元素形态分析——环境与食品安全检测的新领域

清华大学分析中心主任张新荣教授介绍说，元素分析研究已经做了很多年，大家发现仅做元素总量对某些元素的分析意义不大，例如甲基汞比无机汞毒性大很多；砷化学形式可分为无机砷和有机砷，无机砷如三价砷和五价砷毒性很大，但其甲基化后则毒性大大降低。硒被认为是营养型微量元素，但是硒的各种形态中，有有毒的和无毒的之分，或者说是对人体有害或是有益的。过去我们说补微量元素，但到底是补哪种形态，无机硒还是有机硒，和氨基酸结合的硒，还是和蛋白质结合的硒，这个问题是很重要的。     

FCC抗重金属催化剂的研究进展

20世纪80年代以来，随着世界原油日趋重质化和劣质化，各国炼厂都大力发展掺炼或全炼重油和渣油的流化催化裂化（FCC）技术，以拓宽FCC原料油来源，满足全球市场对轻质油品的需求，最大限度的提高经济效益．与常规FCC原料油（如AGO和VGO）相比，渣油或重油中Ni、V、Fe、Cu等金属含量明显偏高，严重污染了FCC催化剂，其中影响最大的是镍和钒，它们沉积在催化剂上，导致催化剂裂化活性下降，产物选择性变差，当钒含量很高时还能破坏分子筛结构，     

催化裂化汽油改质反应动力学模型研究

以催化裂化反应机理为基础，针对催化裂化汽油改质过程，把催化裂化汽油和产品按馏程和化学组成集总，建立了催化裂化汽油改质的六集总反应动力学模型，通过对实验数据的回归，求取了反应动力学速率常数，反应活化能和反应的指前因子。结果表明，该模型对原料和反应条件变化有较好的适应性，能较好预测不同条件下的产率分布和汽油组成，有助于降低汽油烯烃质量分数的研究。     

乙烷部分氧化制C2氧化物用Fe－Al－P－O催化剂的研究Ⅰ．超细Fe－Al－P－O催化剂的制备与表征

 用溶胶－凝胶法制备了超细Fe－Al－P－O催化剂，并用DTA－TG，BET，TEM，XRD，TPR和IR等技术研究了催化剂的微观组成和结构及其晶格氧活性，探讨了催化剂的制备工艺，考察了溶胶－凝胶的形成机理、凝胶干燥及焙烧条件对催化剂微观组成和结构的影响规律．结果表明，Fe－Al－P－O催化剂呈非晶态，是具有均匀分布的超细粒子（10nm），其比表面积大（238m2／g），晶格氧活性高．FePO4和AlPO4间隔分布在催化剂表面，形成Lewis碱位（P＝O，P－O－Fe）和Lewis酸位（Fe3＋，Al3＋）．     

Zr-Ni/Al2O3催化剂上苯由H2O2氧化直接氨基化制苯胺

用浸渍法制备了Ni／Al2O3和Zr-Ni／Al2O3催化剂，用于以过氧化氢为氧化剂的苯直接氧化胺化制苯胺反应，并对催化剂进行了程序升温还原、室温氧吸附和氢吸附及XRD表征，结果表明，我们所制的Ni基催化剂对苯胺的生成都有活性，加入Zr后，催化剂中Ni物种更分散，低温可还原物种增加，室温吸氧和吸氢能力都增强，反应活性和对目标产物的选择性增大，Zr一方面使Ni物种进一步分散，增大催化剂的吸氢量和表面可还原Ni物种，有利于C-H键的活化；同时Zr与Ni的相互作用，促进了低温可还原物种的生成，使催化剂室温吸氧量增大，有利于苯的氧化，这种Zr和Ni的协同作用提高了催化剂的活性和选择性，催化剂的制备方法影响Zr与Ni的协同作用，使含Zr的两个催化剂的活性和选择性显示出差异。     

高频燃烧-红外吸收法测定土壤样品中碳和硫

应用高频燃烧-红外碳硫分析仪测定土壤样品中碳和硫的含量。样品称取质量为0.08～0.10 g，助熔剂铁添加量为0.50 g，钨添加量为1.60 g，将混合试样放入高频燃烧炉中，在富氧条件下高频感应加热燃烧，碳和硫被转化为二氧化碳和二氧化硫，再由过剩的氧气将二氧化碳和二氧化硫分别载入相对应的分析池内，通过仪器自动测定二氧化碳和二氧化硫在4.26μm和7.40μm处特征吸收带的能量强度，计算碳和硫的含量。经验证，碳和硫的方法检出限分别为0.003%、0.000 36%，测定值的相对标准偏差分别为碳小于3%、硫小于4%(n=6)，相对误差分别为碳小于1%、硫小于3%。该方法具有较好的重现性和适用性，能够满足城市地质调查土壤样品中碳和硫的分析质量要求。     

必需微量元素与儿童健康研究进展

就14种必需微量元素对儿童健康的利弊进行了综述，其中包括：铁、锌、锰、碘、铜和钼，铬、镍和钴，硒和锡，氟和钒，硅。必需微量元素与儿童生长发育息息相关，但过量则会对儿童产生不利影响。     

钼基催化剂氧化还原性质对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的影响

 制备了Ag0．3MoP0．6Ox和Ce0．1Ag0．3MoP0．6Oy催化剂，并用XRD，TPR，LRS，XPS和EPR对催化剂进行了表征，考察了催化剂的氧化还原性质及其对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能．结果表明，由于Ce和Mo发生相互作用，调变了催化剂的可还原性和配位不饱和Mo的量，使Ce0．1Ag0．3MoP0．6Oy催化剂对反应中间产物丙烯和正丙醇转化为丙烯醛具有较高的能力，从而提高了催化剂的活性．     

制备方法对NiCo/MgO催化剂结构及其甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能的影响

为进一步提高镍基催化剂的抗积炭能力，增强其甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能，采用沉积沉淀法（DP）、共沉淀法（CP）和共浸渍法（CI）制备了NiCo/MgO催化剂。结合现代仪器分析表征技术，研究了制备方法对NiCo/MgO催化剂结构和抗积炭能力的影响。结果表明，与共沉淀法相比，沉积沉淀法制备过程为Ni²⁺和Co²⁺的完全水解沉淀提供了碱性环境，粒子的成核和生长速率相对较快，不存局部过饱和现象，所制备的催化剂具有良好的还原性、较小的颗粒粒径（9.7 nm）、良好的Ni/Co分散度（10.4%）和大的比表面积（68.1 m²/g），从而具有优良的抗积炭性能。对于甲烷二氧化碳重整，DP催化剂上CH₄和CO₂转化率保持在88%和92%，与800℃下的热力学平衡转化率相近；同时，H₂收率比CP和CI催化剂分别高约10%和43%，CO收率比CP和CI催化剂分别高约13%和42%，且稳定性更好。     

温度对含硅聚酰亚胺膜气体分离性能的影响

合成了次联苯基型合硅聚酰亚胺（ＳＩＤＡ－ＢＤＡ），研究了其均质膜对Ｈ２，Ｏ２和Ｎ２的透过分离性能与温度的关系，随着温度的升高，气体的透过系数和扩散系数增大，而溶解系数和选择系数则降低，此外，我们还讨论了气体在膜中的透过活化能，扩散活化能和吸着热。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.