LANDSAT-7 ETM+影像大气校正算法IDL的实现

基于IDL语言平台,实现一种较为成熟的适于LANDSAT-7号卫星ETM 传感器获得的影像的大气校正算法.结果表明所采用的校正算法简便实用,可操作性强.     

多角度NOAA卫星数据地面BRDF反射率的大气校正

本文利用连续数天的NOAA卫星数据，采用Rahman地表二向反射模型和基于地面BRDF反射率的大气校正方法反复迭代提取出多个角度大气校正后的图像，并对结果进行了分析。实验结果表明了在多角度遥感定量研究中BRDF大气校正的重要性，大气校正结果与地面实测结果相近，且迭代收敛迅速。     

遥感影像不同校正模型对反射率的影响分析

采用飞马D200四旋翼无人机携带多光谱相机,获取了可见光波段的数据,地面同步测量了地表反射率和大气参数.结合实验数据,采用基于POS数据的严格成像模型和多项式模型对图像进行了几何校正,对比了2种模型的校正精度和不同重采样方式产生的差异.在几何校正的基础上进行了大气校正,获得地表反射率,选取典型地物水体、植被、裸土的实测结果进行验证.结果表明低空无人机遥感可以得到精度较高的地表反射率结果,但不同的几何校正模型对地表反射率影响较小,可以忽略.通过开展该实验证明了利用无人机开展定量化遥感研究的可行性.     

太湖地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据反演气溶胶及大气校正

针对HJ-1卫星CCD数据,利用改进的暗像元法反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),再利用反演的AOD对其进行大气校正。将反演的气溶胶与地基太阳光度计数据进行对比验证,发现当反演的AOD值大于0.2时,反演值与地基观测值的相关系数为0.964,符合MODIS业务化反演AOD的精度要求。再将反演得到的气溶胶带入6S辐射传输模型中,对HJ-1卫星CCD数据进行大气校正实验。结果表明,该方法能有效提高HJ-1卫星CCD数据大气校正的精度,更好地复原地物的真实光谱信息。     

遥感图像大气校正的黑暗像元法

介绍黑暗像元法大气校正的思路，阐述了不同黑暗像元法的大气校正模型，选择其中2种模型对一景SPOT图像进行了大气校正 ，最后指出了黑暗像元法需要进一步改进的地方。     

北京地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据的气溶胶反演及在大气校正中的应用

与现有的大气卫星传感器相比,环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD相机具有较高的空间分辨率(30m),使得在城市地区找到光谱纯像元的机率大大增加。本文提出一种基于纯像元提取的城市地区气溶胶光学厚度(AerosolOpticalDepth,AOD)反演算法,利用像元纯净指数来提取CCD影像上的纯像元,并由HJ-1A星和B星的多时相CCD观测数据结合地表双向反射率模型确定纯像元的地表反射特性,在此基础上反演AOD。与AERONET地基测量数据的对比表明,该算法具有较高精度,相关系数为0.83,线性拟合斜率为1.091,截距为0.053。基于该方法的AOD反演结果作为输入,能较大程度提高HJ-1卫星CCD影像大气校正的精度。     

多暗像元大气校正方法

 针对Landsat TM影像，设计了一种适用于非均质大气的大气校正方法。该方法以暗目标减法（DOS）为基础，结合大气辐射传输模型，通过选取TM影像上多个暗像元，并计算其所对应的大气校正系数对整幅图像进行大气校正。该方法不依赖任何外部信息，并且考虑了大气的非均质性，校正精度较高。     

地表反射率产品支持的GF-1 PMS气溶胶光学厚度反演及大气校正

GF-1卫星PMS(GF-1 PMS)数据具有高空间分辨率、短重访周期的特点,可以在地表类型识别、参数提取中发挥重要作用。但由于缺少2.1μm附近的短波红外波段,使得气溶胶反演时地表反射率的精确确定非常困难,从而导致其高精度大气校正难以开展,限制了该数据的应用。本文提出了一种地表反射率数据支持的气溶胶反演方法,用于GF-1PMS数据的大气校正。其基本思想是:使用现有的地表反射率数据集为GF-1PMS数据提供地表反射率,用于确定GF-1PMS图像中浓密植被像元(DDV)的分布,基于确定的浓密植被像元反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),并用于大气校正。这里使用的地表反射率数据集为合成的无云MODIS地表反射率产品,对GF-1PMS数据做了空间尺度的转换。为降低两类数据配准误差对地表反射率确定的影响,提出了使用区域NDVI分布百分比匹配的方法,回避了像元的直接匹配,为GF-1PMS数据提供DDV的空间分布。为验证该方法的有效性,利用北京、太湖两个AERONET站点观测的气溶胶光学厚度对气溶胶反演结果进行精度验证,结果表明,气溶胶反演算法精度较高,稳定性较强。AOD反演结果应用于北京和敦煌地区的GF-1PMS数据大气校正,获得的地表反射率与地面实测的地表反射率的误差低于0.015,且大气校正后影像对比度明显提高。     

基于查找表的MODIS逐像元大气校正方法研究

以6S大气辐射传输模型为基础,计算了气溶胶光学厚度、太阳天顶角、传感器天顶角以及地表海拔变化对于校正得到的地表反射率的影响,讨论了6S模型对于这些参数的敏感性,提出了一种基于查找表的大气校正方法,利用6S模型离线计算建立了不同气溶胶的光学厚度、太阳天顶角、传感器天顶角以及地表海拔条件下大气校正系数的查找表,基于该查找表对MODIS影像进行逐像元大气校正。通过对本文方法、6S在线校正方法和利用统一输入参数校正方法的比较表明,本文方法的计算结果与6S在线校正方法很接近,说明本文方法可以有效地改善由于大气条件、传感器位置等空间分布差异对MODIS图像大气校正的影响。     

CBERS-02卫星CCD图像的大气订正

用基于遥感器辐射定标参数和大气辐射传输模型计算的方法对CBERS-02卫星CCD图像进行了大气订正，较好地消除了CCD遥感图像中非目标地物的成像信息。为了消除目标邻近像元的影响，假定目标是处在某一特定反射率的大尺度参考背景下，然后再将反射率修正到实际背景中，通过这种方法获得的大气订正图像的细节部分更加清晰，对比度增强，大大改善了CCD图像的质量。     

基于FLAASH和ATCOR2模型的Landsat ETM+影像大气校正比较

利用FLAASH和ATCOR2模型对漓江流域的Landsat ETM+数据进行大气校正,以GLS(Global Land Survey)获得的同步高质量地表反射率影像作为参考数据,从目视效果、典型地物光谱特征和波谱一致性三方面对两种模型的校正结果进行对比分析。研究表明,两种模型均可以对ETM+影像进行有效的大气校正,FLAASH模型的校正精度优于ATCOR2模型。     

Relative suitability of indices derived from Landsat ETM+ and SPOT 5 for detecting fire severity in sagebrush steppe

Remote sensing indices of burn area and fire severity have been developed and tested for forest ecosystems, but not sparsely vegetated, desert shrub-steppe in which large wildfires are a common occurrence and a major issue for land management. We compared the performance of remote sensing indices for detecting burn area and fire severity with extensive ground-based cover assessments made before and after the prescribed burning of a 3 km² shrub-steppe area. The remote sensing indices were based on either Landsat 7 ETM+ or SPOT 5 data, using either single or multiple dates of imagery. The indices delineating burned versus unburned areas had better overall, User, and Producer's accuracies than indices delineating levels of fire severity. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) calculated from SPOT had the greatest overall accuracy (100%) in delineating burned versus unburned areas. The relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) using Landsat ETM+ provided the highest accuracies (73% overall accuracy) for delineating fire severity. Though SPOT's spatial resolution likely conferred advantages for determining burn boundaries, the higher spectral resolution (particularly band 7, 2.21 μm) of Landsat ETM+ may be necessary for detecting differences in fire severity in sparsely vegetated shrub-steppe.     

Atmospheric tides and rotation of the Earth

The six-hourly values of the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) functions computed by the U.S. National Meteorological Center (NMC) were used to estimate the effects of the atmospheric tides on the Earth's rotation. Variations of the equatorial components ₁ and ₂ of the AAM have periods close to gravitational tidesP ₁ andK ₁.The amplitudes of the detected variations in ₁ and ₂ functions have been found to be much larger than the theoretical ones, the reason of this amplification remains unexplained. According to theoretical formulations, these waves can be expressed only as retrograde motions. Because of frame effects, there is a correspondance between diurnal retrograde polar motion and precession-nutations and the atmospheric effect on polar motion cannot be detected from observations.The second part of this paper deals the effects of atmospheric tides in Earth rotation. High-frequency UT1 variations have been derived from VLBI and GPS techniques during the SEARCH'92 campaign (Study ofEarth-AtmosphereRapidCHanges) (Dickey et al. 1994). They have been compared to values derived by Ray et al. (1994) from global ocean tide model. The results obtained in the present paper show the existence of variations of thermal origin with an amplitude of about 1µs in Universal Time UT1. The agreement between observed and theoretical values is better when the determined thermal atmospheric tides are taken into account.Oceanic tidal signal explains a large part (60% of the signal variance) of the diurnal and sub-diurnal variations. Our results show that only a small part of the residuals (5%) accounts for the atmospheric tidal effects. The residual signal remains unexplained; it might be due to mismodelization of oceanic or atmospheric tides or effect of other geophysical phenomena.     

Geostatistical interpolation of SLC-off Landsat ETM+ images

The scan-line corrector (SLC) for the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor, on board the Landsat 7 satellite, failed permanently in 2003. The consequence of the SLC failure (or SLC-off) is that about 20% of the pixels in an ETM+ image are not scanned. We aim to develop a geostatistical method that estimates the missing values. Our rationale is to collect three cloud-free images for a particular Landsat scene, taken within a few weeks of each other: the middle image is the target whose un-scanned locations we wish to estimate; the earlier and later images are used as secondary information. We visit each un-scanned location in the target image and, for each reflectance band in turn, predict the missing value with cokriging (resorting to kriging when there is not enough local secondary information to justify cokriging). For three Landsat scenes in different bio-regions of Queensland, Australia, we compared the performance of geostatistical interpolation with image compositing. Geostatistics was a generally superior estimator. In contrast to compositing, geostatistics was able to estimate accurately values at all un-scanned locations, and was able to quantify the variance associated with each prediction. SLC-off images interpolated with geostatistics were visually sensible, although changes in land-use from pixel to pixel affected adversely the accuracy of prediction. The primary disadvantage of geostatistics was its relatively slow computing speed. We recommend the geostatistical method over compositing, but, if speed takes priority over statistical rigour, a hybrid technique–whereby composites are corrected to the local means and variances of the bands in the target image, and any un-estimable locations are interpolated geostatistically–is an adequate compromise.     

基于IDL三维地形建模及可视化技术研究

三维地形建模及可视化是GIS、计算机图形学、虚拟现实、数字摄影测量等领域的研究热点。在分析第四代交互可视化数据语言IDL的基础上,应用组件编程技术实现了高程数据和遥感图像进行地形三维合成的可视化实验系统,与传统方法相比,运用IDL进行地形建模及可视化具有较高的程序开发效率和较强的地形可视化效果。     

遥感图像薄云去除方法及IDL的实现研究

云噪声的干扰,严重影响了遥感图像的解译与信息提取。本文从遥感图像的成像机理出发,使用同态滤波算法,采用IDL二次开发语言并集成到ENVI平台上,实现了遥感图像薄云的自动化检测与去除。实验证明,该过程能够有效地去除薄云,提高在传统方法中图像预处理的效率,在一定程度上提高了图像的质量与精度。     

SPOT 5与ETM+影像融合用于土地调查

以SPOT 5及ETM 遥感影像为基础数据,通过对云南昆明郊区利用PCA法和Brovey法进行影像融合,使融合后影像同时具有多光谱特性和高分辨率,提高影像的解译度。并对融合后的影像进行分类及精度分析,讨论影像融合技术在土地调查中的应用。     

BRDF大气影响订正环的收敛性研究

定量遥感要求对星载或机载遥感数据进行大气影响订正。精确的大气订正则需要知道下垫面的方向性反射（或辐射）特征,而这正是定量遥感所要知道的。这就形成了一个死循环。为了解开这个死结,ＭＯＤＩＳ可见／近红外产品采用了考虑地表ＢＲＤＦ的迭代订正。然而迭代订正的收敛性是有待研究的问题。胡宝新等用大量的模拟来表明该算法的收敛性,但模拟很难耗尽各式各样的可能情况。本文旨在从理论上研究该订正环的收敛性并阐明收敛的条件。