MSP问题NP完全性研究

针对文献[1,2]提出的MSP问题,研究了MSP问题与着色问题、子图同构问题的对应关系,揭示了MSP问题所反映的NP完全问题的共性;分析了MSP问题的相变现象,为文献[1,2]提出的多项式时间算法框架的测试提供了难例产生方法。     

支配问题的研究进展

复杂性理论中,支配问题是一类重要的问题,被广泛应用于资源分配、电话交换网络和无线传感器网络等领域。支配问题主要包括点支配集(VDS)问题和边支配集(EDS)问题两大类。人们利用动态规划、加权分治等技术对VDS和EDS问题的精确算法进行设计与分析,并通过将EDS问题转化为边覆盖集问题提出了EDS问题的近似算法。近年来对参数化支配问题做了大量研究。目前已经证明了平面图中VDS问题和一般图中EDS问题都是固定参数可解的(FPT)。利用树分解和分支搜索等技术,人们分别对平面图VDS问题和一般图EDS问题提出了一系列FPT算法。文中对VDS和EDS问题进行了分类,给出了每类问题的具体定义及其相关算法介绍,此外还对矩阵支配集问题进行了简单介绍,并提出了支配问题研究中值得关注的几个方面。     

Java中文问题

针对Java中出现的中文问题,从Servlet中文问题、资源文件的中文问题、JDBC中文问题等三个方面进行了问题的提出,并给出了解决方案。     

雷达铝合金铸件机加工典型问题探讨

该文总结了雷达产品中铝合金铸件在机加工中存在的典型问题：毛坯划线问题、热处理后精加工基准选择问题和基准变形问题。作者在分析了以上问题存在原因的基础上,结合相关企业的经验,给出了解决这些问题的工艺方法。     

排课表问题的闭环DNA计算模型的算法

排课表问题是NP-完全问题。基于闭环DNA计算模型引入多种生化实验得出求解排课表问题的DNA算法。本算法采用两部编码方式产生初始数据池，引入批删除实验解决了教师和班级的冲突问题和同班课问题；引入批分离实验解决了正常合班课问题和教师时间要求问题；引入电泳实验解决了排课的均衡分配问题；引入标记实验得到了排课表问题的全局最优解集，并给出了算法的生化实现过程。最后，对算法的正确性进行了证明,并讨论了算法的复杂性。     

反馈集问题的研究进展

反馈集问题是经典的NP难问题,在电路测试、操作系统解死锁、分析工艺流程、生物计算等领域都有重要应用,按照反馈集中元素类型可分为反馈顶点集(FVS)问题和反馈边集(FAS)问题。人们利用线性规划和局部搜索等技术设计了一系列关于FVS和FAS问题的近似算法,并基于分枝一剪枝策略和加权分治技术提出了FVS问题的精确算法。随着参数计算理论的发展,近年来参数化反馈集问题引起了人们的重视,并取得了很大突破。目前已经证明了无向图和有向图中FVS问题和FAS问题都是固定参数可解的(FPT)。利用树分解、分支搜索、迭代压缩等技术,对无向图FVS问题提出了一系列FPT算法。针对某些特殊的应用,人们开展了对具有特殊性质的图上FVS问题的研究,提出了一些多项式时间可解的精确算法。现首先介绍了在无向图中关于FVS问题的近似算法与精确算法,然后具体分析了FVS问题的参数化算法。进一步阐述了关于有向图和特殊图上FVS问题的研究现状,介绍了FAS问题的研究成果。基于对反馈集问题研究现状的分析,提出了今后FVS问题研究中值得关注的几个方面。     

中文问答系统中问题理解的研究

对中文问答系统中的问题理解技术进行了研究。问题理解是问答系统的基础,问题理解的核心内容是问题分类。本文对基于规则和统计方法的问题分类体系做了介绍,提出了基于事件框架的问题语义描述模型,给出了疑问意向的形式化定义。同时借助知网,对问题空间的大小进行评测。     

企业信息安全问题案例与相应管理策略

该文对企业信息安全问题进行了分析研究,旨在解决当前企业信息安全管理问题.在企业计算机网络管理的实践研究基础上,对信息安全问题进行了分析;提出了信息系统的稳定性也是信息安全问题的观点;对具体安全问题给出相应的安全管理策略.提出了新的信息安全观点,并试图给出解决当前企业关注的信息安全问题的有效方法.     

关于计算机软件项目管理中存在的问题及对策思考

为提高软件企业的管理水平,本文首先指出了软件项目管理中常见的不足之处:项目计划问题、管理意识问题、项目干系人相关问题、项目团队内分工协作问题、沟通意识问题、项目风险管理意识问题、项目收尾问题;其次对软件项目管理存在的一些问题进行了深入的分析;最后通过分析存在的原因,提出了几点改进措施。     

以TSP为代表的组合优化问题研究现状与展望

旅行商问题(TSP)是运筹学的著名命题,也是目前研究最为广泛的组合优化问题之一.对TSP的研究成果将对求解NP类问题产生重要影响.首先给出组合优化问题和TSP问题的基本概念.然后综述了以TSP为代表的组合优化问题的研究历史和现状,并着重对传统方法和启发式现代智能优化算法做了比较.最后对智能优化算法中的研究热点以及在TSP问题上的应用做了展望,预测了未来技术难点,并对今后可进一步研究的问题做了探讨.     

阅读理解中观点类问题的扩展研究

在高考语文阅读理解中,观点类问题中的观点表达较为抽象,为了从阅读材料中获取与问题相关的答案信息,需要对问题中的抽象词语进行扩展,达到扩展观点类问题的目的。该文提出了基于多任务层级长短时记忆网络(Multi-HLSTM)的问题扩展建模方法。首先将阅读材料与问题进行交互注意,同时建模问题预测和答案预测两个任务,使模型对问题进一步扩展。最后将扩展后的问题与原问题同时应用于问题的答案候选句抽取中。通过在高考语文观点类的真题、模拟题以及DuReader的描述观点类数据集上进行实验,验证了本文的问题扩展模型对答案候选句的抽取性能具有一定的提升作用。     

Who tends to answer open-ended questions in an e-service survey? The contribution of closed-ended answers

This study presents a web survey investigating the effects of gender, age, prior usage behaviours, and closed-ended answers on response behaviour for open-ended questions in a user satisfaction or experience evaluation. Two types of open-ended questions were measured: general comment-specific questions designed to collect comments and explanation-specific questions designed to determine the reason for a higher or lower score for the closed-ended questions. Using an online structured questionnaire on an e-service telecom website, 13,346 valid responses (73.1% male; all aged 19 or above) were analysed. More than 75% of the respondents did not answer any of the open-ended questions. Although respondents tended to answer comment-specific questions (19.9%) more often than explanation-specific questions (11.9%), personal characteristics emerged as significant predictors of participants’ response behaviour in both types of open-ended questions. Males, younger participants, and those who had more e-service usage behaviours answered more often than other participants. Regarding the relationship between answers in closed-ended and open-ended questions, respondents’ scaled scores were significant predictors of responses to open-ended questions, particularly comment-specific questions. This study suggests that a score of four on a five-point scale may indicate an interesting answer, with negative responses (5.5%) more likely than positive responses (3.9%).     

The role of previous questions and answers in natural language dialogues with computers

An important factor for determining the success of any natural language program is the variability in the users' questions that must be handled by the system. Thus, it is important to find methods of measuring and handling this variability. In this article we examine the tendency for subjects to use the topics and terms introduced in the computer's answers in forming their questions. It is shown that the last and next‐to‐last answers have a strong effect on the questions users ask. It is also shown that although users often do ask questions that are related to their previous questions, the most frequent case is for users to introduce new questions related to the computer's answers. Thus, the effect of the computer's answers is stronger than the effect of users' own questions when forming new questions. Finally, it is shown that the accuracy of the computer's responses in answering the questions has important effects on the tendency to use previous questions and answers. These results suggest that natural language systems that take advantage of these features of human‐computer interaction may be successful.     

Content-Dependent Question Generation Using LOD for History Learning in Open Learning Space

The objective of this research is to use current linked open data (LOD) to generate questions automatically to support history learning. This paper tries to clarify the potential of LOD as a learning resource. By linking LOD to natural language documents, we created an open learning space where learners have access to machine understandable natural language information about many topics. The learning environment supports learners with content-dependent questions. In this paper, we describe the question generation method that creates natural language questions using LOD. The integrated data is combined to a history domain ontology and a history dependent question ontology to generate content-dependent questions. To prove whether the generated questions have a potential to support learning, a human expert conducted an evaluation comparing our automatically generated questions with questions generated manually. The results of the evaluation showed that the generated questions could cover more than 80% of the questions supporting knowledge acquisition generated by humans. In addition, we confirmed the automatically generated questions have a potential to reinforce learners’ deep historical understanding.     

A Modal Interpretation of the Logic of Interrogation

We propose a novel interpretation of natural-language questions using a modal predicate logic of knowledge. Our approach brings standard model-theoretic and proof-theoretic techniques from modal logic to bear on questions. Using the former, we show that our interpretation preserves Groenendijk and Stokhof's answerhood relation, yet allows an extensional interpretation. Using the latter, we get a sound and complete proof procedure for the logic for free. Our approach is more expressive; for example, it easily treats complex questions with operators that scope over questions. We suggest a semantic criterion that restricts what natural-language questions can express. We integrate and generalize much previous work on the semantics of questions, including Beck and Sharvit's families of subquestions, non-exhaustive questions, and multi-party conversations.     

Video-based hypermedia: guiding design with users' questions

Abstract

Users' questions can provide important design input. In this paper we examine the questions that users asked after viewing a series of seven video clips and then classify them into three main categories: questions relating to perception difficulties; questions concerning lack of understanding due to some form of dissonance and questions requiring more content information. There are three benefits from analyzing these questions, which will enable designers to improve their designs. First, our approach provides a breakdown of die questions that users ask which can be used by designers to determine what kind of additional information should be made available. Second, it provides a user-centered way of determining where to make links. Third, it enables designers to detect usability and pedagogic problems early in the design of video-based hypermedia.     

VBA在课件交互设计中的应用

本文研究了如何在PowerPoint中使用VBA的方法,结合实例论述了如何在幻灯片课件中利用控件制作诸如填空题,单项选择题,多选题等客观性的题目,通过在VBA窗口中编写相应的程序代码实现讨论学习问题的交互.     

基于答案辅助的半监督问题分类方法

问题分类旨在对问题的类型进行自动分类,该任务是问答系统研究的一项基本任务。提出了一种基于答案辅助的半监督问题分类方法。首先,将答案特征结合问题特征一起实现样本表示;然后,利用标签传播方法对已标注问题训练分类器,自动标注未标注问题的类别;最后,将初始标注的问题和自动标注的问题合并作为训练样本,利用最大熵模型对问题的测试文本进行分类。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于答案辅助的半监督分类方法能够充分利用未标注样本提升性能,明显优于其他的基准方法。     

基于多标签策略的中文知识图谱问答系统研究

现有多数中文知识图谱问答（CKBQA）系统侧重于回答单个三元组查询的简单问题,而不能有效解决涉及多个实体和关系的复杂问题。提出一种基于多标签策略进行答案搜索的CKBQA系统,该系统主要包括问题处理和答案搜索2个部分。在问题处理部分,结合预训练语言模型构建新的模型框架,对问题进行实体提及识别、实体链接和关系抽取处理,通过设置3种分类标签将问题划分为简单问题、链式问题和多实体问题。在答案搜索部分,对上述3种分类问题分别给出不同的解决方法。实验结果表明,该系统在CCKS2019-CKBQA评测数据验证集上的平均F1值可达66.76%。     

Understanding User Behavior of Asking Location-Based Questions on Microblogs

With the prevalence of mobile social network services, people can post location-based questions on their social networks to satisfy their needs anytime anywhere. In this article, the authors study location-based questions that people post on microblogs, which is a popular form of social network service. The authors collected posts with geo-tags from Sina Weibo and conducted the study based on about a thousand location-based questions. Their results reveal unique characteristics of location-based questions by analyzing what people ask, how they ask, why they ask, and the context when asking. Location-based questions are closely related to people’s offline activities. Spatial restriction, subjectivity, interactivity, and propagation are the main characteristics that people value for choosing social networks to ask location-based questions. People also apply different phrasing skills to different types of questions. The questions people ask in different contexts also have different focuses. Based on their findings, the authors discuss practical design implications for social networks, location-based Q&A systems, and other applications with location-based features.