选择法在红旗岭矿区重力G8异常评价中的应用

为评价引起红旗岭矿区G8重力异常的原因,采用解重力勘探反演问题的选择法对其进行重新解释评价。根据剩余重力异常,结合异常地段及其外围地质、地球物理条件建立正演计算模型,进行正演计算并与实测重力异常曲线进行拟合。结果表明G8重力异常并非是由镁铁-超镁铁岩体引起,而是由地层密度局部增大及重力高背景场的局部重力低G11的衬托效应引起。     

Two-dimensional interpretation of gravity anomalies over sedimentary basins with an exponential decrease of density contrast with depth

The decrease of density contrast with depth in sedimentary basins is approximated by an exponential function. The anomaly equation, in frequency domain, of a prismatic model with an exponential density function is derived. The method has been extended to derive the Fourier transforms of the gravity anomalies of the sedimentary basin, wherein the basin is viewed as vertical prisms placed in juxtaposition. The gravity anomalies of the sedimentary basin are obtained by taking the inverse Fourier transforms. Filon’s method has been extended for calculating accurate inverse Fourier transforms. The accuracy of the method has been tested using a synthetic example. A combination of space and frequency domain methods have been developed for inversion of gravity anomalies over the sedimentary basin. The method has been applied to interpret one synthetic profile and one field profile over the Godavari basin. The method developed in this paper to calculate the inverse Fourier transforms yields continuous spectrum with accurate values. The maximum depth deduced from the gravity anomalies is of the same order as the depth encountered to the basement at the Aswaraopeta borewell.     

地形起伏对高密度电法探测地下岩溶管道的影响试验研究

高密度电阻率法在岩溶区找水具有较好的效果,但岩溶区地形复杂,高密度电法受地形起伏影响较大。为了提高岩溶区高密度电法找水的勘探效果,掌握地形起伏对高密度电法影响的规律,本文采用高密度电阻率法微测系统,利用铜柱体模拟地下岩溶管道,研究地形起伏对高密度电法探测岩溶管道的影响。研究结果表明:高密度联合剖面法及高密度α₂装置受谷地地形影响较大,容易在谷地中间产生虚假的低阻异常,矩形AMN和滚动MNB装置受地形影响较小;受谷地地形影响,高密度电法能勘探的有效异常体深度减小;同一电极距下,平地模型及谷地模型反演异常体顶部埋深均小于真实异常,横向宽度均大于真实异常,平地模型反演异常体的顶部埋深大于谷地模型反演异常体,横向宽度小于谷地模型反演异常体。     

利用重力梯度反演南海西南海盆深部构造

重力梯度异常反映的是重力异常的变化,其分辨率比重力异常高。重力梯度空间参量图能给出构造倾角和倾面的信息,结合重力梯度剖面和梯度空间参量图可以构建出地下构造的几何模型,进而对一些复杂构造进行解释。本文利用重力梯度异常对南海西南海盆进行了解释,得到大致以西南海盆北东向扩张轴为对称轴的穹隆状构造面。该构造面在西南海盆下6~15km处形成一个密度界面,此界面可能是西南海盆北西-南东向海底扩张期间地幔上隆所引起的。      

A quasi-explicit modification of the two time level family of schemes for non-linear transient analysis

A quasi-explicit modification of well-known two time level implicit schemes for first-order, non-linear initial value problems is presented. Stable and accurate quadratic families for the quasi-explicit generalized trapezoidal method (GTM) and the generalized midpoint method (GMM) are derived. Accuracy, stability and oscillatory behaviour of the proposed algorithms are studied. Much higher stability and oscillatory levels are obtained for quasi-explicit modification of the generalized trapezoidal method than those of the generalized midpoint method.     

A new approach to interpret self-potential anomaly over a two-dimensional inclined sheet using complex gradient analysis

A new approach is developed to determine the model parameters of a two-dimensional inclined sheet from self-potential anomaly. In this method, the numerical horizontal self-potential gradient obtained from self-potential anomaly is convolved using Hilbert transform to obtain the vertical self-potential gradient. The complex gradient is the sum of horizontal and vertical gradient anomalies. The horizontal and vertical gradients are plotted in one graph to form the complex gradient graph. By defining few characteristic points and distances along the complex gradient profile, procedures are then formulated using the analytical functions of the complex gradients to obtain the model parameters of sheet-like structures. The validity of the new proposed method has been tested on synthetic data with and without random noise. The obtained parameters are in congruence with the model parameters when using noise-free synthetic data. After adding 10% random error in the synthetic data, the maximum error in model parameters is 11.8%. Moreover, the method have been applied to analyze and interpret the self-potential anomaly measured on a graphite ore body at southern Bavarian woods, Germany to prove its efficiency where an acceptable agreement has been noticed between the obtained results and the other published results.     

二次判别函数在油气水层解释中的应用

在油田的勘探与开发过程中,每口井完钻后都要进行油矿地球物理的测井工作,以确定井下地质剖面的岩石学类别,划分出渗透性和非渗透性地层,并指出渗透性地层中所含的是油、气或是水。     

A Spatial Correlation-Based Anomaly Detection Method for Subsurface Modeling

Spatial data analytics provides new opportunities for automated detection of anomalous data for data quality control and subsurface segmentation to reduce uncertainty in spatial models. Solely data-driven anomaly detection methods do not fully integrate spatial concepts such as spatial continuity and data sparsity. Also, data-driven anomaly detection methods are challenged in integrating critical geoscience and engineering expertise knowledge. The proposed spatial anomaly detection method is based on the semivariogram spatial continuity model derived from sparsely sampled well data and geological interpretations. The method calculates the lag joint cumulative probability for each matched pair of spatial data, given their lag vector and the semivariogram under the assumption of bivariate Gaussian distribution. For each combination of paired spatial data, the associated head and tail Gaussian standardized values of a pair of spatial data are mapped to the joint probability density function informed from the lag vector and semivariogram. The paired data are classified as anomalous if the associated head and tail Gaussian standardized values fall within a low probability zone. The anomaly decision threshold can be decided based on a loss function quantifying the cost of overestimation or underestimation. The proposed spatial correlation anomaly detection method is able to integrate domain expertise knowledge through trend and correlogram models with sparse spatial data to identify anomalous samples, region, segmentation boundaries, or facies transition zones. This is a useful automation tool for identifying samples in big spatial data on which to focus professional attention.

     

起伏地形下可控源音频大地电磁三维数值模拟

起伏地形对可控源音频大地电磁(CSAMT)响应具有强烈的影响,因此在CSAMT数据处理解释时需要考虑地形。同时,实际的地下地质情况和地表的地形情况通常比较复杂,地质结构和地形大部分情况下都是三维的。在水平地表三维有限差分CSAMT数值模拟算法的基础上,推导了利用地下交错网格采样点处的总磁场计算起伏地形下空气-地下介质分界面处的总电场和总磁场的表达式,从而实现了起伏地形下三维CSAMT数值模拟算法。在算法实现过程中,采用伪δ函数代替麦克斯韦方程中的场源项和直接计算总场的策略,避免了原有的将总场分离成背景场和二次场的策略在复杂地质条件下难以选择合适背景电阻率的问题。为了直接模拟总场,起伏地形下三维CSAMT数值模拟算法给出了新的三维正演方程的边界条件。将模拟水平地表三维异常体和三维山峰地形两个理论模型得到的响应结果与前人算法的计算结果进行对比,验证了所实现算法的正确性和有效性。     

FX-3600P计算机程序在磁异常数据处理有关问题中的应用

经反复摸索、实践,充分利用FX-3600P袖珍计算机的现有性能,开发扩充新功能,井结合巧妙的编制程序,给出了磁异常数据处理中几个常规方法(磁异常延拓、分量转换、频谱计算等)的循环程序。部分题目上实现了以小机器算大题目,为数据处理工作提供了一个快速、简便、经济的新途径。     

维纳滤波技术及其在新疆地区重力场划分中的应用

基于维纳滤波原理,应用多层格林等效层模型模拟实测重力场的径向对数功率谱,采用改进的格拉姆-施密特正交化方法计算功率谱密度函数,确保了数值的稳定性,得到了较为满意的结果。通过理论模型实验,证实了利用维纳滤波方法提取深部场时可以保证低频成分不衰减的功能,能够较为精确地提取区域异常,从而实现频率域中位场的分离。运用维纳滤波方法对新疆地区布格重力异常进行了分离处理,获得了基于最佳滤波原理计算的新疆地区区域重力异常,并根据新疆地区布格异常和区域场特征,划分了9条深大断裂和5个一级构造单元。     

Representing the geological body heterogeneous property field using the quadratic generalized tri-prism volume function model (QGTPVF)

3D geological modeling should be an effective tool for accurately representing the geometric structure boundary and internal property fields of geological body. However, conventional methods have rarely focused on the expression of geological heterogeneous properties, known as 4D modeling. A volume function is defined as a piecewise mathematic function that describes a parameterized geological property field and created by fitting the property functions of certain 3D voxels. The quadratic generalized tri-prism volume function (QGTPVF) model is proposed for representing geological property fields with a sedimentary strata structure based on the volume function method and generalized tri-prism (GTP) voxel model. A QGTPVF is designed for borehole sample points, and it interpolates geological properties by fitting quadratic volume functions combined with the influence of geological geometric structure constraints, including stratum interfaces and fault planes. This research mainly focuses on the QGTPVF definition and fitting method, single GTP volume function is a continuous quadratic function, and a property smoothing along directionally adjacent bedding GTPs method is also studied, so geological property field is also expressed by the smooth function. A preprocessing method of faults geological structures is given, and the general framework QGTPVF is also discussed for practical applications. The QGTPVF model could be converted to tetrahedron voxel and 3D grid models for calculation and analysis easily. An example on a porosity property field is studied to verify the method’s accuracy and reliability by comparing to Kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation methods, and the result of accuracy and time complexity are better, so the QGTPVF provides a new solution for modeling geological property fields.     

隐伏地质异常地表间接显示模拟的遥感地质统计分析

根据隐伏地质异常表面产是接显示模拟实验的结果,经遥感地质定量分析表明,隐伏地质异常在地表的间接显示信息是以线性体复杂模式在被动遥感图像上得以显示的。     

Gravity and magnetic surveys and interpretation in the northern part of the K-G basin

The gravity and magnetic data along three profiles across the northern part of the K-G basin have been collected and the data is interpreted for basement depths. The first profile is taken from Gadarada to Yanam covering a distance of 60 km and the second starts from Zangareddiguddem to Samathkur covering a distance of 110 km and the third is from Kotturu to Biyyapuppa covering a distance of 100 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges. The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin, and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data, sub-surface geology and seismic information. The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon model. The maximum depths to the khondalitic basement are obtained as 5.61km, 6.46 km and 7.45 km for the first, second and third profiles respectively. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the khondalitic group of rocks using prismatic models.     

重力异常AlexNet深度神经网络反演

针对传统反演方法存在的初始模型依赖、计算时间较长等问题,提出了一种新的基于AlexNet深度神经网络的重力异常反演方法。该方法首先借鉴经典的深度神经网络AlexNet设计了一种用于重力异常反演的Alex反演网络(AlexInvNet),接着设计大量密度异常体模型并通过正演计算得到带标签的数据集,然后用该数据集训练AlexInvNet网络,最后将重力异常数据输入训练好的AlexInvNet网络直接得到反演结果。理论模型反演结果表明,该方法相较于全连接网络深度学习反演方法,能够更好地反演出异常体的位置和密度,具有较好的泛化能力和抗噪声能力。实测数据反演结果表明,该方法能有效解决重力异常反演问题。     

重力密度反演的自适应异常权函数法及其对东海钓北凹陷地层结构划分

重力密度反演通过将地下剖分为多个网格,计算每个网格密度的方式来实现,现今方法计算结果分辨率较低。本文提出自适应权函数三维密度反演方法,通过上半空间不同高度异常凸显不同埋深地质体的特征,建立相应的空间异常权函数进行迭代反演,从而提升结果的收敛性和分辨率。模型试验表明,自适应异常权函数密度反演方法相对已有方法能有效提升分辨率和精度,且具有良好的抗噪声干扰能力。利用所提出的反演方法重建东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带空间密度结构,分析东部坳陷带中生界残留分布特征。结果表明,东部坳陷带内中生界分布南北差异明显,南部钓北凹陷中生界广泛分布,厚度较大,约4 km,颠覆了以往盆地北部西湖凹陷中生界较薄、两个凹陷中生界特征一致的认识。因此钓北凹陷中生界为陆缘坳陷型盆地,盆地范围局限于现今盆地中南部。     

A postulated granite near Builth Wells,Mid‐Wales,and its local and regional significance

New gravity measurements taken to the northeast of Builth Wells reveal, after removal of a regional field, a negative gravity anomaly of 28 gravity units magnitude and some 7 km × 5 km in extent. The anomaly can be modelled in terms of a near‐surface, three‐dimensional body some 1.7 km in thickness with a density contrast of − 0.30 Mg m⁻³, which corresponds to an actual density of 2.45 Mg m⁻³. We interpret this body as a granite whose low density is the result of the percolating fluids which it heated and ultimately gave rise to the hydrothermal system near Builth Wells. This is the first indication of the possible presence of a granite that is associated with the back‐arc basin that formed during the subduction of the lapetus Ocean beneath Eastern Avalonia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏高原及邻区大地水准面异常场源结构

以青藏高原及邻区地形、地震层析成像、沉积层底面、Moho面及岩石层底面资料为基础 ,讨论了由地形起伏、地球内部各界面以及物质密度不均匀引起的大地水准面异常的计算方法 ,正演计算出青藏高原及邻区岩石圈内部物质不均匀产生的大地水准面异常 ,并把从全阶大地水准面异常中扣除正演模拟得到的岩石圈大地水准面异常与不同阶次波段的大地水准面进行比较 ,以寻求表示青藏高原及邻区地幔物质不均匀的大地水准面异常球谐函数的最佳阶次。结合地震层析成像资料分析结果得出 ,表示青藏高原及邻区下地幔、上地幔及岩石圈物质不均匀的大地水准面异常球谐函数的阶次范围分别为 2 6阶 ,7 60阶和 61 3 60阶。     

基于2m测温法的地热异常区探测及地温预测

地热异常区的探测对于地热能开发利用至关重要。利用2 m测温法和相关仪器对厦门东山某热泉地区进行实地探测,获取1~2m深度地层温度和导热系数数据,绘制研究区2m深度温度等值线图和浅层热流密度分布云图,圈定地热异常区。运用一维稳态热传导模型对研究区20 m深度地温进行反演,并与研究区20m深度实测温度进行对比分析。结果表明,2m测温法对地热异常区探测效果明显,一维稳态热传导模型对于20m深度地温的预测结果与实测结果较为一致。该方法可以作为地热探测初期的有效手段。     

基于上限分析的边坡稳定可靠性评估

从塑性极限分析出发,基于上限分析构建边坡极限状态可靠度计算模型;针对状态函数高度非线性导致常规可靠度方法求解时存在困难的问题,将响应面模型作为极限状态函数与可靠度计算间"桥梁",利用二次正交原理优化取样点,建立考虑参数相关性的二次响应面替代函数。利用JC法直接求得边坡可靠指标的一个上限解,讨论了单个及多个参数变异性对边坡可靠度的影响。