题进行了评述。     

植物DNA甲基化与作物种质资源保存

DNA甲基化是真核生物基因表达调控的重要机制之一。甲基化DNA与甲基特异结合蛋白结合,并作为染色质修饰复合物识别和作用的平台,参与对染色质组织方式的调节,最终影响基因的表达。本文对植物DNA甲基化及其生物学功能、检测分析方法以及作物种质资源保存中存在的甲基化现象进行了综述,旨在为深入了解DNA甲基化修饰对种质资源的影响,更好地开展作物种质资源保护供参考。     

国家果树种质太谷枣葡萄资源圃

国家果树种质太谷枣葡萄圃是科技部、农业部的枣和葡萄种质资源平台建设、收集保存和野外科学观测研究基地,主要从事以种质资源为基础,以长期定位观测和数据积累为手段,以资源有效保护和高效利用为核心的基础性、公益性研究工作。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白与学习记忆

环腺苷酸(cAMP)应答元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)是一种核转录因子,可与cAMP反应元件结合,调节基因转录,具有调节精子生成,昼夜节律,学习记忆等功能.近年来关于其在学习记忆中的作用成为医学研究热点.CREB是神经元内多条信息传递途径的汇聚点,参与长时记忆形成和突触可塑性.长时记忆(long-term memory)形成需依赖CREB介导的基因转录,干扰或抑制CREB活性可破坏长时记忆.长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)是研究学习记忆的理想模型,在LTP诱导和维持过程中均可观察到CREB活性持续升高.但增龄过程中,海马CREB活性下降,影响学习记忆功能,与许多神经退行性疾病发生有关.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.