新型功能单体分子印迹聚合物的研究进展

分子印迹聚合物是近年发展起来的新型重要分子识别材料,功能单体是其识别性能最重要的影响因素之一,因此,对新型功能单体分子印迹聚合物的研究越来越受重视.基于分子印迹聚合物在固相萃取、色谱柱分离、传感器等方面的应用,对新型功能单体分子印迹聚合物的研究进展进行了综述.     

不同功能单体合成的分子印迹聚合物识别性能的研究

采用分子印迹技术,用不同的功能单体合成了槲皮素的分子印迹聚合物,测定了它们的吸附性能,并考察了模板分子与功能单体相互作用与印迹聚合物吸附性能的关系。结果表明:在四氢呋喃-氯仿(V/V 8:2)的溶剂体系中以2-乙烯基吡啶(2-VP)为功能单体合成的分子印迹聚合物的吸附性能最强,吸附量为4457.52(μg)/g,通过紫外光谱法测定的结果,在该条件下槲皮素与2-乙烯基吡啶的作用力也是较强的。     

分子印迹聚合物膜对氨基酸海因手性化合物的选择性结合和透过性质研究

合成了可对氨基酸海因对映异构体选择性分离的分子印迹聚合物膜。利用紫外光谱法比较不同功能单体与模板分子的作用能力。以丙烯酰胺为功能单体,在极性溶剂中制备了5R-5氨-基酸海因的分子印迹聚合物膜,通过Scatchard分析法研究膜中结合位点情况。通过膜透过实验研究印迹膜对外消旋体的分离特性。Scatchard分析显示聚合物膜中形成了两类结合位点,其解离常数分别为1.88mmol/L和5.14mmol/L;选择性透过实验表明膜中形成了与5R-5氨-基酸海因分子形状和功能基因位置匹配的孔穴。与非印迹聚合物膜相比,印迹聚合物膜对对映体具有良好的选择性。     

以锌原卟啉为功能单体的分子印迹聚合物对胞嘧啶的识别作用

以锌原卟啉(ZnPP)为功能单体,甲基丙烯酸为共功能单体合成了生物碱基———胞嘧啶的分子印迹聚合物.通过静态吸附紫外检测的方法,对印迹和非印迹聚合物与胞嘧啶及腺嘌呤、尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶的结合特性分别进行了对比,分子印迹聚合物(MIP)与非分子印迹聚合物(NMIP)对胞嘧啶的吸附率差值为20.8%,远远高于其他三种碱基,说明MIP对胞嘧啶具有分子识别能力,实现了对胞嘧啶的分子识别.     

杯芳烃吡啶衍生物作为液膜载体对金属离子的选择传质

超分子化学主要研究以非共价键弱相互作用力结合的分子聚集体体系,分别识别作为超分子化学的基础,是目前研究的热点.冠状化合物、天然和修饰环糊精以及环番等主体的分子识别已被广泛研究,而杯芳烃等人工合成受体体系的分子识别研究还相对有限.杯芳烃,正如环糊精一样,起源于19世纪,但直到70年代末,Gutsche对其大小可调的空腔产生兴趣,设想可以用来作为广泛的人工酶模型,对其合成方法进行了深入研究,优化出合成路线,可以方便地制备较大量的价廉样品,从而启动了杯芳烃化学的发展[1].......     

药物利多卡因分子印迹聚合物的制备及识别特性

利多卡因与甲基丙烯酸为功能单体分别在低温(0～4℃)紫外光照、加热条件下制备利多卡因分子印迹聚合物,实验结果通过Scatchard方程分析可知,低温紫外光照下制备的利多卡因MIP对利多卡因具有良好的选择性,并可进一步应用于临床利多卡因药物的分离富集和检测.     

杯芳烃衍生物对阴离子的识别作用

综述了杯芳烃衍生物对阴离子识别作用的研究进展。详细介绍了杯芳烃衍生物的化学结构修饰和分子结构以及其通过氢键和静电等作用对卤素、有机酸根、金属酸根等阴离子的识别作用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

乙酰水杨酸分子印迹聚合物的合成及性能研究

采用分子印迹技术,以乙酰水杨酸为模板分子,1,4-二乙烯基苯为交联剂,分别以α-甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为功能单体,合成了对乙酰水杨酸具有特异性吸附能力的两种分子印迹聚合物;它们对乙酰水杨酸都存在两类不同亲和性的结合位点,其中用丙烯酰胺合成的分子印迹聚合物对模板分子乙酰水杨酸的氢键作用力和结合能力都比用α-甲基丙烯酸合成的聚合物强。这对分子印迹技术用于环境、血液等复杂样品中乙酰水杨酸的分离和富集具有重要意义。     

锥形构象含氟杯芳烃衍生物对铜离子的高选择性识别

合成了具有锥形构象的含氟功能基团的杯芳烃衍生物1~3,并用单晶X射线衍射和核磁共振证实了其锥形构象。在混合溶剂中,研究了杯芳烃衍生物1~3对多种金属离子的识别行为。测试了化合物1~3的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱,结果显示铜离子对化合物1~3具有明显的荧光猝灭特性,而其它金属离子（如Na^',K^',Cs^',Mg^2',Ca^2',Ba^2',Fe^3',Cd^2',Mn^2',Co^2',Ni^2',Zn^2'）对化合物1~3的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射强度无显著的影响,表明化合物1~3对铜离子的识别具有高选择性。     

含腺嘌呤的杯芳烃衍生物的合成、表征及其对核苷碱基的分子识别性质

设计合成了一种新型含腺嘌呤基的杯芳烃衍生物(AC)5,11,17,23-四叔丁基-25, 27-二羟基-26-[1-(9-腺嘌呤)-丙氧基]-28-溴丙氧基杯芳烃, 通过红外光谱、元素分析、核磁共振谱和电喷雾质谱等手段对其进行了表征,确认为目标产物; 并采用紫外分光光度法研究了AC的分子识别作用, 通过测定AC与不同浓度、不同组分的核苷、碱基混合体系的吸光度, 证明了AC对尿嘧啶、尿苷具有分子识别作用, 能从其它核苷或碱基共存的体系中将尿苷或尿嘧啶识别出来.     

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Calix[4]arene Derivative for the Recognition of Acetanilide

Two molecularly imprinted polymers binding to analgesic acetanilide were prepared using either dual functional monomers of calix[4]arene derivative and acrylamide or single monomer acrylamide, respectively. The polymers were ground, sieved and investigated by equilibrium binding experiment to evaluate their recognition properties for the template and other substrates. Scatchard analysis showed that homogeneous recognition sites were formed in the imprinted polymer matrix. Our results demonstrated that the polymer using two functional monomers exhibited better selectivity for the template. This study may open new frontiers for the development and application of imprinted polymers, such as drug separation and purification.     

Selective Adsorption and Molecular Recognition by a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer: Kinetic Study and Analysis

This article presents an original work aiming at kinetically surveying the substrate‐selective mechanism from a molecularly imprinted polymer. With Bisphenol A (BPA) as the template, the imprinted polymer was prepared. The result indicates that the imprinted polymer presents a much more complicated sorption toward the template than toward its analogue. The rate constant in the case of the template appears to be a function of coverage degree. There are also significant deviations from the idealized Langmuir model. Related information indicates that these logically can be a result from the induced molecular memory within the binding framework, which makes the polymer capable of selectively adsorbing the imprint species.     

A New Phosphonium Calix[4]arene for Selective Anion Recognition: Synthesis and Studies in Solution and in Ion Selective Electrodes

The synthesis and characterization of a new tetra (triphenylphosphonium) p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 2 is presented. Its interactions with anions were studied by ¹H and ³¹P NMR and UV absorption spectrophotometry, showing the biggest interaction with ClO₄ ^? , I^?  and SCN^? . Anion selectivity in ion-selective PVC-membrane electrodes (ISEs) plasticized with o-NPOE containing ionophore 2 was also investigated. Compound 2 shows a potentiometric response for various anions with the following selectivity pattern: ClO₄ ^?  > SCN^?  > I^?  > Cr₂O₇ ^2 ?  > NO₃ ^?  > Br^?  > Cl^? .     

Selective Electrochemical Recognition of o-Phenylenediol by a Novel Calix[4]arene Derivative

A new type of calixarene-modified electrode has been prepared by directly coating the surface of a glassy carbon electrode with tetrahydrofuran solution containing 25,26,27,28-tetra-（3-amidino thiopropoxy）-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butylcalix[4]arene, and applied to the investigation of electrochemical behavior of phenylenediols. The results showed that the modified electrode could selectively recognize o-phenylenediol, making the over-potential of o-phenylenediol dropped and peak current increased greatly. The anodic peak current is proportional to the concentration of o-phenylenediol in the range of 1.0×10^-5-1.0×10^-4 mol·L^-1 with the detection limit （SIN=3） of 1.0×10^-7 mol·L^-1. The recognizing mechanism, including electrochemical process and binging sites, was also discussed using voltammetry.     

Theoretical Design and Adsorption Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained from Chloramphenicol and Acrylamide

Molecular simulations are widely used to model molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs) in order to enhance their adsorption and selectivity. In this study, chloramphenicol(CAP) and acrylamide(AM) were used as the template and functional monomer, respectively, and pentaerythritol triacrylate(PETA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate(TRIM) were used as cross-linking agents. The ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) density functional theory method was employed to simulate binding sites, binding energy, the number of hydrogen bonds, the imprinted molar ratio, which produced the most stable complex, and the interaction mechanism. The cross-linking agent was optimized based on the binding energy. The atoms in molecules theory were used to study the nature of the imprinting effects. The theoretical calculations revealed that CAP and AM formed ordered complexes via hydrogen bonding interactions when the molar ratio between CAP and AM was 1:7 using TRIM as the cross-linking agent. The CAP-AM complex(molar ratio 1:7) had the most stable structure, the largest number of hydrogen bonds, and the smallest ∆E. The experimental results indicate that the CAP-MIPs formed perfect microspheres with an average particle size of 314 nm. Scatchard plot analysis showed that the CAP-MIPs had only one type of binding site over the studied concentration ranges. The dissociation equilibrium constant and maximum apparent adsorption capacities were 1887.35 mg/L(5.84 mmol/L) and 155.56 mg/g(0.482 mmol/g), respectively.     

苯基脲类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的合成和识别性能研究

以N-(4-异丙基苯基)-N′-亚丁基脲为模板, 甲基丙烯酸为功能单体, 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂制备了分子印迹聚合物(MIP). 研究了MIP对苯基脲类除草剂的亲和性和选择性. 在二氯甲烷流动相中制备的MIP对异丙隆(IP)、 非草隆(FN)、 甲氧隆(MX)、 敌草隆(DU)、 绿麦隆(CT)、 枯莠隆(DF)、 灭草隆(MN)、 草不隆(NB)、 播土隆(BT)和伏草隆(FU)等除草剂呈现出较高的亲和性, 而非印迹聚合物(NIP)对文中所用的14种苯基脲类除草剂均表现出非常低的保留或几乎没有保留. 实验及Mulliken电荷计算的结果显示, 苯基脲除草剂分子中的N′原子是主要的识别位点.     

药物氟哌酸分子印迹聚合物膜的制备及其渗透性质研究

以聚偏氟乙烯微孔滤膜为支撑膜,氟哌酸为模板分子,用紫外光引发原位聚合方法制备了分子印迹聚合物膜.研究了模板分子与功能单体之间的相互作用,用扫描电镜表征了膜的表面形貌.混合底物渗透实验结果表明,分子印迹聚合物膜中存在着由形状和功能基团均与模板分子氟哌酸相互补的孔穴组成的通道,该通道可选择性地富集底物分子.     

Synthesis and Molecular Recognition of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Ibuprofen as Template

Ibuprofen and ketoprofen are chemically similar non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs widely used in the treatment of arthritis. Using a molecular imprinting technique, a simple and rapid method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Molecular imprinting introduces artificial binding sites into a synthetic polymer matrix, allowing it to exhibit selective rebinding of template molecules. Imprinted polymers can be regarded as an HPLC stationary phase, important for pharmaceutical analysis. Most molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthesized by free radical polymerization of functional monomers, resulting in an excess of crosslinking monomers. In this study, MIPs have been prepared with a ibuprofen template, which can form intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were used as the functional monomer and cross‐linker, respectively. Bulk polymerization was carried out at 4 °C under UV radiation. The resulting MIP was ground into 25?44 μm particles, which were slurry‐packed into analytical columns. Template molecules were removed by methanol‐acetic acid (9:1, v/v). We evaluated the template binding performance of the MIP using HPLC, with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 234 nm. Chromatographic resolution of ibuprofen and ketoprofen on the MIPs were appraised using buffer/acetonitrile (45/55, v/v) as the mobile phase. Results show that the MIPs prepared using ibuprofen as the template had a significant molecular imprinting effect. The method was successfully applied to the separation and analysis of ibuprofen and ketoprofen in pharmaceuticals.     

香草醛系列化合物分子印迹聚合物膜的渗透特性

以香草醛(Van)或邻香草醛(o-Van)为模板分子, 用紫外光引发原位聚合, 分别制备了以尼龙和聚偏氟乙烯微孔滤膜为支撑材料的分子印迹复合膜, 并用紫外分光光度法研究了模板分子与功能单体之间的相互作用. 模板分子及竞争物的混合溶液渗透实验结果表明, 支撑材料对膜选择性传输趋势基本没有影响, 但选用合适的支撑材料会得到更理想的分离效果; 当竞争物尺寸小于模板分子时, 尺寸效应起主要作用, 竞争物优先传输; 当模板分子与竞争物尺寸相近时, 尺寸效应不起作用, 模板分子的选择性识别位点及与其相匹配的孔穴起主要作用, 模板分子优先传输; 当竞争物尺寸大于模板分子时, 则尺寸效应和模板分子的选择性识别位点及与其相匹配的孔穴同时起作用, 故模板分子优先传输.     

核-壳型厚朴酚印迹聚合物的制备及性能研究

以表面修饰功能基团的SiO2微球为基体,以厚朴酚为模板分子,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,丙烯酸乙二醇二甲酯为交联剂,在SiO2微球表面制备对厚朴酚具有较好选择识别能力的核-壳型印迹聚合物.采用红外光谱及扫描电镜等技术表征聚合物的结构及形态.结果表明,该印迹聚合物表面成功制备了壳层厚度约为200nm的均匀印迹层.通过静态吸附、Scatchard分析法以及竞争吸附实验研究了该聚合物的吸附性能和选择性,结果表明,它对厚朴酚形成均一结合位点,离解常数为0.19mg/mL.