腰椎椎管狭窄症患者手术前后脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化

目的 研究腰椎椎管狭窄症(LSS)患者手术前后脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数的变化,并分析参数之间的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月—2015年7月在北京朝阳医院接受腰椎后路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗的63例LSS患者临床资料,选取同期60名健康成年志愿者作为对照组.采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障...     

退变性腰椎侧凸脊柱-骨盆参数测量及临床意义

目的测量退变性腰椎侧凸(degenerative lumbar scoliosis,DLS)患者骨盆-脊柱参数并分析其临床意义。方法选取2006年3月—2014年3月在本院脊柱外科就诊的DLS且有完整影像学资料的患者30例(DLS组)及影像学资料完整的无DLS者30例(对照组),测量2组的骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacrum slope,SS)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、矢状位平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。结果 DLS组的LL值明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PT、SVA值明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组的SS、PI及TK值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组的SS与LL、PT与SVA均有相关性。对照组骨盆参数之间(PI、SS及PT)均有相关性,但DLS组骨盆参数之间均无相关性。对照组中LL与SVA显著相关,但DLS组中LL与SVA无相关性。结论骨盆形态的变化与脊柱的矢状位序列密切相关,DLS患者表现为更小的LL以及更大的SVA。     

Comparative study of spinopelvic sagittal alignment between patients with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis

Introduction

To date, few studies have focused on spinopelvic sagittal alignment as a predisposing factor for the development of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). The objectives of this study were to compare differences in spinopelvic sagittal alignment between patients with or without DS and to elucidate factors related to spinopelvic sagittal alignment.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 patients with or without DS who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis were assessed in this study. Fifty patients with DS (DS group) and 50 age- and gender-matched patients without DS (non-DS group) were enrolled. Spinopelvic parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), L4 slope, L5 slope, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and sagittal balance were compared between the two groups. In the DS group, the percentage of vertebral slip (% slip) was also measured.

Results

Several spinopelvic parameters, PI, SS, L4 slope, L5 slope, TK and LL, in the DS group were significantly greater than those in the non-DS group, and PI had positive correlation with % slip (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Degrees of correlations among spinopelvic parameters differed between the two groups. In the DS group, PI was more strongly correlated with SS (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) than with PT (r = 0.41, p < 0.01). In the non-DS group, PI was more strongly correlated with PT (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) than with SS (r = 0.38, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Greater PI may lead to the development and the progression of vertebral slip. Different compensatory mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in DS and non-DS patients.     

Importance of sagittal alignment in spinal deformity

To maintain proper function and an erect posture, the spine compensates by changing the amount of kyphosis or lordosis at each region. However, in the setting of severe spinal malalignment, the compensatory motion of the spine may be inadequate, and may lead to compensatory spinopelvic and postural changes, which increase energy for standing and ambulation. Sagittal alignment has been shown through numerous studies to affect patient reported outcome scores. The goals of sagittal alignment are SVA < 50 mm, PI –LL < 20°, with various other equations (PI − LL < 10°, PI + LL + TK ≤ 45°, LL = [(PI + TK)/2] + 10) described to optimize surgical outcomes following correction. This review will look at the importance of sagittal alignment, how to measure spinopelvic alignment parameters, contributing variables to spinal alignment, and the clinical importance when spinal malalignment causes imbalance.     

Sagittal spinopelvic balance in normal children and adolescents

The sagittal spinopelvic balance is poorly documented in normal pediatric subjects. The purpose of this study is to characterize the sagittal spinopelvic balance in the pediatric population and to evaluate the correlations between spinopelvic parameters. Seven parameters were evaluated from the lateral standing radiographs of 341 normal subjects aged 3–18 years old: thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracic tilt (TT), lumbar lordosis (LL), lumbar tilt (LT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI). The mean values for the pelvic parameters were 49.1±11.0, 7.7±8.0 and 41.4±8.2° for PI, PT and SS, respectively. The mean values for the spinal parameters were 48.0±11.7, 44.0±10.9, −7.3±5.2 and −3.1±5.2° for LL, TK, LT and TT, respectively. The spinopelvic parameters were different from those reported in normal adults, but the correlations between the parameters were similar. PI was significantly related to SS and PT. Significant correlations were found between the parameters of adjacent anatomical regions. Pelvic morphology (PI) regulates sagittal sacro-pelvic orientation (SS and PT). Sacral orientation (SS) is correlated with the shape (LL) and orientation (LT) of the lumbar spine. Adjacent anatomical regions of the spine and pelvis are interdependent, and their relationships result in a stable and compensated posture, presumably to minimize energy expenditure. Results from this study could be used as an aid for the planning of surgery in pediatric patients with spinal deformity in order to restore a relatively normal sagittal spinopelvic balance.     

Sagittal spinopelvic alignment in adolescents associated with Scheuermann’s kyphosis: a comparison with normal population

Purpose

Spinopelvic alignment is increasingly considered as a main factor in the energy-efficient posture of the individual in normal and pathological status. However, the spinopelvic characteristics in Scheuermann’s kyphosis (SK) are poorly defined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences of the spinopelvic parameters exist between adolescents with SK and age-matched normal controls.

Methods

In this study, 55 patients with SK and 60 healthy age-matched adolescents were recruited consecutively. Sagittal spinal and pelvic parameters were measured from the standing lateral radiograph, including global kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis (TK), cervical lordosis (CL), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacrum slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). According to the location of the kyphosis, patients were subdivided into Scheuermann’s thoracic kyphosis (STK) group and Scheuermann’s thoracolumbar kyphosis (STLK) group. The radiographic comparison and correlation analysis were further performed.

Results

SK patients had significantly lower PI and PT than normal controls (32.0° vs. 45.0°, P < 0.001 for PI; 0.2° vs. 11.9°, P < 0.001 for PT). The rate of a negative PT was 41.8 % (22/55) in SK patients, which was remarkably higher than in normal controls (10.0 %, 6/60). The CL, TK and LL were significantly increased in STK group when compared with STLK and control groups. A significant correlation was noticed between TK and CL and also between TK and LL in STK group. Both TK and LL were decreased in STLK patients, and a significant correlation was found between them (r = ?0.687, P < 0.001). A significantly strong correlation was also observed between LL and SS in STLK patients (r = ?0.641; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Adolescents with SK have a significantly lower PI when compared with age-matched normal controls. Patients with different curve patterns (STK vs. STLK) could have distinct compensatory mechanisms to maintain the sagittal balance.     

Does surgery for Scheuermann kyphosis influence sagittal spinopelvic parameters?

Purpose

To analyze changes in sagittal spinopelvic parameters (SSPs) after surgical treatment of Scheuermann’s Kyphosis (SK).

Methods

We analyzed 20 patients affected by SK and subjected to posterior correction of the kyphosis by facetectomy, Ponte osteotomy, fusion and multilevel instrumentation with pedicle screw system. Four spinal and three pelvic parameters were measured: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS) and pelvic tilt (PT). Analysis of changes in postprocedural SSPs compared to preoperative values was performed.

Results

TK passed from 78.6° preoperatively to 45.8° (p = 0.003). LL passed from 74.5° preoperatively to 53.5° (p = 0.01). No significant changes occurred in SVA, SS, PT and PI compared to preoperative values.

Conclusion

We confirm the positive effect of surgery by Ponte osteotomy and posterior spinal fusion on TK and LL in patients with SK. In our experience, pelvic parameters did not change after surgery.

     

后路截骨矫形对腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者脊柱骨盆矢状面参数的影响

目的：探讨后路截骨矫形对腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的影响。方法：回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年12月采用截骨手术治疗的21例腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者的临床资料,男5例,女16例;年龄55~76（66.24±5.13）岁。手术前后均拍摄脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量脊柱骨盆矢状面参数胸椎后凸（thoracic kyphosis,TK）,腰椎前凸（lumbar lordosis,LL）,矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）,骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）和骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。结果：21例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间190 min（160~220 min）,术中平均出血量1 000 ml（800~1 900 ml）。术前与术后1年各项参数分别为,TK由（31.67±21.13）°增加到（34.67±11.60）°,LL从（4.76±3.17）°矫正至（37.41±6.28）°,PT从（33.94±5.01）°恢复至（20.12±5.36）°,SS从（18.47±2.60）°增至（31.71±4.30）°,SVA从（13.24±3.60）cm恢复至（2.82±1.33）cm,所有参数手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：后路截骨矫形手术能够有效地重建腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡,腰椎前凸及骶骨倾斜角的恢复与重建矢状面平衡密切相关。     

Radiological analysis of lumbar degenerative kyphosis in relation to pelvic incidence

Background context

Lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) is characterized by sagittal imbalance resulting from a loss of lumbar lordosis (LL). The pelvic incidence (PI) regulates the sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the spinopelvic parameters in patients with LDK and to compare them with those of a normal population.

Study design/setting

A cross-sectional study.

Patient sample

The selected patients showed characteristic clinical features of LDK. As control group, asymptomatic volunteers without spinal pathology were recruited.

Outcome measures

Full-length radiographs of the spine in the anteroposterior and lateral planes were taken, extending from the base of the skull to the proximal femur. Pelvic incidence, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), main thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar junction (TLJ), LL, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were evaluated.

Methods

In terms of PI, the patient and control groups were divided into three groups: low (PI≤45°), middle (45°<PI≤60°), and high PI groups (PI>60°). All the spinopelvic parameters were compared between each group and between the patient and control groups in each group. The correlations between each of the parameters were analyzed.

Results

We evaluated 172 patients with symptomatic LDK and 39 healthy volunteers. The number of LDK patients with low, middle, and high PI groups were 44 (25.6%), 72 (44.8%), and 51 (29.6%), respectively. In the control group, the number of low, average, and high PI patients were 18 (46.2%), 15 (38.5%), and 6 (15.4%), respectively. In the control group, PI determined all spinopelvic parameters except SVA. In the LDK group, PI also determined spinopelvic parameters except for TK and SVA. Lumbar degenerative kyphosis with low PI was associated with pronounced kyphosis in LL and TLJ; LDK with a high PI was associated with relatively preserved lordosis in LL with a flat or lordotic TLJ. In terms of pelvic parameters, low PI showed flattened SS and low PT, whereas high PI showed steep SS and high PT.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest the importance of the key anatomical parameter, PI, in the determination of sagittal contour in symptomatic LDK patients and normal population. Spinopelvic parameters and pelvic compensatory mechanisms in LDK patients differ according to PI. Identifying the spinopelvic parameters is useful when correcting deformities.     

Changes in the global spine alignment in the sitting position in an automobile

BACKGROUND CONTEXTStudies of the changes in spine alignment in the sitting position have been limited to specific spine segments. Because there have been few studies of global spinopelvic alignment in the sitting position, it is important to assess the changes associated with this position for such settings as developing future design of seats and achieving appropriate restoration of spine alignment.PURPOSEThis study aimed to measure changes in global spine alignment when people are sitting in car seats and to analyze the characteristics of those changes.STUDY DESIGNThis was a prospective, collaborative study of the radiological evaluation of changes in global spine alignment.PATIENT SAMPLEThe study included 113 asymptomatic adult participants (56 men and 57 women) without a history of spine disease or lower limb surgery, and with no current lower back or leg pain.OUTCOME MEASURESRadiographic findings were assessed by measurement of various angles: cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7-SVA), T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI), and T1 pelvic angle (TPA).METHODSRadiographs were obtained in the standing and sitting positions. The objective variables analyzed statistically were spine alignments (CL, TK, TLK, LL, C7-SVA, T1SPI, TPA, SS, PT, and PI) measured in the standing position, body alignments (CL, TK, TLK, LL, C7-SVA, T1SPI, TPA, SS, and PT) measured in the sitting position, and stand-to-sit changes (∆CL, ∆TK, ∆TLK, ∆LL, ∆C7-SVA, ∆T1SPI, ∆TPA, ∆SS, and ∆PT). Explanatory variables were sex, age, body height, and body mass index.RESULTSChanging posture from standing to sitting decreased CL by an average of 5.3°, slightly decreased TK by an average of 1.3°, increased TLK by an average of 6.8°, decreased LL by an average of 35°, decreased SS by an average of 49.2°, increased PT by an average of 49.2°, shifted C7-SVA backward by an average of 106.7 mm, decreased T1SPI by an average of 18.8°, and increased TPA by an average of 21.1°. Statistical analysis revealed that ΔLL was significantly decreased in elderly participants. After the stand-to-sit change, ΔTLK and ∆TPA were significantly increased in taller participants and ΔT1SPI was significantly decreased in taller participants.CONCLUSIONSAmong other changes, most notably LL is decreased and the pelvic tilt is increased when a person is sitting in a car seat. However, these changes in spine alignment differ with age and height. These findings may be useful for the development of future design of seats and for achieving appropriate surgical restoration of spine alignment.     

高低位腰椎椎间盘突出症患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态变化

目的 比较高位与低位腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态学差异，探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态学参数异常与高位LDH发生的关系。方法 纳入2006年1月—2022年1月收治的高位LDH患者53例（高位组），同时期性别、年龄和体质量指数（MBI）匹配的低位LDH患者53例（低位组）及单纯下腰部疼痛的非LDH患者53例（对照组）。在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量3组矢状面平衡（SVA）、胸椎后凸角（TK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、腰骶前凸角（LSL）、骶骨倾斜角（ST）、骨盆入射角（PI）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）等脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数。结果 高位组SVA、TK明显高于对照组，LL、ST、PI、PT及SS明显低于对照组；高位组TK明显高于低位组，LL、ST及PI明显低于低位组；差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高位组L₁/L₂节段患者的LL、ST较L₂/L₃节段患者有下降趋势，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 骨盆水平化导致的胸腰段过度代偿可能是高位LDH发生、发展的机制之一。     

Radiological analysis of upper lumbar disc herniation and spinopelvic sagittal alignment

Purpose

A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed to explore the role of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in upper lumbar disc herniation (ULD) development.

Methods

A total of 207 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for single-level lumbar disc herniation [24 with ULD and 183 with lower lumbar disc herniation (LLD)] and 40 asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled. Full-length radiographs of the spine were taken to evaluate pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The Roussouly classification was utilized to categorize all subjects according to their sagittal alignment. Spinopelvic parameters and Roussouly classification results were compared between groups.

Results

There were significant differences in PI, SS, PT, LL, and SVA between the ULD, LLD, and control groups. PI in the ULD (40.9°) was significantly lower than in the LLD and control groups (48.8° and 47.6°, respectively). LL was significantly lower in the ULD than in the LLD (?32.4° and ?40°, respectively). There were significant differences between the three groups in Roussouly types. The LLD had a significantly higher proportion (62.6 %) of type 2 lordosis (flat back), and the ULD had a higher proportion (33.3 %) of type 1 lordosis than the other groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the importance of PI and lumbar curvature in the pathogenesis of ULD. The higher prevalence of short LL and long TK with low PI in the ULD group implies that an increased mechanical stress at this level may be one of the risk factors of ULD.

     

中国部分地区汉族儿童和青少年脊柱矢状位参数变化

目的 探讨中国部分地区汉族儿童和青少年脊柱矢状位参数正常值并阐明其随年龄的变化趋势.方法 纳入2013年1月—2018年8月于河北中石油中心医院及海军军医大学长海医院就诊的656名无症状中国汉族儿童和青少年志愿者(4～18岁).收集研究对象性别、年龄和Risser征分级等资料,通过站立位脊柱全长侧位X线片测量胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、胸腰交界区后凸角(TLJA)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、矢状位偏移(SVA)等参数.将研究对象按年龄分为4～6岁、7～9岁、10～12岁、13～15岁、16～18岁5组,比较矢状位参数随年龄变化的趋势.结果 656名汉族儿童和青少年人群的TK为30.41°±10.44°,LL为49.95°±9.04°,TLJA为3.71°±7.55°,PI为41.84°±7.47°,SS为34.08°±6.49°,PT为7.76°±7.11°,SVA为(-0.01±21.57)mm.随着年龄增长,青少年的Risser征分级、PI及PT较儿童增大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Risser征分级、PI、PT、SS、TK、LL的变化均与年龄变化有关(P<0.05),其中PI与年龄关系最为密切,随年龄增大而逐渐增大,并且在4～15岁时上升较快,在16～18岁时上升趋势减缓.结论 中国部分地区汉族儿童和青少年脊柱矢状位参数随年龄增长而变化,其中PI随年龄增长而增大的规律最为明显.     

Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients

Background contextFixed sagittal imbalance (FSI) may result from loss of adequate lumbar lordosis (LL) after spinal fusion. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a fixed anatomical parameter that determines LL and overall spinal sagittal alignment.PurposeWe describe the spinopelvic parameters in a series of patients with postfusion FSI. We hypothesize that patients who develop postfusion FSI may have a high PI and are thus more at risk from a loss of adequate LL.Study designRetrospective chart and image review.Patient sampleConsecutive patients with degenerative spine disease with clinically significant postoperative FSI after fusion.Methods/outcome measuresWe evaluated 36-in full spine films for PI, LL, pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and C7 plumb line.ResultsFifteen patients with clinically significant FSI were identified: 13 women and 2 men (mean age, 63.3 years). They had undergone a mean of 2.9 prior spine surgeries. The mean PI was elevated at 66.7° (normal 48–55°), mean PT was elevated at 35.5° (normal 12–18°), mean LL was reduced at 11.8° (normal 43–61°), mean TK was reduced at 19.3° (normal 41–48°), and mean C7 plumb line was elevated at 13.1 cm (normal <3 cm).ConclusionsIn the current series, patients with FSI after spinal fusion had an elevated PI and inadequate LL. They attempted to compensate for FSI with reduced TK and with increased pelvic retroversion (PT). Overall, it is important to identify sagittal spinopelvic parameters and promote sagittal balance when performing lumbar fusions.     

The characteristics of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degenerative diseases

Purpose

A comparative study of the spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degeneration or herniation (LDD/LDH) in normal population was designed to analyse the role of sagittal anatomical parameter (pelvic incidence, PI) and positional parameters in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. Several comparative studies of these patients with asymptomatic controls have been done. However, in previous studies without lumbar MRI, a certain number of asymptomatic LDD patients should have been included in the control group and then impacted on the results.

Methods

Based on MRI findings, we divided 60 LDD or LDH patients and 110 asymptomatic volunteers into the normal group (NG) and the degeneration group (DG), which was further subdivided into the symptomatic (SDG) and asymptomatic (ADG) subgroups according to patients’ symptoms. Standing full spine radiographs were used to measure sagittal parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and sacrum-bicoxofemoral distance (SFD).

Results

The PI, SS and LL in DG were significantly lower than NG, while the SVA and SFD were significantly greater (P < 0.05). PI correlated well with the SS and LL in all subjects. However, the trend lines of SS or LL over PI were downward in DG. PI was similar in SDG and ADG (P = 0.716) but SS and LL were significantly lower and SVA was significantly greater (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

PI may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases. The secondary structural and compensatory factors would lead to a straighter spine after disc degenerative change.     

The pelvic radius technique in the assessment of spinopelvic sagittal alignment of degenerative spondylolisthesis and lumbar spinal stenosis

Background

Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are the most common degenerative spinal diseases. The evaluating of spinopelvic sagittal alignment of the two diseases using pelvic radius (PR) technique have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to use PR measurement technique to compare the differences in spinopelvic sagittal alignment between DS and LSS.

脊柱－骨盆矢状位参数及关节突关节角度对退变性腰椎滑脱的影响

目的：探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数及关节突关节角度对退变性腰椎滑脱的影响及相关性研究。方法：以2016年7月至2019年9月确诊的120例L₄-L₅单节段退变性滑脱患者为观察对象（滑脱组）,以性别和年龄相匹配的120例L₄-L₅节段退变性椎管狭窄患者为对照（对照组）。通过影像学资料测量如下参数：骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）,骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）,骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）,腰椎前凸（lumbar lordosis,LL）,胸椎后凸（thoracic kyphosis,TK）,矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,L₄-L₅头侧关节突关节角,尾侧关节突关节角及小关节不对称性。比较两组患者参数的差异并对有意义参数行Logistic回归分析。对退变性腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节方向与脊柱-骨盆参数进行相关性分析。结果：两组患者在PI、PT、LL、SVA、头侧关节突关节角、尾侧关节突关节角差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析发现PI、PT及头侧关节突关节角是腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素（P<0.05）。滑脱组头侧关节突关节矢状化与PI、PT呈现显著相关（P<0.05）。结论：高PI、PT及头侧关节突关节矢状化是腰椎滑脱的危险因素,并且关节突关节矢状化程度和大PI、PT密切相关。     

经关节突“V”形截骨与经椎弓根椎体截骨对脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡的影响

 目的 比较多节段经关节突“V”形截骨(Smith-Petersen osteotomies,SPOs)与经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)重建强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡的效果。方法 2000年8月至2010年6月应用SPOs或PSO矫形内固定术治疗39例强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。SPOs组15例,男13例,女2例;年龄18~42岁,平均(28.1±7.1)岁。PSO组24例,男20例,女4例;年龄21~53岁,平均(38.3±7.9)岁。比较两组患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访的脊柱-骨盆参数：胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilting,PT)。结果 除TK和PI外,其他参数手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义。术前测量指标除PI、GK及LL外,其他参数两组间比较差异均无统计学意义;术后LL、GK、PT及SS两组间比较差异有统计学意义。末次随访时,SVA、LL、GK、PT及SS的矫正丢失两组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论 对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,PSO能够获得更好的脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡重建,而SPOs易于发生远期矫正度丢失。     

Does kyphoplasty affect the global sagittal alignment in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) are common in elderly patients and may cause local kyphosis due to the vertebral collapse and wedging. Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) with polymethyl methacrylate is widely used to relieve back pain and restore the height and kyphosis of the destroyed vertebra Johnell (Osteoporos Int 17(12):1726–33, 2006); Wasnich (Bone 18: 179S–183S, 1996); Finnern (Osteoporos Int 14:429–436, 2003). However, the influence of BKP on global sagittal alignment (GSA) in patients with OVCF remains unclear.

Objective

To systematically evaluate the relevant literature regarding the influence of BKP on the global spinal sagittal alignment using the following radiological parameters: Pelvic Incidence (PI), Pelvic Tilt (PT), Lumbar Lordosis (LL), Thoracic Kyphosis (TK), Sagittal Vertical Axis (SVA) and Spinosacral Angle (SSA). Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was also recorded.

Methods

A systematic review of the English language literature dating up until August 2022, was undertaken utilising the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Of a total of 548 articles, 4 studies met the inclusion criteria (4 level III evidence) and were analyzed. Overall, 201 patients of mean age 73.8 years (69–77) had acute OVCF of one or more vertebra. The male to female ratio was 51:128. The number of fractured vertebrae was 235 (average of 1.17 fractured vertebrae per patient). Their pre-operative radiological parameters on standing x-rays showed a mean PI of 56°, PT 24.1°, LL 44.4°, TK 42.3°, PI-LL 11.7°, SVA 4.9 cm, LL/TK 1 and SSA 114.8°. The average VAS was 7.6 (2.6–10). All the patients underwent BKP and their radiological parameters on standing x-rays post operatively showed a mean PI of 55.3°, PT 23.1°, LL 45.1°, TK 41.4°, PI-LL 10.3°, SVA 4.29 cm, LL/TK 1.07 and SSA 116.8°. Their average VAS post BPK was 2.36 (0–4.8).A statistical analysis comparing the pre/post-operative GSA (111 patients, 3 studies with standard deviations) showed no statistical difference in PT (24.1° vs. 23.5°, P = 0.93), TK (42.3° vs. 42.4°, P = 0.57), PI-LL (14.4° vs.12.4°, P = 0.4), SVA (6.1 cm vs. 5.5 cm, P = 0.19) SSA (114.8° vs. 116.7° P = 0.36). VAS was significantly reduced post BKP (7.1 vs. 2.5 P = 0.004).

Conclusion

Performing BKP procedures does not significantly affect the global sagittal alignment in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. There was however, a significant improvement in pain scores in patients undergoing BKP at 1 or more levels.

     

Characteristics of Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Severe and Rigid Scoliosis

Objective

There has been increasing concern about the importance of sagittal alignment in the evaluation and treatment of spinal scoliosis. However, recent studies have only focused on patients with mild to moderate scoliosis. To date, little is known about the sagittal alignment in patients with severe and rigid scoliosis (SRS). This study was performed to evaluate the sagittal alignment in patients with SRS, and to analyze how it was altered after corrective surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we included 58 patients with SRS who underwent surgery from January 2015 to April 2020. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed, and the sagittal parameters mainly included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrum slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The sagittal balance state was evaluated according to whether the PI minus the LL (PI-LL) was less than 9°, and the patients were divided into thoracic hyperkyphosis and normal groups based on whether the TK exceeded 40°. The Student's t test, Pearson's test, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare related parameters between the different groups.

Results

The mean follow-up duration was 2.8 years. Preoperatively, the mean PI was 43.6 ± 9.4°, and the mean LL was 65.2 ± 13.9°. Sixty-nine percent of patients showed sagittal imbalance, and they showed larger TK and LL values and smaller PI and SVA values than those with sagittal balance. Additionally, most patients (44/58) presented with thoracic hyperkyphosis; this group had smaller PI and SVA values than the normal patients. Patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis were more likely to present with thoracic hyperkyphosis. The TK and LL values were significantly decreased, and 45% of patients with preoperative sagittal imbalance recovered after surgery. These patients had a larger PI (46.4 ± 9.0° vs 38.3 ± 8.8°, P = 0.003) and a smaller TK (25.5 ± 5.2° vs 36.3 ± 8.0°, P = 0.000) at the final follow-up.

Conclusion

Preoperative sagittal imbalance appears in the majority of SRS patients, accounting for approximately 69% of our cohort. Patients with small PI values or syringomyelia-associated scoliosis were more likely to present with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Sagittal imbalance can generally be corrected by surgery, except in patients with a PI less than 39°. To achieve good postoperative sagittal alignment, we recommend controlling the TK to within 31°.