交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖空心微球制备及应用

以魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)为壁材,通过羧甲基化并经乳状液化学交联制备球体较为完好的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖(CMKGM)空心微球.通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对CMKGM空心微球的形貌和粒径进行了表征.结果表明,KGM溶胶浓度为0.5%-1%、乳化剪切速率为8000r/min、环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为5ml时,可以得到粒径均匀、形貌规整、溶胀性能良好的CMKGM空心微球.增大溶液的pH和羧甲基试剂的用量均有利于CMKGM空心微球对水中Cu2+的吸附.     

一种磷酸根-羧甲基葡甘聚糖锆凝胶球的吸附性能

用氧氯化锆溶液交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得新型吸附材料—羧甲基葡甘聚糖锆凝胶球。探究了凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附性能,考察了羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、氧氯化锆浓度、吸附时间、pH值、温度和磷酸根浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明:298K时,凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附9h达平衡,当CMKGM和氧氯化锆浓度均为2.0%,磷酸根初始浓度为600mg·L-1,pH为2.5时,吸附量为186.65mg/g。利用Langmuir方程拟合实验数据,发现该方程适合于所研究的吸附体系。该体系为吸热体系,升温有利于吸附。     

一种羧甲基葡甘聚糖钛凝胶球的吸附性能

用钛交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得羧甲基葡甘聚糖钛凝胶球,研究该凝胶球对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的吸附性能。分别探究了吸附时间、p H值、Ti(SO_4)_2浓度、羧甲基葡甘聚糖(CMKGK)浓度、SDBS浓度及温度对吸附的影响。结果表明:Ti(SO_4)_2浓度为2%、CMKGM浓度为2%时制得的凝胶球吸附效果最佳,吸附反应在8h达到平衡,当SDBS溶液的pH值为4、初始浓度为2 000 mg·L~(-1),温度为298K时,凝胶球对SDBS的吸附量达到493 mg·g~(-1),而且吸附量随着SDBS溶液初始浓度的增大而增大。钛交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球对SDBS的吸附符合Freundlich等温方程,升高温度不利于吸附。动力学研究表明此吸附遵从准二级动力学方程。     

新型交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球对尿素的吸附性能

本文用CuSO4溶液处理羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得了一种新型吸附材料—羧甲基葡甘聚糖铜凝胶球,研究了该凝胶球对尿素的吸附性能。分别考察了吸附时间、羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、CuSO4浓度、pH值、温度和尿素浓度对吸附的影响,同时用红外光谱初步表征了Cu2+交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球-尿素复合物的结构。结果表明:310K时,凝胶球对尿素的吸附反应在9h时达平衡。当羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度为2%,Cu2+质量分数为2%,尿素浓度为800mg.L-1时,pH值为6.5,吸附量为101.85mg.g-1。根据不同温度下凝胶球吸附尿素的等温线,计算了吸附过程的热力学参数,同时用Freundlich方程对实验数据进行了拟合,发现该方程适用于所研究的吸附体系。该体系为自发放热过程,体系熵减少,降温有利于吸附。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖DEAE阴离子交换介质的制备及表征

以交联的魔芋葡甘聚糖微球(KGM)为基质,制备了DEAE型的阴离子交换层析介质,考察了反应物浓度、温度、时间等反应因素对魔芋葡甘聚糖层析介质离子交换容量的影响,确定最优反应参数.结果表明,层析介质的离子交换容量达到3.42mmol/g,蛋白吸附容量高达126.84mg/mL,蛋白洗脱率为90.42%.     

一种新型交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

通过Fe3+交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得了一种新型羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球,研究了羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。分别考察了吸附时间、羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、FeCl3浓度、pH值、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度和微球粒径对吸附的影响,同时用红外光谱初步表征了羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球-Cr(Ⅵ)复合物的结构。结果表明,293K时,微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附反应在12h时达平衡,当羧甲基葡甘聚糖质量分数为1.0%,FeCl3质量分数为1.0%,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为400mg/L时,吸附量达到0.4385mmol/g。根据不同温度下微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的等温线,计算了吸附过程的热力学参数,同时用Freundlich方程对实验数据进行了拟合,发现该方程适用于所研究的吸附体系。该体系为自发放热过程,体系熵减少,降温有利于吸附。     

葡甘聚糖凝胶及其衍生物研究(Ⅰ)

以魔芋葡甘聚糖为原料合成了葡甘聚糖凝胶(GM)和它的衍生物DEAE—GM弱碱性阴离子交换树脂。GM凝胶具有较好的碱、酸和热稳定性;具有分子筛作用;能把单糖和大分子多糖分开,能除去蛋白质制剂中的盐类。DEAE—GM的全交换容量是2.92—3.23mmol/g树脂,工作交换容量是40.8—42.2mg(牛血红蛋白)/ml树脂;对牛血清白蛋白的吸附量是15.76mg/ml树脂,并可以把羊红血球超氧化物岐化酶粗酶制剂分离成几个组份。此外,吸附固定化环状糊精葡基转移酶活性达3023.5u/g树脂。     

基于脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖固定酶的H2O2生物传感器

对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行了脱乙酰基改性处理,并用红外光谱表征了其脱乙酰基前后的结构变化.探讨了脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖溶胶-凝胶的制备条件对其成膜性能及酶固定化的影响.将脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖用于辣根过氧化物酶的固定,制备出了H2O2生物传感器.传感器在优化的工作条件下线性范围为1.0×10-6 ～6.0×10-4 mol/L,检出限为8×10-7 mol/L,稳定性良好.实验表明脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖是一种适用于生物传感器领域酶固定化的优良材料.     

交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖对Fe(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附行为研究

研究了交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖(Crosslinked carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan,CCMKGM)对Fe(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附行为。用FTIR和RAMAN对吸附产物进行表征。结果表明,CCMKGM主要以配位的形式吸附Fe(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ);吸附在60min内达到平衡,遵从二级动力学方程,其中Cr(Ⅲ)较好地符合粒子内扩散模型;pH对吸附量影响较大,适宜范围为3.0～7.0;CCMKGM对Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附行为符合Langmuir方程,而对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,其最大吸附量分别为2.7mmol/g和2.2mmol/g(298K);吸附为自发的、吸热的、熵增加过程。CCMKGM对Fe(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附具有吸附容量大、适宜pH范围宽、再生性好等特点,有望将其作为吸附剂用于污水处理及铁和铬的形态分析。     

绿茶对水溶液中Pb2+和Cd2+吸附性能初步研究

研究了绿茶对溶液中Pb2 和Cd2 离子的吸附和解吸性质。考察了pH、温度、吸附时间对绿茶吸附性能的影响,得到吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线。结果表明,茶叶在pH为4~6的弱酸性范围内对两种金属离子的吸附效果最佳,在30℃时,茶叶对Pb2 和Cd2 的饱和吸附量分别为46.66 mg/g和33.29mg/g,吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,并对吸附机理进行了初步的探讨。对解吸条件研究发现,用0.1 mol/L HCl和EDTA作为解吸剂,对Pb2 和Cd2 的解吸效果较好,解吸率达80%以上,可有效回收重金属Pb2 和Cd2 。     

Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions by chitosan functionalized with 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-formylphenol

Chitosan biopolymer chemically modified with the complexation agent 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-formylphenol (BPMAMF) was employed to study the kinetics and the equilibrium adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) metal ions as functions of the pH solution. The maximum adsorption of Cu(II) was found at pH 6.0, while the Cd(II) and Ni(II) maximum adsorption occurred in acidic media, at pH 2.0 and 3.0, respectively. The kinetics was evaluated utilizing the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation models and the equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. The adsorption kinetics follows the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation for all studied systems and this mechanism suggests that the adsorption rate of metal ions by CHS-BPMAMF depends on the number of ions on the adsorbent surface, as well as on their number at equilibrium. The best interpretation for the equilibrium data was given by the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacities were 109 mg g-1 for Cu(II), 38.5 mg g-1 for Cd(II), and 9.6 mg g-1 for Ni(II). The obtained results show that chitosan modified with BPMAMF ligand presented higher adsorption capacity for Cu(II) in all studied pH ranges.     

Adsorptive accumulation of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) from water on montmorillonite: influence of acid activation

The present work investigates the influence of acid activation of montmorillonite on adsorption of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous medium and comparison of the adsorption capacities with those on parent montmorillonite. The clay-metal interactions were studied under different conditions of pH, concentration of metal ions, amount of clay, interaction time, and temperature. The interactions were dependent on pH and the uptake was controlled by the amount of clay and the initial concentration of the metal ions. The adsorption capacity of acid-activated montmorillonite increases for all the metal ions. The interactions were adsorptive in nature and relatively fast and the rate processes more akin to the second-order kinetics. The adsorption data fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, indicating that strong forces were responsible for the interactions at energetically nonuniform sites. The Langmuir monolayer capacity of the acid-activated montmorillonite is more than that of the parent montmorillonite (Cd(II): 32.7 and 33.2 mg/g; Co(II): 28.6 and 29.7 mg/g; Cu(II): 31.8 and 32.3 mg/g; Pb(II): 33.0 and 34.0 mg/g; and Ni(II): 28.4 and 29.5 mg/g for montmorillonite and acid-activated montmorillonite, respectively). The thermodynamics of the rate processes showed the adsorption of Co(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) to be exothermic, accompanied by decreases in entropy and Gibbs free energy, while the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cu(II) was endothermic, with an increase in entropy and an appreciable decrease in Gibbs free energy. The results have established the potential use for montmorillonite and its acid-activated form as adsorbents for Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions from aqueous media.     

三乙烯四胺改性榴莲壳吸附水溶液中的Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)

采用三乙烯四胺改性榴莲壳,制备新型的改性榴莲壳吸附剂,研究其对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附性能。结果表明,吸附Cd2+、Pb2+的适宜条件为:pH 6.0,吸附时间120 min。改性后榴莲壳吸附剂对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附容量有了很大程度的提高,Cd2+、Pb2+最大吸附量分别达到39.30、53.76 mg/g。吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich方程。     

巯基树脂对重金属离子的吸附性能

研究了自合成的巯基树脂对重金属离子Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Cd^2 ．Ni^2 、Co^2 的吸附容量、吸附动力学、等温吸附过程等静态吸附性能，同时研究了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理．结果表明，该树脂对软酸型重金属离子吸附容量高．pH=5．0-5．7，低温有利于吸附，树脂对各重金属离子等温吸附在实验浓度范围内均符合Langmuir和Freundnch方程．吸附机理研究表明，巯基与重金属离子发生了离子交换和配位反应，化学吸附起支配作用。     

Poly-L-Histidine Attached Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Cryogels for Heavy Metal Removal

Poly-L-histidine immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) cryogel discs were used for the removal of heavy metal ions [Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II)] from aqueous solutions. In the first step, PGMA cryogel discs were synthesized using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a basic monomer and methylene bisacrylamide (MBAAm) as a cross linker in order to introduce active epoxy groups through the polymeric backbone. Then, the metal chelating groups are incorporated to cryogel discs by immobilizing poly-L-histidine (mol wt ≥ 5000) having poly-imidazole ring. The swelling test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize both the PGMA and poly-L-histidine immobilized PGMA [P-His@PGMA] cryogel discs. The effects of the metal ion concentration and pH on the adsorption capacity were studied. These parameters were varied between 3.0–6.0 and 10–800 mg/L for pH and metal ion concentration, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions of P-His@PGMA cryogel discs were 6.9 mg/g for Pb(II), 6.4 mg/g for Cd(II), 5.6 mg/g for Cu(II) and 4.3 mg/g for > Zn(II). Desorption of heavy metal ions was studied with 0.1 M HNO₃ solution. It was observed that cryogel discs could be recurrently used without important loss in the adsorption amount after five repetitive adsorption/desorption processes. Adsorption isotherms were fitted to Langmuir model and adsorption kinetics were suited to pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters (i.e. ΔH° ΔS°, ΔG°) were also calculated at different temperatures.     

水杨酸型螯合吸附材料对重金属离子的吸附性能

将5-氨基水杨酸接枝到PGMA/SiO2微粒的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA)大分子链上,成功制备了一种新型螯合吸附材料ASA-PGMA/SiO2。采用静态法研究了ASA-PGMA/SiO2对重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Pb2+的吸附性能,结果表明其对Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Pb2+具有很强的螯合吸附能力,吸附容量分别可以达到0.42、0.40、0.35、0.31mmol/g。体系的pH对吸附容量影响较大,吸附行为服从Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型。使用0.1mol/L的盐酸溶液就可实现重金属离子的解吸。通过反复吸附-解吸实验证明ASA-PGMA/SiO2具有良好的重复使用性能。     

Adsorption of some bivalent heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by manganese nodule leached residues

The leached residue, generated after selective extraction of Cu, Ni, and Co in sulfur dioxide-ammonia leaching of manganese nodules, was characterized and batch isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted at ambient temperature to evaluate the effectiveness of the water-washed leached residue for removal of different bivalent metal ions from aqueous synthetic solutions. The effects of pH, initial metal ion concentrations, amount of adsorbent, interfering ions, and heat treatment were also investigated. The uptake of metal ions increased with increasing pH. Under identical conditions the adsorption capacity increased in the order Cd(2+)相似文献   

Crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats fabricated by one-step electrospinning and ion-imprinting methods for metal ions adsorption

The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were fabricated by one-step electrospinning and ion-imprinting methods and their application as adsorbents for metal ions was also investigated.The resulting chitosan nanofiber mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were used as adsorbents for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous or acid solutions.The effects of p H values,contact time,content of crosslinker(glutaraldehyde)on Pb(Ⅱ)ions adsorption were studied.The results indicated that the Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats had the highest adsorption capacity of 110.0 mg/g at p H 7.The kinetic study demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)ions followed the pseudo-second-order model.The equilibrium isotherm data showed that the Langmuir model was the most suitable for predicting the adsorption isotherm of the studied system.The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats had good adsorption selectivity,which illustrates the equilibrium adsorption capacity in the order of Pb(Ⅱ)Cu(Ⅱ)Zn(Ⅱ)Cd(Ⅱ)Ni(Ⅱ).The Pb(Ⅱ)ion-imprinting electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofiber mats were stable and had good reuse ability.     

Competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions on microporous titanosilicate ETS-10

In the present study, the competitive adsorption characteristics of binary and ternary heavy metal ions Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ on microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 were investigated in batch systems. Pure microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 was synthesized with P25 as the Ti source and characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption, and zeta-potential. Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption data showed that ETS-10 displays a high selectivity toward one metal in a two-component or a three-component system with an affinity order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+. The equilibrium behaviors of heavy metals species with stronger affinity toward ETS-10 can be described by the Langmuir equation while the adsorption kinetics of the metals can be well fitted to a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model.     

13X分子筛去除水中重金属离子的研究

以人工合成的13X型分子筛为吸附剂,研究了水中Pb2 、Cd2 和Cu2 在分子筛上的吸附行为,讨论了Pb2 、Cd2 和Cu2 共存条件下的竞争吸附,并考察了水中存在的Na 、Mg2 、Ca2 等离子对分子筛吸附去除重金属的影响.实验结果表明,13X分子筛对Pb2 、Cd2 和Cu2 3种离子的吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量分别为2.47mmol/L、2.0mmol/L和1.78mmol/L.在竞争吸附条件下,13X分子筛对3种重金属离子的选择性依次为pb2 ＞Cd2 ＞Cu2 .水中存在的Na 、Mg2 、Ca2 等对分子筛吸附重金属效率有一定的影响,其中Ca2 对Cu2 在分子筛上的去除影响最为显著.