生长激素、C肽、血脂水平与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者与生长激素、C肽、血脂、血糖及高血压的关系。方法测定82例2型糖尿病患者,其中无肾脏病变组40例,有肾脏病变组42例,正常对照组39例,进行血糖（BG）、生长激素（GH）、C肽（C—P）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—c）检测。结果糖尿病2t组各时相血糖及HbAlc均显著高于正常对照组,糖尿病肾病组HbAlc、FGH、TC、TG、EDL—C及收缩压、舒张压显著高于无肾脏病变组及正常对照组（P〈0．01）。糖尿病肾脏病变组C—P（0h）及C—P（2h）均显著低于无肾脏病变组及正常对照组（P〈0．01）。糖尿病肾脏病变组病程明显长于无肾脏病变组（P〈0．01）。Pearson相关分析显示,HbAlc与FGH呈正相关（r=0．912,P〈0．01）,与C．P（0h）呈负相关（r=-0．803,P〈0．01）,与C—P（2h）呈负相关（r=-0．771,P〈0．01）,FGH与TC呈正相关（r=0．413,P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病肾病患者存在长期高血糖和脂代谢紊乱。空腹生长激素水平升高、高血压及胰岛B细胞功能障碍为2型糖尿病肾病的主要危险因素。     

染料木黄酮对高脂饮食喂养大鼠肝脏脂质代谢和AMPK磷酸化的影响

目的探讨染料木黄酮（Gen）对高脂饮食喂养大鼠肝脂质代谢和肝脏腺苷酸环化酶蛋白激酶（AMPK）磷酸化的影响。方法36只大鼠适应性喂养1周后随机分为4组：正常对照组（正常组）、模型对照组（模型组）、Gen高剂量干预组（Gen高组）和Gen低剂量干预组（Gen低组）。正常组大鼠给予基础饲料D12450B（脂肪供能占10％）喂养,模型组给予D12492高脂饲料（脂肪供能占60％）喂养,Gen高组给予D12492高脂饲料喂养和8mg／kgGen灌胃干预,Gen低组给予D12492高脂饲料喂养和4mg／kgGen灌胃干预。持续喂养12周后,处死所有大鼠。取血和肝组织进行相关指标的检测。全自动生化检测仪检测血清和肝组织匀浆甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平,游离脂肪酸（FFA）试剂盒检测血清和肝组织匀浆FFA水平,Westernblot法检测肝组织总AMPK和磷酸化腺苷酸环化酶蛋白激酶（pAMPK）的表达。结果与正常组比,模型组大鼠肝脏血清和肝组织TG、TC、FFA及血清LDL—C明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,肝组织pAMPK水平显著降低（P〈0．01）。与模型组相比,Gen低组大鼠血FFA、肝FFA和TG含量明显降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;Gen高组大鼠血TC、TG、LDL—C、FFA和肝TG、FFA含量明显低于模型组大鼠（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。与模型对照组相比,低、高剂量Gen干预均能显著上调pAMPK水平（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）;但各组大鼠肝组织总AMPK水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论染料木黄酮能够改善12周高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝脂肪代谢紊乱,减轻肝脏脂质沉积,其作用机制可能与其增加pAMPK水平有关。     

郴州地区汉族人群ACE基因I／D多态性与2型糖尿病的关系

目的评估郴州地区汉族人群血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin-convertingenzyme,ACE）基因插入／缺失（insertion／deletion,I／D）多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法,随机纳入340例对象,其中2型糖尿病患者128例,前糖尿病患者100例,非糖尿病者112例。用PCR法检测ACE基因I／D多态性,基因型分为II、ID或DD型。结果三组患者的年龄（χ2=32．09,P〈0．01）、BMI（χ2=16．10,P〈0．01）、糖尿病家族史（χ2=20．42,P〈0．01）和血清甘油三酯水平（F=21．289,P〈0．01）差异有统计学意义。三种基因型II、ID和DD的分布在2型糖尿病组为72例（56．3％）,52（40．6％）和4例（3．1％）;在前糖尿病组为64例（64．0％）,30例（30．0％）和6例（6．0％）;在非糖尿病组为81例（72．3％）,29例（25．9％）和2例（1．8％）例。ID＋DD基因型与II基因型2型糖尿病的患病比例差异有统计学意义（X2=6．68,P〈0．05）。logistic回归分析表明2型糖尿病的危险因素包括ACE基因I／D多态性、糖尿病家族史、BMI和血清甘油三酯浓度。结论ACE基因ID＋DD基因型与郴州地区社区汉族人群2型糖尿病的发病相关。     

大黄酸对糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响

目的观察大黄酸对糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞-肌成纤维细胞转分化（EMT）的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组（N组，n=12）、糖尿病模型组（D组，／n=12）、糖尿病大黄酸干预组[R组，n=12，大黄酸100mg／（kg·d）灌胃]。成模后第8周末及16周末各组分别处死6只大鼠，测定24h尿蛋白排泄量、血肌酐；HE及MASSON染色法观察肾脏病理改变；免疫组织化学法检测E钙档蛋白（E-cad）、α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、纤连蛋白（FN）及转化生长因子13，（TGF-β1）的表达。结果（1）与N组比较，D组大鼠肾小管间质损伤指数、肾间质胶原面积明显增加（P〈0．01）；（2）D组大鼠肾小管上皮细胞E-cad阳性表达显著低于N组，α-SMA、FN和TGF-β1阳性表达均显著高于N组，E-cad表达和TGF-β1表达呈负相关（rs=-0．60，P〈0．05），α-SMA、FN表达和TGF-β1表达呈正相关（rs=0．88，P〈0．05；rs=0．91，P〈0．01）；（3）R纽大鼠肾小管间质损伤指数、肾间质胶原面积较D组明显减弱，其肾小管上皮细胞的E-cad的表达较D组明显增加，α-SMA、FN和TGF-β1表达较D组均明显减弱（P〈0．01）。结论大黄酸具有减轻糖尿病大鼠肾小管间质病变的肾脏保护作用，其机制可能与下调TGFβ1表达、阻抑EMT有关。     

新生儿瘦素水平动态变化与胰岛素样生长因子—I、胰岛素及生长激素关系研究

目的：探讨新生儿期血清瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子—I（IGF—I）、胰岛素、生长激素水平变化及其对新生儿生长发育的影响。方法：采用放射免疫法检测100例正常足月人工喂养新生儿脐静脉和静脉血瘦素、IGF—I、胰岛素和生长激素水平，并按采血时间分为初生脐血组、早期新生儿组（生后4～6天）和晚期新生儿组（生后25～28天），采用新生儿体重、身长和RI指数评估新生儿生长发育情况。结果：脐血瘦素水平与IGF—I、胰岛素、生长激素水平和出生体重呈正相关，r值分别为0.45、0.374、0.56和0.646（P均〈0.01）；早期新生儿组血清瘦素水平（O．45±0．38）μg／L显著低于初生脐血组（8．51士5．64）μg／L，其下降值与此期间IGF—I的下降值呈显著正相关（r=0．28），而与胰岛素、生长激素和新生儿体重的下降值无关：晚期新生儿瘦素水平（1．83±0．73）μg/L回升，高于早期新生儿水平（P〈0．01），其增长值与血清IGF—I、胰岛素、生长激素以及体重的增长值呈显著正相关，r值分别为0．45、0．384、0．289、0．484（P〈0．01—0．05）。结论：新生儿期血清瘦素水平的动态变化与体重、血清IGF—I、胰岛素和生长激素水平有一定相关性，提示瘦素对新生儿期生长发育和能量代谢方面发挥重要作用：瘦素可能通过营养物质一胰岛素--IGF—1—生长激素内分泌轴共同调控新生儿生长发育。     

二甲双胍对大鼠2型糖尿病并发非酒精性脂肪肝治疗作用的实验研究

目的探讨二甲双胍对大鼠2型糖尿病（T2DM）并发非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的治疗作用。方法高糖高脂饮食结合小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射建立T2DM并发NAFLD大鼠模型,将成模大鼠随机分为模型组、二甲双胍治疗组,每组16只,并设立正常对照组20只。治疗组给予二甲双胍125mg／（kg·d）灌胃治疗。于实验第16（治疗后8周）、20周（治疗后12周）末分批处死大鼠,检测肝功能、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素和血脂水平,光镜下观察大鼠肝脏组织学形态,分别以免疫组织化学法和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）法检测肝组织UCP-2蛋白和UCP-2mRNA的表达情况。结果模型组大鼠血清转氨酶、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及血脂水平均较正常组明显升高,胰岛素敏感指数较正常组明显下降（P〈0．01）;肝脏于第16周末出现不同程度脂肪变性,第20周末出现严重脂肪变性;肝组织UCP-2蛋白表达高于正常组（P均〈0．01）,UCP-2mRNA表达于第16周末[（1．789±0．301）VS（0．245±0．087）,t=11．02,P〈0．011和20周末[（1．989±0．207）VS（0．262±0．058）,t=17．93,P〈0．01]均高于正常组,以20周末更为明显。在16周末（治疗后8周）和20周末（治疗后12周）,治疗组大鼠血清转氨酶、血糖及血脂水平均有改善,胰岛素敏感指数明显升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,肝细胞脂肪变性明显减轻。治疗组肝组织UCP-2蛋白表达在16周末和20周末均明显低于模型组（P均〈0．01）,UCP．2mRNA表达在16周末[（0．665±0．088）VS（1．789±0．301）,t=7．81,P〈0．01]和20周末[（0．610±0．102）VS（1．989±0．207）,t=9．98,P〈0．01]均明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义。结论二甲双胍可降低T2DM并发NAFLD大鼠肝脏脂肪含量,调控肝脏UCP-2的适度表达,对治疗2型糖尿病并发非酒精性脂肪肝具有一定的作用。     

阿托伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏NF—κB表达影响的实验研究

目的探讨他汀类药物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏NF—κB表达的影响及其可能机制。方法雄性sD大鼠60只,随机抽取40只腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg／kg建立糖尿病模型,余20只为正常对照组（NC）。成模大鼠随机分成两组,糖尿病非药物干预组（DM）及阿托伐他汀干预组（DA）。DA组予阿托伐他汀2mg／（kg·d）灌胃,NC组及DM组给予等量饮用水。大鼠12周后处死,取一肾组织抽提RNA,另一肾组织固定后做免疫组化。应用Rt—PCR扩增NF—κB基因,比较3组大鼠的NF-κBmRNA表达。免疫组织化学方法检测NF—KB蛋白表达情况。结果RT—PCR结果示DM组大鼠肾组织中NF-KBmRNA表达较NC组大鼠明显增高（P〈0．05）,DA组大鼠NF—κB的表达比DM组明显减少（P〈0．05）。免疫组织化学结果显示NF—κB在肾小管及肾小球均有表达,DM组大鼠肾脏NF—κB阳性的细胞比NC组明显增多（P〈0．05）,且着色较深。DA组的大鼠中,NF-κB阳性的细胞比DM组明显减少（P〈0．05）,且着色较浅。结论阿托伐他汀能降低糖尿病大鼠肾组织中NF-KBmRNA及NF-κB蛋白质的表达,减缓肾组织病变进展。     

血管内超声虚拟组织学成像对糖尿病患者冠脉斑块的临床研究

目的：用血管内超声虚拟组织学成像技术（virtual histology—intravascular ultrasound,VH—IVUS）研究糖尿痛患者冠脉斑块的组成和特点。方法：100例确诊冠心痛患者在冠脉造影（coronaryangiography,CAG）后行VH—IVUS检查,分为糖尿病组（40例）和非糖尿病组（60例）,对靶血管的组成成分进行分析研究。结果：糖尿病组餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白显著高于非糖尿病组．．糖尿病组NC（necrotic core,NC）、DC（dense calcium,DC）显著高于非糖尿病组,NC（11．0％±4．5％）对（7．62％±7．62％）,P〈0.01;DC：（5．6％±3．54％）对（2．9％±1．62％）,P〈0．01。糖尿病组VHD—TCFA（VHIVUS—derivedthin—cap fibroatheroma,VHD—TCFA）、VHD—FCA（VHIVUS—derived fibrocalcific,VHD—FCA）显著高于非糖尿病组,VHD—TCFA：74％对41％,P〈0．01;VHD—FCA：74％对41％,P〈0．01。同时,VHD—FCA和VHD—TCFA的糖尿病组显著高于非糖尿病组,54％对16％,P〈0．01。结论：糖尿病患者冠状动脉斑块以脂质核心和钙化斑块为主,同时薄纤维帽宽块和纤维钙化斑块的发生率较高．糖尿患者靶血管冠状动脉粥样硬化程度高。     

肠内营养中应用谷氨酰胺对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠继发感染的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养中应用谷氨酰胺（Gln）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠继发感染的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠95只，随机分成模型1天组、对照组、SAP＋肠外营养（PN）组、SAP＋肠内营养（EN）组、SAP＋EN＋Gln组，除模型1天组外，各组又分为4天喂养组和7天喂养组。分别在第4、7天检测各组各项指标，主要包括细菌移位、血浆内毒素、二胺氧化酶、肠转运功能。结果肠系膜淋巴结和肝培养出的细菌多为革兰氏阴性杆菌，以大肠杆菌为主，SAP＋EN、SAP＋EN＋Gln组显著低于SAP＋PN组（P〈0．01），SAP＋EN＋Gln组低于SAP＋EN组（P〈0．05）。各SAP组血浆内毒素水平显著高于对照组，以SAP＋PN组最高，SAP＋EN、SAP＋EN＋Gln组显著低于SAP＋PN组（P〈0．01），SAP＋EN组高于SAP＋EN＋Gln组（P〈0．05）。SAP＋PN7天组明显高于4天组（P〈0．05）。各SAP组发病4天后血浆DAO活性明显下降（P〈0．01）；7天后SAP＋EN＋Gln组回升和对照组无差异，其余各SAP组继续下降，以SAP＋PN组为甚（P〈0．01）。各SAP组的肠转运系数显著降低（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；SAP＋EN、SAP＋EN＋Gln组显著高于SAP＋PN组（P〈0.05，P〈0．01）；SAP＋EN＋Gln和SAP＋EN组之间差异无显著性。结论肠内营养中应用谷氨酰胺能更有效地降低SAP大鼠肠道细菌移位，从而减少胰腺继发感染的发生。     

低氧及跑台运动对大鼠心肌线粒体钙浓度的影响及机制探讨

目的探讨低氧及跑台运动对大鼠心肌线粒体钙及钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活力的影响。方法大鼠分为常氧对照组、常氧运动组、低氧对照组和低氧运动组。用MPA-心功能分析系统记录血压和心率,用荧光分光光度法测心肌线粒体钙浓度,用化学比色法测心肌线粒体Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase和Ca^2＋Mg^2＋ATPase活力。结果①与常氧对照组比较,常氧运动组和低氧运动组心肌线粒体ca“浓度升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,低氧对照组降低（P〈0．05）;与低氧对照组比较,常氧运动组和低氧运动组也升高（P〈0．01）。②与常氧对照组比较,常氧运动组和低氧运动组心肌线粒体Na^＋．K^＋．ATPase活力升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,低氧对照组活力降低（P〈0．05）。③与常氧对照组比较,常氧运动组和低氧运动组心肌线粒体Ca^2＋Mg^2＋ATPase活力升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,低氧对照组活力降低（P〈0．05）。结论单纯低氧对大鼠心肌线粒体钙浓度的影响与运动的影响相反,Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase和Ca^2＋Mg^2＋．ATPase活力的改变是原因之一。     

Effects of xylitol as a sugar substitute on diabetes-related parameters in nondiabetic rats

Abstract The present study was examined the effects of xylitol feeding on diabetes-associated parameters in nondiabetic rats. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (five rats), sucrose (six rats), and xylitol (six rats). Animal had free access to a commercial rat pellet diet, and ad libitum water, 10% sucrose solution, and 10% xylitol solution were supplied to the control, sucrose, and xylitol groups, respectively. After 3 weeks of feeding of experimental diets, food intakes were significantly (P<.05) lower in the sucrose and xylitol groups compared with the control group. Drink intake was significantly higher in the sucrose group but significantly lower in the xylitol group compared with the control group. Body weight gain was significantly lower in the xylitol group compared with the sucrose group. Weekly nonfasting blood glucose was significantly increased, but fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased, in the sucrose group compared with the control and xylitol groups. Significantly better glucose tolerance was observed in the xylitol group compared with the control and sucrose groups. Serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations were not significantly influenced by the feeding of xylitol or sucrose. Relative liver weight and liver glycogen were significantly increased in the xylitol group compared with the sucrose group, whereas no difference was observed between the xylitol and control groups. Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly decreased in the sucrose and xylitol groups, and serum triglyceride of the xylitol group, but not the sucrose group, was significantly increased compared with the control group. Data of this study suggest that xylitol can be a better sweetener than sucrose to maintain diabetes-related parameters at a physiologically safer and stable condition.     

Reductive effect of hot-water extracts from woody ear (Auricularia auricula-judae Quel.) on food intake and blood glucose concentration in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice

Genetically diabetic (type II) KK-Ay mice, male and 5 wk of age, were divided into four groups and fed test diets containing 2 (2F), 5 (5F), 10 (10F), or 20 (20F)% fat for 4 wk, and then the 5F group and one-half of the 20F group continued to be fed the corresponding diet and the other half of the latter group was given the 20F (20FHWE) diet with 5% hot-water extracts (HWE) from woody ear (Auricularia auricula-judae Quel.) for a further 3 wk. Remarkable changes in body weight were unfound among the dietary groups. The food intake generally decreased according to the increase in dietary fat content, but the energy expenditure was hardly different among the dietary groups except for the 20FHWE group. That of the 20FHWE group was further decreased compared to the 20F group. Water consumption dropped in the order of the 20F, 5F, and 20FHWE groups. The plasma glucose concentration was the highest in the 20F group, followed in order by the 10F and 5F groups, and the lowest in the 2F and 20FHWE groups. The contents of dietary fat were most positively correlated with the plasma glucose level. The present results using KK-Ay mice confirm that dietary fat levels control postprandial glycaemia, and suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of HWE is primarily caused by a reduction in food ingestion.     

苦荞麦蛋白提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠治疗作用研究

目的观察苦荞麦蛋白提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠的保护作用。方法将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为正常对照组、模型组、低剂量治疗组和高剂量治疗组。除正常对照组外,其余大鼠以高脂高糖饲料喂养15d,给大鼠注射25mg/kg的链脲佐菌素(STZ)造2型大鼠糖尿病模型。造模期满测定大鼠空腹血糖,以血糖≥16.7mmol/L者视为造模成功。低剂量和高剂量治疗组分别以20g/kg.d和60g/kg.d灌服苦荞麦蛋白提取物,正常组、模型组以同样剂量灌服生理盐水,1次/d,共持续8w。治疗结束后,取各组大鼠血清和肝脏,测定血糖、血清中脂质含量和SOD、MDA水平,同时测定肝脏GSH-Px酶的活性。结果与糖尿病大鼠相比,苦荞麦蛋白提取物显著降低了糖尿病大鼠的血糖和血清TC、TG、LDL、MDA的含量(P<0.05),提高了血清HDL、SOD和肝脏GSH-Px等酶的活性(P<0.05)。结论苦荞麦蛋白提取物对2型糖尿病有防治作用。     

不同n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸构成比对高脂饲料喂养大鼠脂联素和糖脂代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨高脂饲料喂养条件下,不同n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)构成比对大鼠脂联素和糖脂代谢及抗氧化能力的影响。方法50只雄性Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为5组:1个普通饲料组(脂肪供能比17%,n-6/n-3PUFA=5∶1)和4个高脂饲料组(脂肪供能比均为42%,n-6/n-3 PUFA构成比分别为1∶1、5∶1、10∶1、20∶1)。喂养12周后检测大鼠血糖和血脂(0、4、8和12周)、血清抗氧化指标(0和12周)以及睾周脂肪组织脂联素mRNA、蛋白表达和血清脂联素水平(12周)。结果大鼠各指标初始值组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。12周时,n-6/n-3PUFA 10∶1、20∶1组血糖显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4个高脂组血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其中20∶1组TG显著高于其余3组(P<0.01);4个高脂组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中20∶1组下降最明显,丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中10∶1组上升最明显;20∶1组脂联素mRNA表达显著低于对照组、1∶1组和5∶1组(P<0.05),5∶1组脂联素蛋白表达水平显著高于其余高脂组(P<0.05),而20∶1组表达水平最低(P<0.05)。结论较低的n-6/n-3 PUFA构成比(1∶1和5∶1),有助于改善高脂饲料条件下大鼠糖脂代谢及抗氧化能力,提高脂联素表达。     

明日叶查尔酮对2型糖尿病大鼠肝细胞胰岛素受体与胰岛素受体底物-2 mRNA表达的影响

目的研究明日叶查尔酮(Ashitabe chalcone,AC)对糖尿病大鼠肝细胞胰岛素受体(insulin receptor,InsR)和胰岛素受体底物-2(insulin receptor substrate-2,IRS-2)mRNA表达的影响。方法将用高脂饲料喂养加链尿佐菌素腹腔注射诱发的2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病对照组和高、低剂量AC组,每组10只,均喂饲高脂饲料,分别每日经口灌胃给予明日叶查尔酮的剂量为0、30、10 mg/kg。另设一个正常对照组为正常大鼠喂饲普通饲料,实验周期4 w。用放射免疫分析法检测血清胰岛素水平、逆转录聚合酶链式反应方法检测肝细胞InsR和IRS-2 mRNA表达水平、免疫组化法测肝细胞InsR蛋白表达水平、葡萄糖氧化酶法测血糖含量。结果与正常对照组比较,糖尿病对照组空腹血糖和血清胰岛素升高,而InsR和IRS-2 mRNA表达水平降低。与糖尿病组比较,高剂量AC组空腹血糖和血清胰岛素降低,而InsR和IRS-2mRNA表达水平升高,各项差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论明日叶查尔酮可上调2型糖尿病大鼠肝细胞InsR和IRS-2mRNA表达水平,改善胰岛素抵抗状况。     

高直链玉米淀粉对卵巢切除大鼠体内胆固醇代谢影响的研究

目的:研究高直链玉米淀粉(HACS)对因雌性激素缺乏引起的高胆固醇血症的影响。方法:将36只Wistar成年雌鼠随机分为6组,5组进行双侧卵巢切除手术(OVX),分别喂食不添加(对照)和添加10%、20%、30%、40%HACS的饲料,另1组进行卵巢伪切除手术,喂食不添加HACS的对照饲料。实验喂养4w后解剖,测定血清和肝脏中胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度、肝脏胆固醇羟化酶(CYP7)活性以及小肠、盲肠中胆汁酸总量和粪中胆汁酸排泄量等指标。结果:OVX组大鼠血浆和肝脏中胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度显著高于伪切除组大鼠。与对照饲料组相比,饲料中添加20%和30%HACS能显著降低血清中甘油三酯浓度;添加30%和40%HACS能显著降低去势大鼠血清胆固醇;添加30%和40%HACS显著增加了小肠中胆汁酸含量和粪中胆汁酸排泄量;各组间CYP7活性没有显著性差异。结论:HACS对因雌性激素缺乏引起的高胆固醇血症有明显降低效果,可能的作用机制是通过增加肠道中胆汁酸总量和粪中胆汁酸的排泄量来降低血液中胆固醇浓度。     

Phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity in rats fed deficient marginal,adequate and high level of iron

Phagocytosis and bactericidal function of peritoneal macrophages were studied in four groups of Charles River CD (Sprague Dawley) (10 males and 10 females per group) rats fed a low iron basal diet for five weeks supplemented with 0(2), 20(3), 35(4) and 140(5) μg Fe/g of diet. In addition, a similar group was fed a stock diet (1) for four weeks to compare the effects of the stock diet with those of the purified diets. At the end of the feeding period, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated.In all the experiments performed there was no detectable difference between the functions of macrophages obtained from male or female rats. Macrophages from animals fed diets 1, 3 & 4 ingested about 75% of the microorganisms after 30 min and 80–90 of the ingested microorganisms were killed after 2 hrs. However bacterial ingestion increased to 90% and decreased to about 50% from rats on iron deficient and high iron diets respectively. Bactericidal function was also impaired in the two groups for the first 30 min and reached control levels after 60 min.     

Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on lipids and ascorbic acid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Metabolic changes in lipids, ascorbic acid, and hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 by feeding polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg body weight) was injected in Wistar male rats intraperitoneally. Diabetic and non-diabetic rats were fed ad libitum a 20% casein-based control diet or a PCB-containing diet (200 mg/kg diet) for 9 days. Body weight decreased significantly in STZ-induced diabetic rats with or without PCB (groups PD and D, respectively). In rats of group D, urinary ascorbic acid excretion was 15 times higher than that in non-diabetic rats fed a control diet (group C). Dietary PCB caused 30-fold higher urinary ascorbic acid excretion in non-diabetic rats (group P) than that in group C. In group PD, urinary ascorbic acid was nearly 60 times higher than that in group C. Ascorbic acid in liver and kidney was significantly lower in group D than in group C, and it was significantly lower in group PD than in group P. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 were both increased by dietary PCB in group P. Addition increase in these enzymes was observed in diabetic rats by PCB. Serum total cholesterol was 1.8 times higher in group P than in group C. Further increase in serum total cholesterol was observed in group PD. These data suggest that metabolic changes in lipids and ascorbic acid induced by the dietary xenobiotic were magnified in STZ-induced diabetic rats.     

大豆异黄酮和皂甙对糖尿病大鼠抗动脉粥样硬化活性的研究

目的　研究大豆异黄酮和皂甙 (SPE)对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂、血浆脂蛋白脂质过氧化及血小板聚集活性的影响。方法　取 16只GK/Jcl雄性大鼠 (2型糖尿病模型 ) ,随机分为 2组 :对照组喂普通饲料 ,实验组喂添加 2 0g/kgSPE的饲料 2 0周 ,观察血液生化指标的变化。血浆脂蛋白采用序列超速离心分离法分离。结果　喂饲SPE的糖尿病大鼠血糖为 (11 9± 0 9)mmol/L ,动脉粥样硬化指数为 0 4 0± 0 14 ,血浆过氧化脂质水平为 (15 7± 0 5 )mmol/L ;未喂饲SPE的对照组糖尿病大鼠上述指标分别为 (14 2± 2 0 )mmol/L、0 5 8± 0 2 2和 (2 0 7± 3 0 )mmol/L ,差异有显著意义。由ADP和胶原蛋白诱导的血小板聚集率两组分别为 (5 4 1± 8 8) %和 (5 8 0± 7 9) %、(6 6 6±12 4 ) %和 (6 9 6± 9 4 ) % ,差异有显著意义。结论　SPE具有明显的降低血糖、改善动脉粥样硬化指数、抑制脂质过氧化和血小板聚集的作用 ,对大鼠糖尿病及其动脉粥样硬化并发症的发生可起到积极的预防和控制作用。     

Depressed immune response in the magnesium-deficient rat.

The effects of dietary magnesium on growth, food efficiency, organ development, splenic nucleic acids, and serum antibody were studied in two experiments with male Wistar rats. Diets containing 30% protein from casein were fed ad libitum. Rats were immunized intravenously with sheep red blood cells. Blood was obtained 5 and 9 days after immunization. In experiment 1, a group of weanling rats was fed 10 ppm Mg for 8 days, followed by 142 ppm for 37 days. Group 2 (controls) was fed 480 ppm Mg for 45 days. Group 1 weighed less but had larger spleens, kidneys, and testes relative to body size than did group 2. Nucleic acids per gram spleen were similar in both groups as were serum gamma-globulin and its 19S and 7S components. Antibody log titers for group 1 were 45 and 65% of control agglutinin levels and 44 and 80% of control hemolysin values on days 5 and 9, respectively. In experiment 2,200-g rats were fed 10 (group 3) or 480 ppm (group 4) Mg for 38 days. Most effects of the 10 ppm Mg diet were similar to those seen in magnesium deficiency in experiment 1. Antibody titers for group 3 were 30 and 25% of control agglutinin and 43 and 53% of control hemolysin values on days 5 and 9, respectively. Total serum gamma-globulin and its 19S fraction were similar in both groups, while the 7S fraction of group 3 was only 64% of the control value.