金属氧化物陶瓷涂层高温阻氘渗透性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法在316L不锈钢表面沉积了 Al2O3,Cr2O3,Y2O3和ZrO2(8％Y2O3)4种单层氧化物陶瓷涂层.选用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对4种氧化物陶瓷涂层相组成、微观组织结构进行表征,结果表明,Al2O3涂层为非晶态,其他3种氧化物陶瓷涂层均为晶体结构,且涂层沉积致密,无明显微观...     

稀土氧化物对碳化硼陶瓷性能的影响

以稀土氧化物为主要烧结助剂,以碳化硼粉末为基体,采用真空热压烧结技术制备出碳化硼陶瓷.研究了成分配比、烧结工艺对材料致密度及力学性能的影响;分析了稀土氧化物对烧结温度及材料性能的影响,并确定最佳烧结温度;探讨不同添加剂对碳化硼陶瓷显微结构影响及烧结机理.结果表明,以稀土氧化物为主要烧结助剂,其烧结温度降低约80℃;碳化硼陶瓷的最佳材料配方与烧结工艺为:m(B4C):m(La2O3):m(Al2O3):m(C)＝70:6:12:12,烧结温度1 850℃,压力20MPa,保温时间1h;所得碳化硼陶瓷性能:相对密度92.5%,抗弯强度156.76MPa,硬度97HRA;分别以氧化铝和活性碳、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化钇和氧化镧为烧结助剂时,碳化硼陶瓷烧结过程中形成的新相分别为Al8B4C7、Y3Al5O12、LaAlO3、(Y3Al5O12 LaAlO3).其中含稀土相,尤其是新相LaAlO3与碳化硼颗粒表面有良好的结合,因此提高了致密度,降低了烧结温度.     

La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3(p)/TiAl复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

借助XRD, SEM分析及力学性能测试, 分析了La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响, 探讨了稀土氧化物（La2O3, Ce2O3）的细化机制. 研究结果表明： 掺杂稀土氧化物后产物由γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al双相、 Al2O3及Al4La或Al4Ce相组成;Al2O3颗粒分布于晶界处, 使基体晶粒得以细化;引入稀土元素后材料的密度明显增强, 氧化铝的团聚现象减弱. 力学性能测试表明, La2O3, Ce2O3的引入, 有效改善了复合材料的力学性能, 尤其是掺杂Ce2O3后, 材料的抗弯强度比未掺杂时提高了160%以上.     

添加稀土复合氧化物对耐火浇注料性能的影响

对Al2O3-SiC-C超低水泥浇注料引入稀土复合氧化物进行了研究,以便进一步改善和提高浇注料的高温性能.试验结果表明,配加适宜的稀土复合氧化物可以提高耐火浇注料力学性能,并促进莫来石(3Al2O3·2SiO2)生成,从而改善浇注料显微结构和高温结构性能.     

翼钢高炉炉渣的冶金性能研究

在目前的原燃料条件下,为保证翼钢高炉炉渣具有良好的流动性和较高的脱硫能力,以高炉渣中4种主要氧化物 (CaO、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO)为基础,实验研究了MgO、Al2O3含量及碱度对炉渣熔化性温度和流动性的影响.结果表明:为保持高炉顺行,炉渣的m(CaO)/m(SiO2)应控制在1.1～1.2之间,炉渣温度不宜低于1450℃.     

稀土氧化物添加量对激光熔覆磷酸钙陶瓷涂层组织性能的影响

β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)和羟基磷灰石(HA)被视为优良的生物活性材料。本文利用激光熔覆技术在钛合金(Ti6Al4V)表面制备一层含β-TCP和HA的稀土氧化物掺杂磷酸钙陶瓷涂层,通过光学显微镜(OM),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计分别对陶瓷涂层的结合界面、物相、表面形貌及显微硬度进行分析。试验结果表明:基材与陶瓷层呈冶金结合,熔覆试样可分为基材、热影响区、合金化区及陶瓷熔覆层4个区域;当La2O3添加量为0.6%(质量分数)时,涂层主要含CaTiO_3,Ti O,β-TCP和HA等物相;通过扫描电镜观察涂层表面形貌,发现稀土氧化物La_2O_3的含量对涂层裂纹敏感性有较大影响,当稀土氧化物La_2O_3添加量为0.6%时,涂层表面较为平整,存在少量孔洞及裂纹,此时涂层硬度最大,达到HV 1971。     

La2O3对激光熔覆TiC/Ni基复合涂层的影响

利用CO2横流激光器在低碳钢基体表面熔覆含稀土氧化物La2O3的镍基TiC金属陶瓷复合层,研究了不同含量的La2O3对激光熔覆镍基金属陶瓷复合层组织及性能的影响。结果表明,加入适量的稀土氧化物La2O3可有效改善激光熔覆复合层的显微组织,减少复合层中的裂纹、孔洞、夹杂;加速复合层中TiC颗粒的溶解和改善TiC颗粒的形状变化,同时,熔覆复合层的耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。     

CaO-Al2O3 渣系对 20CrMoH 齿轮钢中总氧和硫的影响

研究分析了CaO-Al2O3精炼渣系对140 t LD Al直接脱氧齿轮钢T[O]和[S]的影响.结果表明,控制钢包渣中CaO/Al2O3为2.5,可使T[O]降低到0.001 3%;当渣中CaF2为5%,CaO/Al2O3为2～3时,能够增强炉渣吸收氧化物夹杂的能力;当(SiO2)增至6%～9%时,其含量变化对炉渣脱硫性能影响不大.当(siO2)为5%～10%时,较佳的精炼渣成分为(%):60～65 CaO、20～30 Al2O3、5～10 MgO、5 CaF2.     

高Al2O3含量渣系高炉冶炼工艺探讨

针对当前高炉炼铁原料中Al2O3含量不断提高,导致炉渣中Al2O3含量也不断提高的新情况,从分析炉渣的物理化学特性入手,剖析了高Al2O3含量高炉给操作带来的危害,并分析了在高Al2O3含量条件下改变炉渣碱度、成分对高炉冶炼的影响,探讨了高Al2O3含量条件下高炉的冶炼工艺.分析表明,炉渣中Al2O3含量高时,不能通过提高碱度的方法改善炉渣的脱硫能力;适宜地提高炉渣中MgO的含量,将有助于降低炉渣粘度和提高炉渣脱硫能力,渣中适宜的MgO含量应为8%～11%;提出了合理添加MgO的新型工艺.     

QT-500基体上等离子喷涂8YSZ热障涂层系统的高温氧化行为研究

本文采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术,在内燃机用球墨铸铁QT-500试样上制备热障涂层(TBCs),并对其在1050oC恒温氧化条件下的氧化情况与时间的关系进行了研究,分析了扩散机理。实验中,分别提取恒温氧化2.5h,8h,15h,50h和100h的试样,对涂层的氧化情况进行表征,结果表明:在陶瓷层/粘结层界面和粘结层/基底界面均形成了热生长氧化物(TGO)层。陶瓷层/粘结层界面的热生长氧化物主要由Al2O3以及Cr2O3、尖晶石和NiO的混合氧化物(CSN)组成。粘结层/基底界面的热生长氧化物主要由Al2O3组成。自由表面扩散、晶界扩散和晶内扩散是元素在BC层中扩散的主要途径。     

论从实践理解世界的物质性和自然世界的先在性

马克思主义唯物论是一种物本主义形态的唯物论,还是一种超越物本主义形态、从实践理解世界的本质相关问题的实践的唯物主义的唯物论?这是一个我们必须搞清楚的有关马克思主义唯物论的本质规定性和精神实质的重大问题.在考察物本主义的唯物论及其思维方式的局限性的基础上,揭示了马克思主义唯物论是现代的、实践的唯物主义,并重点研讨了马克思主义唯物论关于从实践理解世界的物质性和自然世界的先在性的原理,以期为马克思主义唯物论进一步阐明人类世界的实践性原理奠定基础.     

Effect of cyproheptadine on the ultrastructure of the neurons of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus of the rat

The data are presented on changes in the rat arcuate nuclear neuron ultrastructure after using cyproheptadine (peritol, Egyt Pharmaceutical Works, Hungary) in a water suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily during 7 successive days and twice a day within 10 days. It was shown that cyproheptadine decreases the functional activity of the arcuate nuclear neurons, depending on the total amount of the drug used. Cyproheptadine-induced inhibition of the forming neurohormone release from neurons is likely to be one of the mechanisms of its therapeutic effect in Itsenko-Cushing's disease.     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue whose activity was revealed after alpha-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres. Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa. The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S1-S4. S1, S2 and usually S3 fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S2, S3 and sometimes S1 fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S3, usually S2 and occasionally S1 fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S4 fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors. There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Structure of the attachment of the vocal ligament to the perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage

The ventral attachement of the ligamentum vocale of eleven larynges (new-born and adults has been studied in sagittal, frontal and horizontal sections. 1. Supplementary to the known structure of the ventral attachement of the ligamentum vocale we have noticed collagen fibers which ascend in the inner angle of the thyroid cartilage and which partly cross to the other side. Sometimes a few fibers which are running downward have been observed. This structure of the attachement must be more firm than the known structure. 2. Moreover it has been observed that a lot of the angles of the crossing collagen fibers in the cartilage of the lamina mediana (near the attachement of the ligamentum vocale) are right-angled, whereas the angles of the fibers which lie in the laminae laterales in their majority are acute-angled. This phenomenon also is interpreted as a structure which makes the lamina mediana firmer. The fact, that this structure is not so evident in the specimens of the new-born as in those of the adults indicates that there are postnatal changes in the structure of the lamina mediana.